eit See eS
148 INDEX. Page. Page. Pleurotoma-formicaria, Sow. ...... 139 | Spermophilus macrourus, Benn.... 41 granulosa, Sow. ...... 139 spilosoma, Benn. ... 40 hexagona, Sow. ...... 139 | Spondylus aculeatus, Brod. ...... 5 incrassata, Sow. ...... 138 dubius, Brod. ......... 4 interrupta, Sow........ 138 leueacantha, Brod. ... 5 maculosa, Sow. ...... 185 Princeps, Brod. ...... 4 Maura, Sow. ........ 134 | Sterna arctica, Temm. .........+6- 33 modesta, Sow.......... 136 | Sula candida, Briss. .........c60006 32 nigerrima, Sow. ...... 137 | Sus Scrofa monstr. ....0..sseceeeeee 16 nitida, Sow. .......00.06 139 | Teratophius, Less. ......2..e0+005 vee 40 olivacea, Sow.......... 136 | Terebratula Chilensis, Brod. ...... 124 Oxytropis, Sow. ...... 135 Curtensis, Brod. 126 pallida, Sow. ......... 137 psirracea, Brug. .... 126 Tosea, SOW. ...s.seees . 134 Uva, Brod........ ewes 124 rudis, Sow. ......60. ... 184 | Tesrupo Inpica,.Linn. ............ 43 rugifera, Sow. .....0.6. 136 | Testudo Indica, Linn. ............ 81 rustica, Sow. .......6. 138 | Tetragonurus? simplex, Lowe 143 splendidula, Sow. ... 185 | Zetrodon stellatus, Donov. nec La- Turricula, Sow. ...... 137 COpe scchesatteeeet svete Shoes 115 unicolor, Sow. ......... 138 | Tringa pugnax, Linn. .........00e 10 unimaculata, Sow. ... 134. Triton Ceylonensis, Siow. ......... 71 variculosa, Sow. ...... 139 clathratus, Sow. .....sese00. 71 Pollieipes polymerus, Sow.......... 74 constrictus, Brod. ..... seem YO ruber, Soww.....s.ccecceeee 74 convolutus, Brod. .......++ 7 Polyboroides, Smith .......0..-006+ 45 decollatus, Sow. ...-ssecs00. 72 Prionus Cumingii, Hope ......... 64 distortus, Sow. ...ssseseeee 71 Hayesii, Hope ....... swore 64 gibbosus, Brod. ........000+ 7 Bertiisiope wesw a 64 lignarius, Brod. «2.000004 5 Pteroglossus castanotis, Gould’... 119 lineatus, Brod. .......+s008 6 hypoglaucus, Gould 70 lineatus, Sow. .......0+. sodas, ulocomus, Gould ... 38 Mediterraneus, Sow. ...... 71 Purpura xanthostoma, Brod....... 8 nitidulus, Sow. ........000. 71 PYr OsoOMa SPs lesve.seeacesvs coweveceve 79 reticulatus, Sow. ......0++0+4 71 Rana esculenta, Linn. .....000... 88 rudis, Brod. ....ccceeceeees 6 Ranina cristata, Desj. ....-. Vettes 118 scalariformis, Brod. ...... 7 Rhamphastos culminatus, Gould 70 tigrinus, Brod. .........++ 5 Swainsonii, Gould 69 | Trogon pavoninus, Spix .........+++ 107 Rhombus Maderensis, Lowe ...... 148 | Turbinella armata, Brod. ......... 7 BissOG PAVVG vases vevecseceveeceeens 116 Ceestus, Brod. ....s000+ 8 Sarcoruampuus Grypuvus, Dum. 78 tuberculata, Brod. ... 7 Sciurus nigrescens, Benn.......... 41 | Turdus polyglotius, Linn. ........-. 114 Scolecobrotus, n. g. Hope ......... 64 | Uracantha, n. g. Hope ...ec0000 64 Westwoodii, Hope 64 triangularis, Hope ... 64 Semnopithecus cucullatus, Isid. Uromastix acanthinurus, Bell ... 16 Geoffr. ......... 68 | Ursus ornatus, F. Cuv. ...3.....06. 114 Entetuus ......... 74| Velella limbosa, Lam. ......... .. «14 FASCICULARIS 74 | Pultur auricularis, Daud.......... 45 Nestor, Benn..... 67 Sulous, Linn. ........c.0008 . 45 Sepia oFFicINAuis, Linn. ......... 86 Kolbit, Daud. ..........0604. 81 Sepiola stenodactyla, Grant ...... 42 | Zanclus cornutus, Cuv. ........064. 117 Serranus marginatus, Lowe ...... 142 | Zeus Aper, Linn. .........eeeeceees 114 Simia.Faunus, Linn. ....de00seseeee 109
Printed by RicHarv Taytor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street.
PROCEEDINGS
t
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
PART II. 1834.
Jesh MUS Kon “&e ee 72 ae 4, 4Z Ka fy 3 algae 5 e j
Bar istO% PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,
BY RICHARD TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
: c = ;: We Ly - eG a is hig ayo.’ SoMidtaa ORs ns ae Lisneitecce: ‘eolinepte Soret Sh His NS cine eee i i . ch * fe Ge NG , ‘ ; ; ; ra ® if : : r a . ' } actA A Cad ¢ woes f Po ' - ‘ * - re a. M4 f - < ne , a ; : ; PyS>, . t ‘ : BT -i | <3 ree a oa rm Pe ny Pe EEEOOS TAD ‘ es ; cay ‘< j nev a ’
LIST OF
CONTRIBUTORS.
With References to the several Articles contributed by each.
Azssorr, K. E., Esq.
Letter on various Zoological Subjects, accompanying a Col- lection of Birds, formed by him in the neighbourhood of 'Tre- INOS A EE bs con ah a en Mita Sed aa Se ate
Letter accompanying a Collection of additional Species of
| Birds from the same locality...........:»ees-se. “eit Agassiz, M. L. On the Anatomy of the Genus Lepisosteus, with Descriptions INEM SPECIES ai sia spe 2 +s ofelniaye.# sleinye ona s A TH ALLEN, Lieut., R.N. On a Collection of Objects of Zoology, made in the Inte- rier or nigea, aid presented by “22 S252 Ee ees On some Drawings of Fishes of the river Quorra, made by Barygs, Mrs. Note on the Rearing of a Species of Humming-bird .. Brut, T., Esa. Characters of a New Genus of freshwater Tortoise (Cy- PMIUR YN , 1. PRI I n. chats, ee SET <hik «1TH, cvbidinjsiviele. a teh Bennett, E. T., Esq. Observations on the Genus Crypioprocta......0...+++: Observations on a Species of Paradoxurus, probably Par. prehensilis, Gray, presented by Lord Fitzroy Somerset .... On several Animals recently added to the Society’s Mena- SS) pee AEE 8 aS ee = eee ee 41, Characters of New Species of Fishes, collected by Lieute- Hant Allen; mi Western Africa .... 0... 2. eee eee ees On a Specimen of the Manis Temminckii, Smuts, from South Africa, forming part of the collection of Mr. Steedman On a New Species of Kangaroo .......... Bes eee BES
Yt
50
133
119
45 147
33
17
13 33 110 45
81
Bewnetr, G., Esq. page On the Habits of a Species of horned Pheasant (Tragopan Demminchts, Gray): sis estaisie chersiet Citas eo eh oe ee On the Habits of the King Penguin (Aptenodytes Patacho- ie Cai 71 By I a eee Oink SF RNS 34 On a Wound inflicted by a Pelican on its own breast.... 49 Characters of a New Species of Bat from New Holland, Collceted Ms Sie cs ses «s,s. + bo 0 odin cele eae te 52 On the Natural History and Habits of the Ornithorhynchus (parades, TUM. so... es ks sw Se a ee Oe 141 On the Nasal Gland of the wandering Albatross (Diomedea erulans, Linn.) ...... wie feudieTs Anita s co oe 0:3 aeeeths chert ere ates 151
Benson, W. H., Esq. Observations on a Collection of /and and freshwater Shells
formed in the Gangetic Provinces of India ...... wis fists Fok 89 Note on the Importation of a Living Cerithium Telescopium, PAPE ie sata «sine « 6 pi0. Sisjaw teal ates, ¥ teehee ag ee 91
Bice, H., Esq. On a Species of Bee from the Brazils, found living on split- ting a log of peach-wood containing its Comb............ 118
Bosrr, M. W. Letter on the Habits, &c. of Cryptoprocta feror, Benn... 13
Breton, Lieut., R.N. On the Habits of the Musk Duck of New Holland (Hydro-
bated Iobutos,“Temm.)' ooo costae fo ns's a 0s eee ce 19 On a Mode of Preserving Bird-skins in the absence of the ONGMATY MEANB 565. .sklonde, de eiceC) de qed Se 21
Account of the Habits of a Specimen of Echidna, which survived during a considerable part of his voyage to Europe. 23
Broperip, W. J., Esq. : Characters of New Genera and Species of Mollusca and Conchifera, collected by Mr. Cuming ....2, 13, 35, 47, 114, 148
Descriptions of New Species of Calyptreide ........ 13, 35 Descriptions of a New Genus of Gasteropoda (Scutella).. 47 On Clavagella, with Characters of New Species ........ 115 Description of some Species of Chama .......ceseeee es 148
Burrow, H., Esq. Characters of a New Species of the Genus Monacanthus, ROSIE 5 a. Tee tadelbUete <je. ste ti she o}'k:9) by pth, Ria, RRO wag wel
Cary, Hon. Byron. Note on a large Specimen of the Gallapagos Island Tor-
Cuming, H., Esq. Characters of New Genera and Species of Mollusca and Conchifera, collected by, 2,6,13,17, 21, 35, 46, 48, 68, 87, 123, 148
Curtis, J., Esq. page
On a Species of Bee (Trigona, Jur.) from South America . Danie11, G., Esq.
118
On the Habits and Economy of two British Species of Bats 129
Dersy, The Right Hon. the Earl of Letter on the Breeding of the Sandwich Island Goose (Ber-
ree AVA CONSISS VMI ion 8 nei eiie’b s b-tie\ nar dle aia porated Letter on the Breeding of several Birds in His Lordship’s Menagerie at Knowsley...... Sr 8 aU AO EE CeCe Be
Dessarpins, M. J. Letter accompanying a Collection of Objects of Zoology, chiefly Mammalia and Birds, from the Mauritius..........
Fouutiort, G., Esq. On a Collection of Birds from North America, presented by
Grorrroy St. Hinarre, M. On the Structure and Use of the Monotrematic Glands, and particularly on those Glands in the Cetacea ..........
Goutp, Mr. J. On a Collection of Birds from North America, presented by Mera Rien lar ce kh ee hae Mats Sct ovis 8a Sie epee pee Characters of three New Species of Trogon in the Collec-
SUAOMER IEE SOLELY 8112555 YGF Ane elon Fae a ee Las Character of a New Species of Plover (Vanellus, Linn.) collected by Lieut. Allen in Western Africa............+. On a Collection of Birds formed by Mr. Abbott in the Reenpourmood Of Lrevizond i vs. e ew pein eer vse ae Characters of the Genera and Species of the Family aR ERY ye eo gy baie, mle nya sind nce gnc Pe ie geis On a Collection of Birds from Nepaul, presented by B. H. IE StsRePNONES MUECIQS toe crsalcidy Bu latbaks'a at's tare’ ot bow ate wid wie tbs oy eta
On a second Collection of Birds from the neighbourhood of PRE CIMA TE: Cae ots fliohe? fates wlol io isa) 2 2, Shel ahnte seh arfe wae We, a ael
Gray, J. E. Esq. Characters of a New Genus of Radiata (Ganymeda) : Note on the Conveyance from the Mauritius to England of two living Specimens of the Cerithium armatum, Brug. . Characters of a New Species of Bat (Rhinolophus, Geoffr. ) PROM SWE EIOUAME cnk soos sn nde pales et leans aseiea leis Characters of several New Species of freshwater Tortoises (Emys) from India and China .........+0---eeeeee eee Note on the Cistuda Bealii, Gray, referred to the Genus NELTNG] SIU eR OENES Jaicl scat k sieye/s tel «ieis\,s. 524,018) «1s stn) + sis) aye\aiane Notice of Two Varieties of the Cistuda Amboinensis, Gray Characters of New Species of Shells .....+.e0e0e0- 57,
41
81
57
14
26
133 147
53 53 54
54 63
Vi
Gray, J. E., Esq. (continued.) Characters of a New Genus of Mollusca (Nanina) ...... Enumeration of the Species of the Genus Terebra, with Characters of many hitherto undescribed................ Characters of Two New Genera of Reptiles (Geoemyda and Gehigrd) Do cipes eres pas: ot. SOY OES Oe ee Obseryations on the Red Viper, regarded as a Variety of the Common Species (Vipera Berus, Daud.) ............ Arguments in favour of the parasitic Nature of the Ani- mals found in the Shells of the Genus Argonauta, Linn... .. Characters of two New Species of Sturgeon (Acipenser, RS i ere msec lk} ins aceite Sees’ ap ae Characters of a New Genus of Reptiles (Lialis) from New RoE Wales oN ale oe nv hes oo thn ace bs ohm al Note on the New Holland Ibis of Dr. Latham . . ‘ Observations on two Species of freshwater Tortoises ....
Haz, Marsuatt, M.D. Notes of Experiments on the Nerves in a Decapitated 7 Pe ie fe ora sO cary ae trate grt fe cc ye y.
Hancock, J., M.D. On the Lantern-fly, and some other Insects of Guiana. ...
Harpwicke, Major-Gen. T. Description of a New Species of the genus cant Linn., from Western) Agfica sit. 3}. eeswnd sculls». hel ae hee
Harvey, J. B., Esq. Notes on a Collection of Shells and Crustacea, formed on the,South Coastof Devonshire, . ......2%....24 sisls « cicvec eee
Hearne, J., Esq. Letter on various Zoological Subjects relating to the Island Sug s CES: eR ARE en Letter accompanying a Present of several Living Animals arom tite [sland Oba RE ose! ss a. ois c cverphtiaie oc ee
Hemine, — Esq. Note on a Remarkable Dilatation ‘at the Base of the Lower Jaw and Upper Part of the Throat in the Swift (Cypselus pte A ise cai oie we oats us ee ie
Hoveson, B. H., Esq. Letter in relation to a Collection of Living Birds forwarded by him from Nepaul for the Society’s Menagerie beeteaateg, - Letter on various Zoological Subjects, with Additional Ob- servations on the Chiru Antelope (Antilope Hodgsonii, Abel). . Letter on the Distinction between the Ghordl (Antilope Goral, Hardw.) and Thdr (Antilope Thar, Hodgs.) . On the Mammalia of Nepaul............ OF Athae th sonic
101
52
28
25
110
: : ,
vu
Honeson, B. H., Esq. (continued). page
On the Characters of the Jhdral (Capra Jhdral, Hodgs.), and of the Ndhdor (Ovis Ndahoor, Hodgs.), with Observa- tions on the Distinction between the Genera Capra and Ovis
Notice of a Collection of Birds from Nepaul, presented by
Jonzs, R., Esq. Notes on the Dissection of a Tiger (Felis Tigris, Linn.) .. Notes on the Dissection of an Agouti (Dasyprocta Aguti, RES STAI cea, a a Notes on the Dissection of Azara’s Opossum (Didelphis LER UST RRS is GOCE eI one fae Eee
Kine, Capt. P. P., R.N. Observations on Oceanic Birds, particularly those of the REreNITIS PP LDINEAER: VAN a. t st feieleleje.cie. « civ'¢ se syofetiBle o~
MacLeay, W. S., Esq. Remarks tending to illustrate the Natural History of Two
Annulose Genera, namely, Urania of Fabricius, and Mygale PRRUABIECRMCI G(s! 904.0. ws exaeeuin > distal el fotasiioa sxe whales
Martin, Mr. W. Notes on the Anatomy of the Rhea (Rhea Americana, Vieill.) and Cassowary (Casuarius Emeu, Lath.) .............4-.- On the Occurrence of Aneurism of the Aorta in the brown oar CVasua fusca, B.. Cuvs). «0.600 a ee OS Notes on the Dissection of Azara’s Opossum (Didelphis RACE Ne RBTONIUS oo traced Na RRL, cpeatiabd stots Stern ety aromeyeid
Notes on the Dissection of a Mangue (Crossarchus obscurus, RAT Mee La cary MEE): Lae oie EOE Ea ais th gS ig pla'aye
Oeixzy, W., Esq. Notice of a New Species of Otter from the North of Ire- SMa a Tare Sag pec 8 tain, & «alto Eos eral A « cnte abs ie Sage,
Owen, R., Esq. On the Distinguishing Peculiarities of the Crania of the ER GRASMTL) RAG ERY MON ASN OU? RO OES IT TOES OR On the Anatomy of the Purple-crested Touraco (Corythaix parpayncolapha, Miga)y One Howes.) P28 2A IE On the Stomach of Semnopithecus Maurus, F.Cuv. .... On the Anatomy of the Capybara (Hydrocherus Capybara,
1a en ann PADRE MELE COS OG Ee aE 6 aie es ee On the Anatomy of the Calyptreide ...........+42-- On the Structure of the Heart in the Perennibranchiate
SR ie oy at a ci cg eR eli ae aA a ei AE
On the Young of the Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Blum... Description of a Recent Clavagella (Clavagella lata, Brod.) Notes on the Anatomy of a New Species of Kangaroo QURGCrOMUSTEIRITHERECDD):)\oiicet... cece eco ce ee meswianes
107 115
10
113
111
14
45 111
152
Vili
Parry, Capt. Sir E. W.,R.N. page On a New Species of Kangaroo (Macropus Parryi, Benn.), presented by i). oe oe ec eta dpe Vp ew ps veh ty oles 151
Porter, Sir R. K. Letter on the Characters and Habits of a Specimen of the Pithecia sagulata, presented by him to the Society........ 41 Letter on various Zoological Subjects ........ hd RE 113
Ruprett, Dr. E. Description of a New Genus of Pectinibranchiated Gastero- podous Mollusca (Leptoconchus)......++++seeesseeweeeee 105
Sapine, J., Esq. Notice of | a Hybrid between the common Pheasant (Pha- sianus Colchicus, Linn.) and the grey Hen (Tetrao Tetrix, Linn.) * 52
Situ, A., M.D. Letter on the Zoology of South Africa ...........2005- 25
Sowersy, G. B., Esq. Characters of New Genera and Species of Mollusca and Conchifera, collected by Mr. Cuming .. 6,17, 21, 46, 68, 87, 123 Characters of Three Species of the Genus Bulinus, Lam., brought to England by Mr. Miller ...............2.005 141
SrerpMay, A., Esq. On a Specimen of the Manis Temminckii, Smuts, forming part of the Collection of... 0)... sols ¥j>.2e.dl gina & See 81
Sropparr, Capt. Observations on Several Birds, forming part of the Col- lection of the Naval and Military Museum .............. 52
Syxes, Lieut.-Col. W. H. Notice of the Perforation of Leaden Pipes by the Teeth of
| UE Se RS Pe rear AEM Rs I os 54 On the Nest and Eggs of the Lonchura Cheet, Sykes, and of the Orthotomus Bennettii, Sykes ..........0-.2 ee eeee 140
Tuompson, W., Esq. On an Immature Specimen of the long-tailed Manis (Manis
tetradactyla, Linn.), from Sierra Leone ..............4+ 28 Notice of the Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus, Linn.).......... 29 Catalogue of Birds new to the Irish Fauna ............ 29
WEATHERHEAD, J. H., M.D. On two young Specimens of Ornithorhynchus.........- 22
Westwoop, J. O., Esq. On Nycteribia, a Genus of Wingless Insects .........- 135
YarreELL, W., Esq. On the Anal Pouch of the Male Fishes in Certain Species of the Genus Syagnathus, Linn. ........ 000s e vere cee 118
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Sb id
January 14, 1834. Joseph Sabine, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Several crania were exhibited of the Lon and of the Tiger, form- ing part of the Society’s Museum, on which Mr. Owen explained the distinguishing characteristics of that part of the osseous system of these two large species of Felis, He adverted in the first instance to those pointed out by Cuvier in the ‘Ossemens Fossiles’, and re- marked on the first of them,—the straightness of the outline in the Lion from the mid-space of the postorbital processes to the end of the nasal bones, in one direction, and to the occiput in the other,—as not being in all cases available : the second distinction,— the flattening of the interorbital space in the Lon and its convexity in the Tiger,—he regarded as being more constant and appreciable than the one just mentioned. There is, however, a distinction which he believes has never been published, which is well marked, and which appears to be constant; for it is found to prevail through- out the whole of the skulls of these animals which he has had -op- portunities of examining, including ten of the Lion, and upwards of twenty of the Ziger. It consists in the prolongation backwards, in the cranium of the Lion, of the nasal processes of the maxillary bones to the same transverse line which is attained by the coronal or superior ends of the nasal bones: in the Tiger the nasal pro- cesses of the maxillary bones never extend nearer to the transverse plane attained by the nasal bones than 3rd of an inch, and some- times fall short of it by 3rds, terminating also broadly in a straight or angular outline, just as though the rounded and somewhat pointed ends which these processes have in the Lron had been cut off.
Minor differences, Mr. Owen remarked, exist in the form of the nasal aperture, which in the Ziger is disposed to narrow down- wards, and become somewhat triangular, while in the Lion its
No, XIII. PRocEEDINGS oF THE ZooLOGICAL Society.
Pa
In
Z
tendency is towards a square shape; in the deeper sinking, in a longitudinal depression, of the coronal extremities of the nasal bones in the Tiger than in the Lion; in the bounding of this de- pression above in most of the. Tigers’ crania by a small but distinct semilunar ridge, which is not found in those of the Lion; and in the larger comparative size, chiefly in their transverse diameter, of the infraorbital foramina in the Lion. These foramina, it is curious to observe, are double either on one or both sides in the only four crania examined of Lions which were known to be Asiatic, while in all the others the foramen was single on each side.
Specimens were exhibited of Placunanomie from the collection of Mr. Cuming, and the following Notes by Mr. Broderip respecting them were read.
Genus PLACUNANOMIA.
Since my publication of this genus in the ‘ Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence,’ (Part IJ. p. 28.) Mr. Cuming has found among his stores the following three species in addition to Plac. Cumingii, which I have already recorded.
PLAcUNANOoMIA RuDIS. Plac. testd sordidé alba, crassd, concen- trice irregulariter corrugatd, ints nitidé politd: alt. 12, long. 14, lat. § poll.
Hab. in India Occidentali.
Oss. Ostree edulis speciem referens.
Mr. Cuming detected this Placunanomia attached to a Spondylus
croceus.—W. J. B.
PLacunANomMIA FouiaTA. Plac. testd subdiaphand, subcirculari, rudi, subfoliatd, sordid? albd, intus splendente ; valve supertoris medio purpureo-fusco : alt. 12, long. 14, lat. 4, poll.
Hab. in sinu Guayaquil Columbiz Occidentalis. (Isle of Mu-
erte.
Diedged up attached to a dead Pinna from a bottom of sandy mud, at the depth of eleven fathoms.
The surface of the inside of the lower valve is uneven but lustrous, and of a hue somewhat approaching to golden. The inside centre of the upper valve is of a rich-purple brown. The outer surface of the lower valve, which has been attached throughout its whole ex- tent, bears a somewhat crystalline appearance; and this observa- tion may be applied to the adhering surface of Plac. rudis. In the last-mentioned species this portion is comparatively small, and the eye will immediately detect it from the contrast which it affords with the dull exterior of the part which was free.—W. J. B.
PLACUNANOMIA ECHINATA. lac. testd subtumidd, valvd supe- riore seriatim echinatd, limbo purpurascente: alt. 14, long. 14, lat. s poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Nevis.
Dredged up attached to shells, by Mr. Powers, from sandy mud
at a depth of six fathoms.
S
The inside of the upper valve is of a shining colour, approaching to golden, and that of the lower is sometimes silvery and sometimes of a lighter shade of the colour of the inside of the upper valve.
This species varies much in shape, according to circumstances. Mr, G. B. Sowerby possesses one of an irregular ovate form. In- deed Placunanomia, in conmon with other adherent genera, varies much in shape, accommodating its external form to the surface to which its lower valve is attached. It is remarkable also for putting on the appearance of other genera or species; and this, with the ex- treme closeness of the adhesion cf the lower valve, has been per- haps one of the causes why it has escaped the notice of zoologists. Thus, Plac. Cumingii, to a casual observer, looks like one of the plicated Oysters; Plac. rudis greatly resembles the common Oyster, Ostrea edulis ; and Plac. echinata wears something of the appear- ance of some of the short-spined Spondyli.—W. J. B.
Besides the species above recorded Mr, G. B, Sowerby has kindly furnished me with an odd valve of a large species from Lugonia, beautifully iridescent internally: but as it is believed that this is identical with the fine shell sold by him to the British Museum, I leave the description of it to the officers of that institution, in whose province it is, and who are so fully capable of doing it justice.
This genus, then, appears to be widely diffused. Mr.G. B.Sow- erby has some other odd valves which may prove new. I possess two or three specimens adhering to Spondyli from an unknown lo- cality ; but they appear to be young, and, though I am inclined to think that there is among them a new species, I wait for further information before I venture to characterize it.—W. J. B.
Mr. Owen read the following Notes on the Anatomy of the pur- ple-crested Touraco, Corythaix porphyreolopha, Vig.
‘(In commencing the anatomical examination of this Bird, my at- tention was first directed to the form of the tongue. This was large, and not confined to the posterior region of the mouth, but ex- tended to the end of the lower mandible: its apex was beset with a few small horny bristles directed forwards, as in the Toucans, Rhamphastos, Linn., but much less produced than in those birds. It is probable that the ripeness of fruit on which these birds feed is tested by these yielding processes. The base of the tongue was, as usual, beset with retroverted papille, and elevated into a distinct ridge, serving, as in many of the cold-blooded ovzpara, as an epi- glottis. The interspace between this ridge and the laryngeal aper- ture was very glandular, That aperture was simple and terminated posteriorly by two retroverted spines; so that it is defended in some degree against regurgitated food as well as from that which is swal- lowed.
«The cesophagus is continued down to the stomach of uniform ample width (its diameter being ¢rds of an inch) without any dilatation or ingluvies, as in the true Rasorial birds. Its termination for about 3ths of an inch is occupied by the zone of gastric glands, forming the proventriculus, which does not deviate in capacity or course from
4.
the rest of the gullet. The gastric follicles are simple, elongated and rather flattened. The gizzard is small and weak in its parietes, resembling that of the Zoucan. Its length is 1 inch 4 lines; its greatest diameter 10 lines. ‘The lateral tendons are distinct, and the narrower portion beyond the pylorus has the strongest muscu- lar coat, which, however, does not exceed at this part 4rd of a line in thickness.
«‘ The capacity of a gizzard of this structure is obviously one reason why a crop or reservoir is not required: where the muscu- lar parietes encroach upon the digestive cavity, so as only to allow small portions of food to enter at a time for the purpose of under- going trituration, then a crop is as necessary to the gizzard as the hopper to amill. It is also required in some of the most carni- vorous birds to enable them to glut themselves with portions of their prey when too bulky to be borne away entire, and thus to carry off more than the true digestive cavity can contain. But in birds which, like the Toucans, the Hornbiills, the Parrots, and the Touracos, live amidst abundance of nutriment, and that of easy digestion, a superadded cavity to act as a reservoir, or to submit the food to maceration previous to its entering upon the digestive pro- cess, appears unnecessary.
«The intestinal canal in the Touraco has a similar affinity to that of the tribes of Birds above mentioned, being short, ample and without ceca. It measured twice the length of the bird from the end of the bill tothe vent. A small pyloric canal intervenes between the gizzard and duodenum, and opens into the latter upona valvular prominence. The duodenum suddenly dilates, and has a diameter of half an inch; but I am doubtful whether this is natural, as it was, in the present instance, distended with T@nie, which had per- forated it in some places, and probably caused the death of the bird. The fold of the duodenum is 3 inches long, including a narrow bi- lobed pancreas. The intestine gradually diminishes in diameter to within 5 inches of the cloaca, when it suddenly dilates, and this portion has the usual disposition and course of the rectum in birds.
«“ The liver was composed, as usual, of two lobes. There was a gall-bladder, of an elongated form, with the cystic duct continued from the end furthest from the intestine. The mode of termination of the biliary and pancreatic ducts I was uvable to determine, owing to the morbid adhesions caused by the irritation of the Tenia.
« The testes were small. The kidneys and supra-renal glands were of the usual structure. |
«From the affinity pointed out by Cuvier between the Touraco and the Curassows, | examined carefully the structure of the trachea, so remarkable for its convolutions in the latter family of birds. It was, however, continued straight to the inferior /arynx, and was connected to the furculwm only by a slight aponeurosis: the sterno-tracheal muscles, a single pair, were strong in proportion to the size of the bird. ‘The rings of the trachea were of a flattened form, gradually diminishing in size towards the lower extremity of the tube. The lungs were of the usual form and structure, and the
“eas
5
air-cells apparently not extending along the neck, or beyond the abdominal cavity, except to penetrate the osseous system; but of this I cannot speak with safety, as the bird was skinned before I dis- sected it.
“« The eye of the Touraco is large, measuring 7 lines in lateral diameter, The Jens is very convex posteriorly, and its capsule is attached to a narrow marsupium.
« The clavicles were united, forming an os furcatorium; but they were extremely weak, and yielded with facility at the point of union. The keel of the sternum was of moderate size, its greatest depth being to the length of the sternum as 1 to 4, The posterior mar- gin of the sternum has two notches on either side of the keel, as in the Toucan; the lateral ones extending along two thirds the length of the sternum, the mesial ones about one third.
“ After this detail it is scarcely necessary to observe that in all the important points of the internal structure the Touraco manifests close relationship to the Scansorial order, and a marked deviation from the typical structure of the Rasores, in which the superadded lateral dilatations of the alimentary tube, the crop and ceca, are so largely developed.
‘‘ The same affinity is also shown in the nature of its parasitic worms,—the Tcenie belonging to the species jfiliformis of Ru- dolphi, so remarkable for the length and tenuity of the body, and which has hitherto been met with only in the Pszttacide.
“1 had an opportunity in this instance of witnessing very satis- factorily the mode of generation of the Tenia. Many separate joints were found in the track of the intestines, which, when viewed under the lens, were seen full of ova. Each of these joints contained from thirty to thirty-three ova, of a subglobular form, and a sur- face rendered irregular by minute asperities. ‘The posterior joints of the unbroken worms were similarly distended, and readily sepa- rated.
« This division of the body approximates to the fissiparous mode of generation; but as the joints are merely the capsules of the ova, it is more strictly analogous to the mode of generation in the Lernee and Entomostraca.”
January 28, 1834. William Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.
A preparation was exhibited of the stomach of Semnopithecus Maurus, F. Cuv., presented to the Society by G. H. Garnett, Esq. It was brought under the notice of the Meeting for the purpose of showing that there exists in that Monkey the extremely elongated and sacculated form of the viscus, which was first described by M. Otto, as occurring in Semn. leucoprymnus, and which was subse- quently exhibited by Mr. Owen, at the Meeting of June 1], 1833, (Proceedings, Part. I. p. 74.) as obtaining also in the only two spe- cies of the genus which he had then examined, the Semn. Entel- lus, F. Cuv., and the Semn. fascicularis, Raffl.,—a structure which he afterwards described and figured in the ‘Transactions’ (vol. i. p- 65, pll. 9 and 10). Mr. Owen’s impression that this remark- able modification of the stomach is a generic peculiarity, receives confirmation from its occurrence in the first previously unexamined species which has been dissected within the Society's reach since the publication of his remarks.
-An extensive series of Eulime, chiefly from the collection of Mr. Cuming, was exhibited, and the following account by Mr. G. B. Sowerby of the genus and of the characters of the several species was read.
Genus Eutima, Risso.
Testa turrita, acuminata, polita, anfractibus plurimis ; apertura ovata, posticé acuminata ; labio externo subincrassato, varices ob- soletos frequentes, subsecundos, plerumque efformante: operculo corneo, tenui, nucleo antico.
This genus of marine Shells appears to be most nearly related to Pyramidella and Rissoa. A species which has been long known has had the appellation of Turbo politus among British Linnean writers; and a fossil species has been placed by Lamarck among the Bulini, under the specific name of Bul. terebellatus. There are two distinctly marked divisions of the genus, which are cha- racterized by the two species above mentioned ; one has a solid columella, and the other is deeply umbilicated. All the species are remarkable for a brilliant polish externally, and the shells are fre- quently slightly and somewhat irregularly twisted, apparently in consequence of the very obsolete varices following each other in an irregular line, principally on one side, from the apex toward the aperture. Several recent species are British, and the fossil species are found in the calcaire grossier near Paris.
* Perforate. EvuLIMA SPLENDIDULA. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, brun- nescente, prope suturas albo castaneoque articulatd ; umbilico mag- no; aperturd anticé angulatd : long. 1°45, lat. 0-6 poll,
Conch. Illustr., f. 7. ; Hab. ad Sanctam Elenam Americe Meridionalis,
7
A single specimen of this brilliant shell was dredged in sandy mud at from six to eight fathoms’ depth.-—G. B. S.
Evrima Marmorata. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, albido brunneoque marmoratd ; anfractibus paululiim rotundatis ; um- bilico magno, patplo ; apertura antice angulatd: long. 0°85, lat. 0°4: poll.
Conch, Illustr., f. 8. _
Hab.
A single specimen was in the collection of the late G. Humphrey.
—G. B.S.
Eutima interrupta. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidalz, albi- cante, ad varices brunneo maculata ; umbilico mediocri ; aperturd anticé angulatd: long. 0°7, lat. 0°25 poll.
Conch. Illustr., f. 11.
Hab. in America Centrali.
Dredged in coarse sand, at from eleven to thirteen fathoms, in the
Gulf of Nocoiyo.—G. B. S.
Evra impricata. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, albidd, longitudinaliter spadiceo lineata ; anfractibus infra angulatis, prominentibus ; umbilico parvo; aperturd anticé angulatd: long. 0°8, at. 0:25 poll.
Conch. Ilustr., f. 4.
Hab. ad Sanctam Elenam Americe Meridionalis.
Dredged in sandy mud in from six to eight fathoms.— G. B.S.
Evurima srunnes. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, brunned; anfractibus rotundatis ; umbilico parvo ; aperturd anticé rotundatd : long. 0°6, lat. 0-2 poll. i
Conch. Tllustr., f. 9.
Hab, ad Insulam Haynan dictam, in mare Sinensi.
7 ig specimens were in the late G. Humphrey’s collection — ** Imperforate.
Evima Brevis. Eul. testa brevi, acuminatd, hyalind ; varicibus subsecundis ; aperturd antic rotundatd : long. 0°4, lat. 0'15 poll.
Conch. Illustr., f. 15.
Hab. ad Insulas Oceani Pacifici.
ic ns on the Mother-of-pearl Shells at Lord Hood's Island.—
“BS:
Eutima uastata. Eul..testd breviusculd, albd, prope apicem testaced ; aperturd ovatd, margine laterali anticdque subangulatis : long. 0-7, te 02, poll.
Conch. IIlustr., f. 10.
Hab. ad Sanctam Elenam.—G. B. S.
Euuima Magor. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, opacd, lacted ; labio eaterno subarcuato: long. 1°6, lat, 0'4 poll.
Conch. Illustr., ff. 1. 1*. 1**,
Hab. ad Insulam Tahiti.
The largest specimen was found in coral sand on the reefs.—
G, BS. ‘Eutima Lasiosa. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, latiusculd .
8
anfractibus subrotundatis ; aperturd brevi, labio externo postice dilatato: long. 0°7, lat. 0-3 poll.
Conch. Illustr., f. 2.
Hab, ad Insulam Annaa Oceani Pacifici.
Found in fine coral sand.—G. B. S.
Eutima ANGLICA. Turbo politus, Mont., Test. Brit. Conch. Illustr., f. 5.
EuLIMA suBANGULATA. Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, tenut, opacd, albd ; anfractu ultimo antic? subangulato : long. 0°7, lat. 0-2 poll.
Conch. Illustr., f. 3.
Hab. ad littora maris Indici.
A few specimens were among the late G. Humphrey’s stores, la-
belled E. 1.—G. B.S.
Euuima pusitia, Eul. testd acuminato-pyramidali, tenui, hya- lind, alba ; anfractibus longiusculis: long. 0:3, lat. 0:05, poll.
Conch. Illustr., f. 6.
Hab. ad Sanctam Elenam Americ Meridionalis.
Variat omnino fusca.—G. B. S.
Eutma ArticuLata, Eul, testé acuminato-pyramidali, alba, Jusco articulatd et marmoratd ; anfractibus subrotundatis; varici- bus subprominulis ; labio externo crassiusculo: long.0'9, lat.0:25 oll. eh, Illustr., f. 12. _ Hab, ad littora Australie. This species is remarkable for the dark coloration immediately anterior to each varix.—G. B.S.
Euitma varians. Eul. testd subfusiformi, acuminatd, tenui,
coloribus varid ; aperturd oblongd : long. 0°5, lat. 0:15 poll.
Conch. Illustr., f. 14.
Hab, ad Xipixapi Americe Meridionalis.
Two specimens were collected in sandy mud by Mr. Cuming, one of which is white, the other dark brown: several others were among G. Humphrey’s stores, some of which are white, others are marked with brown lines and mottled.—G. B. S.
Eutima uineata, Eul, testd fusiformi, tenui, albd, lineis fuscis duabus spiralibus ; aperturd oblongd: long. 07, lat. 0-1 poll,
Conch. Illustr , f, 13.
Hab.
Several specimens of this were in G. Humphrey’s collection, marked “ Spira lineata, Weymouth, M.P.”: these two last letters stand for Musi Portlandici. 1 make no further remark, save that it appears to have been published by Da Costa under the name of ‘Turbo glaber.—G. B. S.
Euuima acura. Eul. testd turrito-acutd, albd ; anfractibus duo- decim levibus, suturis obsoletis ; varicibus sparsis: long. 04, lat. 0°05 poll.
Hab. in America Centrali. (Bay of Montiji.)
Found in coarse sand at a depth of thirteen fathoms.—G. B. S.
February 11,1834. Joseph Sabine, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Extracts were read from a letter addressed to the Secretary by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z.S., and dated Nepal, July 13, 1833. It conveyed the thanks of the writer for the present to him on the part of the Society of an illustrative series of skins of Bards; and, referring to the mortality among the living Birds and Qua- drupeds forwarded by him for the Society’s Menagerie, it expressed a hope that a subsequent attempt would be more successful.
Portions were exhibited of the viscera of a Capybara, Hydroche- vus Capybara, Erxl., taken from an individual which recently died in the Society’s Menagerie. ‘They consisted of the stomach, the enormous cecum, and the fauces. In calling the attention of the Meeting to the latter parts, Mr. Owen availed himself of the oppor- tunity to demonstrate the structure first observed in them by Mr. Morgan, by whom it has been described and figured in the lately published Part of the ‘Linnean Transactions’. The constriction of the hinder part of the soft palate, which prevents any but minutely divided substances from passing into the pkarynx, and which was first observed in the Capybdara, is found in many other Rodents, but does not obtain in the whole of the animals of that order.
Various preparations were exhibited of the Rhea, Rhea Ameri- cana, Vieill., and of the Cassowary, Casuarius Emeu, Lath. They were brought under the notice of the Society by Mr. Martin, who, at the request of the Chairman, read his notes of the dissections of these birds. They agreed generally with the descriptions published by Sir Everard Home in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions.’
Mr. Martin also exhibited a preparation of aneurism of the aorta, obtained from a brown Coati, Nasua_ fusca, F. Cuv., sent to the So- ciety for post mortem examination by J. H. Lance, Esq. He stated that this disease appeared to be rare among Quadrupeds, no previ- ous instance of it having occurred to him among more than a hun- dred individuals of various orders which he had dissected within the last few years.
A preparation was exhibited of a young common Macaque Monkey, Macacus cynomolgus, LaCép., which was born at the Gardens on the morning of the 25th January, but was dead when first noticed by the keeper. It is the first instance that has occurred in the Society's Menagerie of the birth of any Monkey of the Old Continent.
The reading was concluded of a Paper entitled “A few Remarks No. XIV. Procexpines oF THE ZOOLOGICAL Socrery,
10
tending to illustrate the Natural History of two Annulose Genera, namely Urania of Fabricius and Mygale of Walckeniier: by W.S. MacLeay, Esq.”
Adverting in the first place to the doubts which prevail among entomologists as to the true situation in nature of the genus Urania, Mr. MacLeay proceeds to contribute towards the elucidation of the problem, the history of one species which appears to him to be possibly new. He characterizes it as
Urania Fernanpin&®. Ur. alis nigris, anticis utringue lineis
transversis auro-viridibus supra undecim, septimd bifidd, subtus sex humeralibus latis, septimd bifidd, octavd longissimd trifidd; reliquis apicalibus filiformibus ; posticis supra fascid haud ser- ratd et lineis octo brevibus lateralibus transversis auro-viridibus.
Exp. alarum 4—4+ unc.
Hab. in Cuba,
Mr. MacLeay describes in great detail the perfect insect, and points out, as far as printed descriptions and figures exhibit them, (he having at present no access to cabinets,) the marks which di- stinguish Ur. Sloanus, Godart, and Ur. Boisduvalii, Guér., from the Cuban species. He conceives, however, from the many variations that he discovers in it, that this insect may be merely a variety of Ur. Sloanus, to which species Ur. Boisduvalii may also possibly be referred as a small variety.
The coast of Cuba, in every open sandy part of it, is girt imme- diately above the coral reefs by a copse belt, close and nearly im- penetrable, composed of almost one species of tree, the sea-side Grape, Coccoloba wvifera, Linn. At the base of this belt grow vari- ous Euphorbiacee and Convolvuli ; and behind it the parched sand supports many sea-side shrubs, including Palms, Cesalpinie, Cacti, &c., festooned with the flowers of Convolvuli, Echites, and other — climbing plants: the leaves are studded with small terrestrial shells, and large sea-shells, brought from their original element by the singular Paguri which have usurped them, cluster round the short stunted trunks.
Among the shrubs of these sands the most interesting is Ompha- lea triandra, the cob or hog-nut of Jamaica, a Euphorbiaceous plant, but affording a most delicious and wholesome kernel: its upper leaves are large, heart-shaped, and thick, having a leathery texture and scabrous pale green surface; the young leaves and those of young plants have the same texture and colour, but differ remarkably in form, being deeply incised, with their divisions long and narrow, particularly the middle one, and all more or less den- tated on the sides. On the upper side of the entire leaves of this shrub torpidly reposes during the day, under a transparent web which protects it from the powerful rays of the sun, a caterpillar, which at night becomes active and greedily strips the Omphalea of its foliage: this is the Jarva of Ur, Fernandine.
The egg of this insect may be found, throughout the whole of the spring, glued to the tender incised leaves of the Omphalea, scarcely ever more than two being attached to a single leaf: it has a pearly
1]
justre and a pale green colour, sometimes turning to yellow; and varies in shape from an ovate to an oblate spheroid. A circular space on its summit is smooth, and from hence proceed about twenty-four longitudinal ribs, the intervals between which are crossed by obsolete size.
The young /arva is of the same colour with the egg, is marked by seven longitudinal black lines of hairs, and has a dirty yellowish head. When fully grown it is cylindrical, is without hinder pro- tuberance on the penultimate segment, and has the more usual six- teen feet: it rarely rolls itself into a ring. Its head is sessile and red, with usually nearly twenty black spots, several of which seem to be tolerably constant; the maadibles are black. The prothorax is velvety black, with a white dorsal line and two or three white irregular spots at the sides; but the proportion of white varies, and there is sometimes a slight red spot on the back of the segment. The body varies from pale yellowish green to a flesh colour, with five paler longitudinal lines, of which the middle one is dorsal: the false feet are somewhat paler than the body; the true feet are red. The mesothoracic segment is rarely spotted, but all the others are often marked more or less with black spots. The spiracles are usually black. Each segment is furnished with about six hairs, which are white, .and nearly one fifth as long as the whole body.
The pupa is not at all angular, but is rather gaily coloured; it is of a yellowish brown, with the thorax paler and the wings darker. The head is rounded and is marked, as well as the mesothoraz, with several black spots; on the latter these are interspersed with points: the abdominal segments are each marked transversely with numer- ous black linear dots. The position of the pupa is horizontal, in an oval cocoon composed of a loose dirty-yellow silk, (with meshes so few and so lax as to allow the inmate to be readily seen,) and spun about withered or dead leaves.
The perfect insect is truly diurnal, swift in its flight, mounting high in the air, and travelling inland for two or three leagues, where it haunts gardens in great numbers, By far the greater number, however, remain on the sea-shore, sporting about the leaves of the Coccoloba wvifera, unless when depositing their eggs on the Ompha- lea. Its habit of frequenting the Coccoloba induced Mr. MacLeay to search long in vain for its Jarva on that tree. When it alights, all the four wings are expanded horizontally, and rarely, if ever, take a vertical position.
Mr. MacLeay concludes this portion of his paper by referring to Madame Merian’s description of the metamorphosis of Ur. Leilus, and to her figure of its Jarva; both of which he regards as unworthy of credit. He then passes to her account of a bird-catching Spider.
The story of a Spider which catches and devours birds had, Mr, MacLeay believes, its origin with Madame Merian. Oviedo, Labat, and Rochefort make no mention of any Spider as possessing such habits, the two latter writers going no further than the statement that in the Bermudas there exists one which makes nets of so strong a construction as to entangle small birds. Madame Merian, however,
12
went the length of asserting that one Spzder not only caught, but devoured small birds; and figured the Mygale avicularia, Walcken., in the act of preying on a Humming-bird. Now the Mygale does not spin a net, but resides in tubes under ground, and in all its movements keeps close to the earth; while Humming-birds never perch except on branches. The food of Mygale consists of Julz, Porcelliones, subterranean Achet@a, and Biatte: a living Humming- bird and a small Anolis, placed in one of its tubes, were not only not eaten by the Spider, but the latter actually quitted its hole, which it left in possession of the intruders. The largest Spider of the West Indies that spins a geometrical web is the Nephila clavipes, Leach; and its net may perhaps, occasionally, be strong enough to arrest the smaller among the Humming-birds : but it is not likely that the Spider would eat the birds. A small species of Spheriodactylus, Cuv., introduced into one of these nets, was enveloped in the usual man- ner by the Spider; but as soon as the operation was completed, the Spider lost no time in cutting the line and allowing her prisoner to fall to the ground. Mr. MacLeay consequently disbelieves the existence of any hird-catching Spider.
The Paper was accompanied throughout by numerous notes, in- cluding observations on many subjects adverted to by the author; such as the habits of the Jand-Crabs of Cuba; a description of the grey Lizard of the coast, apparently a species of Agama; &c. They also included an account of two species of Spheriodactylus, Cuv., which are characterized as follows:
SPHERIODACTYLUS CINEREUS. Spher. caudd corporis longitudine ; totus cinereus, translucidus, capite flaviori, apice roseo ; sqguamis dorsalibus punctis minutissimis nigris aspersis.
Long. tot. 23 unc. This may possibly be the small house Lizard of Browne’s Jamaica.
SPH#RIODACTYLUS ELEGANS, Spher. fasciis dorsalibus transversis nigris 14; capite cceruleo-cinereo, subtis nigro-fasciato ; dorso subviridi ; caudd rubrd, corpore breviore ; ventre cinereo.
Long. tot. 14 une.
Both these Lizards are very common in houses in Cuba, occur- ring among books or wherever they can find shelter. They have bright eyes, are pretty and very harmless, and come out of their corners in rainy weather, declaring war against everything in the shape of a fly or musquitoe.
The Paper was also accompanied by drawings of the egg, larva, and pupa of Urania Fernandine, which were exhibited. :
h—_ is)
February 25, 1834. Lieut.-Col. Sykes in the Chair.
A letter was read, addressed to the Secretary by M. W. Bojer, Corr. Memb. Z.S., and dated Mauritius, Nov. 15, 1833. It referred principally to the animal from Madagascar, which was transmitted in the spring of last year to the Society by the late Mr. Telfair, and which was brought by Mr. Bennett on April 9, 1833, (Pro- ceedings, Part I. p. 46,) under the notice of the Society as the type of a new genus, for which he proposed the name of Crypto- procta, on account of its possessing an anal pouch, and being thereby distinguishable from Paradoxurus, F. Cuv. One of the habits of the Cryptoprocta ferox indicated, during the life of the animal, the existence of this pouch: when violently enraged, and it was apt to become exceedingly ferocious on the sight of a morsel of flesh, “it frequently gratified the persons present with, not an odoriferous, but a most disagreeable smell, very like that of Mephitis.” When its voracity was not thus excited, it was ‘quite domesticated and extremely fond of playing with children,” and ran ‘about the house and yard free and sprightly, eating everything.” When at liberty ‘it lay constantly in a rolling posture;” in confinement its sleep- ing position was not that of the Viverre, “but always on its side, or even on its back, holding with its fore-feet the small wires of its cage.” “It died of epileptic fits, which tormented it for nearly three months, and during the last few days of its existence the at- tacks were very strong and frequent.” It had lived in the Mauri- tius, M. Bojer states, about twenty-five months; and he feels on this account some hesitation as to the immature condition of its dentary system, inquiring whether “this period was not sufficient for its developement, or were the detention and domestication the cause of the imperfection?”
With reference to this inquiry, Mr. Bennett remarked that in the Viverride generally the replacement of the milk teeth takes place at a comparatively late period of existence, a fact recorded by Mr. Gray in the ‘ Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence’ of this Society (Part II., p.65), and principally in- sisted on as regards Paradoxurus, a genus most intimately allied to Cryptoprocta. He added, that the fits of which the animal died were not improbably occasioned by the irritation of dentition.
Mr. Bennett’s account of Cryptoprocta ferox, with a figure of the animal, will be published in the Second Part of the Society’s ¢‘Trans- actions.’
The reading was commenced of a Paper, entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of New Species of Calyptraide: by W. J. Broderip, Esq.” ; and the Shells described in it, chiefly obtained from the collection of
14
-Mr. Cuming, were exhibited. The abstract of this Paper, in- cluding the characters of the new species, will be given on the completion of the reading of it.
Mr, Owen read a Paper “On the Anatomy of the Calyptreide.” After referring to the account given by Cuvier of the anatomy of Crepidula, to that by M. Deshayes of Calyptrea, and to M. Lesson’s of Crepipatella, as elucidating the general plan of organization in this family, he proceeds to describe the structure of Calypeopsis.
The anatomy of this genus agrees very nearly with that of the before-known genera of the family, scarcely differing, except in the comparative extent of the locomotive and respiratory systems; but Mr. Owen has been enabled to add to the labours of his predeces- sors an account of the testis, anda description of the salivary glands, The ¢estis is lodged in a membranous chamber, and consists of a glandular part of a light brown colour, and of a fibrous texture when seen under the lens; though, from analogy, the apparent fibres are no doubt seminal tubes. By the side of the testis there is a bag, or vesicula seminalis, appropriated to receive the secretion, which communicates with the termination of the oviduct posterior to the anus; the anus being situated on the right side of the branchial orifice, anterior to the ¢estis, which here separates it from the ovi- duct. Between the ¢estis and the process on the right side of the neck (regarded by Cuvier as the penis,) Mr. Owen has been unable to trace any communication: he feels, consequently, convinced that if this process forms part of the male generative system, it is to be regarded rather as an exciting than an intromittent organ. The salivary apparatus consists of two elongated follicles with glandular parietes, occupying the neck on either side of the @so- phagus, anterior to the nervous collar, and opening into the a@sopha- gus on each side of the base of the lingual plate.
After passing in review the several systems, Mr. Owen concludes by remarking on the internal chamber or cup which exists in the shells of this family. He regards it as being necessitated by the greater extent of the locomotive powers in Calyptrea than in Pa- tella; a calcareous plate being interposed between the viscera and the foot to protect them from the pressure to which they would otherwise be exposed during the comparatively extensive and fre- quent contractions of the latter organ. As respiration has a direct relation to locomotion, the Calyptreide approach towards the higher marine univalves in the organs dedicated to that function. Throughout the family the extent of the respiratory lamina is found to correspond with the extent of the internal shell, and with the extent and organization of the foot.
Numerous specimens were exhibited of Birds collected in North America, principally in the United States, by George Folliott, Esq., and presented by him to the Society. At the request of the Chair- man, Mr. Gould brought. them severally under the notice of the Meeting. His principal object being to illustrate, so far as these
‘15
birds were concerned, the geographical distribution of allied or identical-species, he directed his observations chiefly to the deter- mination of those North American Birds which seemed to him to be referrible to European species, and of those which, having been generally considered as identical with European, appeared, on di- rect comparison, to present differences in form and colouring.
The common Turnstone of Europe, Strepsilas collaris, Temm., appears to be not only identical with the Turnstone of North Ame. rica, but to be spread, without any tangible variation, over almost every portion of the globe. The Sanderling, Calidris arenaria, Temm., and the Knot, Tringa Canutus, Linn., are also identical in both continents ; as is the great white Heron or Egret, Ardea Egretta, Temm. The common Tern or Sea-Swallow of England, Sterna Hirundo, Linn., occurs equally in North America, The common Crow, Corvus Corone, Linn., is also identical in both continents.
With respect to the Whimbrel, Numenius pheopus, Temm., and the little Sandpiper, Tringa Temminckii, Mr. Gould stated himself to be unable to determine as to their identity without the compari- son of more specimens from America than he had yet been able to obtain for the purpose of examination.
The Cross-bill of North America Mr. Gould showed to be very distinct from that of Europe, the Loxia curvirostra, Linn.; it is one third less in all its proportions, and is somewhat less brilliant in colouring. The Ring Dottrel of North America is also specifically distinct from that of Europe, the Charadrius Hiaticula, Linn.; in- dependently of differences in admeasurement, its semipalmated foot will always serve to distinguish it.
In addition to the Birds that have been already mentioned, Mr. Folliott’s collection contained a series of the Sylviadc of the United States, several Fly-catchers, the Orphea rufa, &c., &c.
Mr. Gray exhibited specimens of the shelly covering of a Radiated animal, allied to the Echinide and the Asteriide, which he regarded as the type of a new genus, and for which he proposed the name of ‘
GANYMEDA.
Corpus hemisphzricum, depressum; depressione dorsi centrali quadrangulari.
Os inferum, centrale.
Anus nullus:
Ambulacra nulla. °
‘«« The body is hemispherical, depressed, thin, chalky and hollow.
“ The back is rounded, rather depressed, flattened behind, with a rather sunk quadrangular central space.
«The sides are covered with sunken angular cavities with a small round ring, having an oblong transverse subcentral hole in their base.
“ The under side is small, rather concave, with five slight sloping elevations from the angles of the mouth to the angles of the rather pentagonal margin, The edge is simple.
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“The mouth is central. The vent none.
‘* The cavity is simple.
“The parietes are thin and minutely dotted, and the centre of the dorsal disc is pellucid.
‘«« This genus is very nearly allied to the fossil described by Dr. Goldfuss in his beautiful work on Petrifactions, under the name of Glenotremites paradoxus (tab. 49, f. 9. and t.51.f. 1.), with which it agrees in external appearance and form, in the possession of a sunken space on its upper surface, and in having only a single in- ferior pentagonal mouth. It differs from Glenotremites by being un- furnished with ambulacra running from the angle of the mouth to the margin, by being unprovided with conical cavities between those near the mouth, and by having in the flattened disc on the back a central quadrangular impression instead of the pentagonal star of that genus.
“Dr. Goldfuss describes the glenoid cavities on the surface as giving attachment to spines similar to those of the Turban Echini, ( Cidaris, Lam.),and states that the under surface is covered with very small tubercles to which he believes spines were attached. The cavities on the surface of Ganymeda and the pits in them have very much the form of those figured by Dr. Goldfuss in his fossil, but I cannot regard them as being fitted for the attachment of spines: they have much more resemblance to the mouths of cells. So great, indeed, is this resemblance, that I entertained doubts whether the whole mass might not be a congeries of cells like the Lunulites, rather than the case of a single body, until I considered that it was impossible, from its form, that it could increase in size with the growth of the animal, and that its exceeding regularity proved that it must be the formation of a single creature.
“I am induced to consider these two genera, though differing in the above-stated particulars, as forming a family or order between the Echinide and the Asteriide; allied to the latter in having only a single opening to the digestive canal, and agreeing with the former in form and consistence, but differing from it in not being composed of many plates.
“<I only know two specimens of this genus, which I believe were found on the coast of Kent, as I discovered them mixed with a quan- tity of Discopora Patina which I collected several years ago from
Juci and shells on that coast. The specimens are 4 of an inch in diameter.
“I propose to call the species Ganymeda pulchella.”
a7
March 11, 1834. William Spence, Esq., in the Chair.
Specimens and drawings were exhibited of a freshwater Tortoise, forming part of the collection of Mr. Bell, by whom it was described as the type of a new genus, for which he proposed the name of
CycLemys.
Siernum latum, testam dorsalem longitudine feré aquans, inte- grum, solidum ; teste dorsali ligamento squamato connexum.
Cyciemys orsicunara. Cycl. iestd suborbiculari, carinatd, postic?
dentatd, fused ; scutis sterni flavescentibus, fusco radiatim lineatis.
Long. dorsi, 8 unc. ; lat. 7; alt. 3.
Emys orbiculata, Beil.
Pullus. Emys Dhor, Gray, Syn. Rept., p. 20.?
Hab. in India.
Mr. Bell regards the Tortoise which he has thus characterized as supplying a link in the connecting series of the land with the fresh- water families which has hitherto been wanting ; and as especially valuable in the natural arrangement, by the clue which it furnishes to the correct location of the Indian forms of the genus Emys. Itis, indeed, most nearly related to Emys spinosa, and on a superficial ob- servation might almost be referred to that species ; but on closer examination it is found to differ from that Tortoise, not only specifi- cally, but generically also : its sternal bones are permanently sepa- rated from the dorsal ones, with which they are connected by means of a ligament alone, similar to that which performs the same office in Terrapene. From the Box- Tortoises, however, to which, in this point of its structure, it is so closely related, Cyclemys is altogether distinct, the whole of its sternum being entire, instead of having, as is invari- ably the case in Terrapene, one or more transverse divisions of the sternum itself, the lobes of which move as ona hinge. In Terr. Europea this mobility of the sternum exists in each lobe in a small degree, combined with the ligamentous connexion of the sternal to the dorsal bones. In Cyclemys the whole sternum moves together, though very slightly.
The transition from the land to the freshwater Tortoises may con- sequently be regarded as commencing in Terrapene ; passing through Terr. Europea to Cyclemys orbiculata ; and thence through the In- dian forms of Emys, which so closely resemble the latter species, to the other forms of Emys: the natural series of connexion between the Testudinide and the Emydide@ being thus completed.
_ The exhibition was resumed of the new species of Shells contained in the collection of Mr. Cuming. Those now exhibited were accom-
No, XV. ProcreEpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
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panied by characters by Mr. G, B. Sowerby, and consisted of species and varieties additional to those previously characterized by Mr. Bro- derip, (Proceedings, Part I. p. 52.) of the
Genus Conus.
Conus Atcornsis. Con. testd tenuiusculd, subcylindraced, levi, fused, fascii unied seu fasciis duabus interruptis albis ; spird brevi, subrotundatd, albo fuscoque articulatd : long. 1"15, lat. 0°55 poll. ate
Hab. ad littora Africee Meridionalis.
Found on the sands at Algoa Bay.—G. B. S.
Conus Auuicus. Var. roseus. Testa formd et staturd Con. Aulico omnind simillimd, maculis irregulariter subtrigonis, roseis, Hab, ad Insulam Annaa. This, the most beautiful variety of Con. Aulicus, is found on the coral reefs around the Island of Annaa or Chain Island.—G. B. S.
Conus NussatTe.ua.
Var. tenuis. Testd tenui, albd, flavicante nebulatd, punctulis fuscis
transverse seriatim dispositis ; striis transversis tenuissimis.
Hab. ad Insulam Annaa,
Found on the coral reefs.
This variety differs in being more slender, much thinner, more pro- duced at the spiral end, and wider anteriorly, from the ordinary va- riety. Its transverse stri@ are, moreover, very fine, and its brown specks much more distant and regular.—G, B. 3.
Conus rENDINEUS.
Var. granulosus. Testa formd et staturd omnind Con. tendinei, striis transversis confertis granulosis.
Hab, ad Insulam Annaa.
Found on the coral reefs.—G. B. S.
Conus Luzonicus.
Var. Testa forma et staturd omnino Con. Luzonici, fusco-nigricante, fascia interruptd mediand carulescente-albidd, anticé albido va- rid.
Hab. ad Insulas Gallapagos.
Found in the clefts of rocks at low water.
A specimen of the more usual variety, which accompanies these,
shows the epidermis.—G. B. S.
Conus BRuNNEUS, Wood. Con. testd turbinatd, crassd, coronatd, fused, maculis albis transverse fasciatim dispositis ; spird subpromi- nuld, albo fuscogue maculatd, spiraliter sulcatd, tuberculis magnis ; basi lineis elevatis, subgranosis: long. 1°8, lat. \- poll.
Wood, Suppl. pl. 3. f. 1.
Variat testa crassiore, tota fusca, immaculata.
Hab. ad Insulas Gallapagos, ad Puertam Portreram et ad Pana-
mam. Found in the clefts of rocks —G. B. S.
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Conus puncuEetius. Con. testd oblongo-turbinatd, coronuatd, albi- cante roseo tinctd ; superne turgiduld, infra granoso-lineatd ; punctulis nonnullis fuseo-nigricantibus sparsis ; aperturd intés car- ned: long. 1:5, lat, 0°8 poll.
Hab. ad littora occidentalia Australie.
From Freemantle.—G. B. S.
Conus Diapema. Con. testd turbinatd, levi, crassd, coronatd, fuscd, fascid angustd mediand pallidiore ; spird subdepressd, tuberculis magnis, albis ; apice mucronato ; basi lineis elevatiusculis nonnul- lis ; aperturd intis purpureo-albicante : long, 1°7, lat. 1+ poll.
Hab. ad Insulas Gallapagos.
Found in the clefts of the rocks at low water.—G. B. S.
Conus rerruearus. Con. testd acuminato-conicd, levi, albd, maculis longitudinalibus punctisque seriatim dispositis ferrugineis ; spird subacuminatd, albd, ferrugineo maculatd ; basi sulcatd : long. 1-7, lat. 0°8 poll.
Hab. ad Sinum Californie et apud Insulam Guaymas,
This differs much from Con. monilifer in its proportions.—G. B. S.
Conus Reeaxiraris. Con. testdturbinatd, levi, crassiusculd, superne ventricosd, spadiced, maculis punctulisque albo-ceerulescentibus va- rid; spird depressiusculd, spiraliter sulcatd ; basi lineis elevatius- culis paucis, subrugosis : long. 2°, lat. 1°1 poll.
Hab. ad littora Americe Centralis. (Real Llejos.)
Found in the clefts of rocks on sandy mud.
It may be designated Real Llejos or Royalty Cone.—G. B. S.
A specimen was exhibited of the Musk Duck of New Holland, Hydrobates lobatus,'Temm. It had recently been presented to the Society by Lieut. Breton, R.N., Corr. Memb. Z. S., who entered into some particulars respecting its habits. He stated that these birds are so extremely rare, that he saw only thrée of them during his various excursions, which extended over twelve hundred miles of country. He has never heard of any instance in which more than two were seen together. They are met with only on the rivers, and in pools Jeft in the otherwise dry beds of streams. It is extremely difficult to shoot them, on account of the readiness with which they dive; the instant the trigger is drawn, the bird is under water.
Some observations by Dr. Hancock on the Lantern-fly and other Insects of Guiana were read.
The writer concurs with M. Richard and M. Sieber in regarding as erroneous the statement of Madame Merian, that the Lantern-fly, Fulgora lanternaria, Linn., exhibits at night a brilliant light, and remarks that the whole of the native tribes of Guiana agree in treating this story as fabulous : it seems to be an invention of Europeans de- sirous of assigning a use to the singular diaphanous projection, re- sembling a horn lantern, in front of the head of the insect. He also states that the Fulgore rarely sing.
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The insect whose song is most frequently heard in Guiana is the Ci- cada clarisona, the Aria-aria of the Indians, and Razor-grinder of the Colonists : in the cool shade of the forests it may be heard at almost every hour of the day; but in Georgetown its song commences as the sun disappears below the horizon. At Georgetown this Cicada was never heard in 1804, when Dr. Hancock first visited the place ; but it is now very common, probably in consequence of the shelter afforded by the growth of many trees and shrubs in the gardens which have since been formed there. The sound emitted by it is ‘‘ a long, continuous, shrill tone, which might be compared almost to that of a clarionet, and is little interrupted, except occasionally by some vibrat- ing undulations.”
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March 25, 1834. William Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.
A specimen was exhibited of an Albatross presented to the So- ciety by Lieut. Breton, Corr. Memb. Z. S., whose principal object in calling the attention of the Society to it was to mention that, being unprovided at the time at which the bird was killed with any of the ordinary preserving powder or soap, he had used for its preservation a mixture of Cayenne and black peppers with snuff and salt. The skin, well rubbed with this mixture, was brought through the inter- tropical regions in an ordinary trunk, affording free access to insects, — and arrived in England uninjured. Lieut. Breton conceives that it may be advantageous to collectors to be made aware that the pre- servation of skins can be secured by articles so constantly at hand as those which he employed in this instance.
The exhibition was resumed of the new species of Shells forming part of the collection made by Mr. Cuming on the western coast of South America, and among the islands of the South Pacific Ocean. Those brought on the present evening under the notice of the So- ciety were accompanied by characters by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, and consisted of five species of the
Genus GasTROCHENA.
Gastrocuzna ovata. Gast. testd ovatd, albicante, longitudina- liter striatd, striis exilibus, lamellosis, formam marginis semper sequentibus ; longitudine lateris antici quintam partem teste equante: long. 1:2, lat. 0:7, alt. 0°7 poll.
Hab. in Sinu Panamensi (Isle of Perico,) et ad Insulam Plate.
Found in Spondyli at the Isle of Perico, and in coral rocks, at a
depth of seventeen fathoms, at the Island of Plata.—G. B. S.
Gasrrocua@na TRUNCATA. Gast. testd oblongd, postic? rotundato- truncatd, striatd, sordidé albicante ; epidermide tenui lamellosaé postice tectd ; latere antico brevissimo, subacuminato : long. 1*4, lat. 0°7, alt. O°7 poll.
Hab. in Sinu Panamensi. (Isle of Perico.)
Found in Spondyli.—G. B..S.
Gastrrocuana Brevis. Gast. testd breviter ovatd, tenui, pellucida, striatd, striis ewilissimis ; longitudine lateris antici octavam par- tem test@ aquante ; long. 0°8, lat. 0°5, alt. 0°5 poll.
Hab. ad Insulas Gallapagos et apud Insulam Lord Hood's dictam.
Found in Pearl oysters in from three to seven fathoms.—G. B, S.
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GasTROCHENA RUGULOSA. Gast, testd oblongd, albidd, striatd, ru- gulosd, striis anticis prope marginem hiantem confertis, acutis ; hiatu longissimo ; long. 0°8, lat. 0°3, alt. 04 poll.
Hab. ad Insulas Gallapagos et apud Insulam Lord Hood's dictam,
Found with the last.—G. B. S.
GasrrocuzNa nyaLina. Gast. testd ovali, albidd, hyalind, levi, dorso longitudinaliter striato ; latere antico brevi ; hiatu duos trientes teste aquante: long. 0°55, lat. 0°25, alt. 0-3 poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Lord Hood’s dictam.
Found with the two last.—G. B. S.
A Note was read from Mr. Gray, giving an account of the arrival in England of two living specimens of Cerithium armatum, which had been obtained at the Mauritius, and had been brought from thence in a dry state. That the inhabitants of land Shells will remain alive without moisture for many months is well known: he had tad occa- sion to observe that various marine Mollusca will also retain life in a state of torpidity for a considerable time, some facts in illustration of which he had communicated at a recent Meeting of the Society (Pro-* ceedings, Part I., p. 116.): the present instance included, however, a torpidity of so long a continuance as to induce him to mention it particularly. The animal, though deeply contracted within the shell, was apparently healthy, and beautifully coloured. It emitted a con- siderable quantity of bright green fluid, which stained paper of a grass green colour: it also coloured two or three ounces of pure water. This green solution, after standing for twelve hours in a stoppered bottle, became purplish at the upper part ; but the paper retained its green colour though exposed to the atmosphere.
The Secretary mentioned an instance of the arrival in this country of a living Cerithium Telescopium, Brug., brought from Calcutta, in company with some small Paludina, which also reached England alive : these Moliusca were, however, kept in sea water frequently changed. The Cerithium was placed by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, for dissec- tion, in the hands of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley and G. H. Hoffman, Esq., who have prepared a paper on its anatomy for the forthcoming No. of the ‘ Zoological Journal’ : it will be illustrated by a series of figures, which were exhibited to the Meeting. It is worthy of re- mark, that the spirit in which this animal was immersed for the pur- pose of killing it, and in which it was kept for some weeks, became of a dark verdigris colour.
Dr. Weatherhead exhibited two young Ornithorhynchi preserved in spirit, which he had recently received from New Holland, and stated his intention of presenting one of them to the Society’s Mu- seum. The smallest of them is about two inches in length; the largest about four. Both are destitute of hair; and in both the eye-lids are closed. In the smaller one there is a vestige of an umbilical slit.
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The larger of the two is one of those which were kept in captivity, with their dam, by Lieut. the Hon, Lauderdale Maule, as noticed in a communication read at the Meeting of the Committee of Sci- ence and Correspondence of this Society on September 11, 1832, (Proceedings, Part II. p. 145). With it was exhibited the dried skin of the dam, to which the mammary glands, largely developed, had been left adhering.
A Note from Lieut. Breton, Corr. Memb. Z. S., was read, giving an account of an Echidna, which lived with him for some time in New Holland, and survived a part of the voyage to England. The animal was captured by him on the Blue Mountains : it is now very uncom- mon in the colony of New South Wales. He regards it as being of its size the strongest quadruped in existence. It burrows readily, but he knows not to what depth.
Previously to embarkation this individual was fed on ant-eggs and milk, and when on board its diet was egg chopped small with liver and meat. It drank much water. Its mode of eating was very curi-
ous, the tongue being used at some times in the manner of that of the Chameleon, and at others in that in which a mower uses his scythe, the tongue being curved laterally, and the food, as it were, swept into the mouth: there seemed to be an adhesive substance on the tongue, by which the food was drawn in, The animal died sudden- ly off Cape Horn, while the vessel was amidst the ice ; perhaps in con- sequence of the cold, but not improbably on account of the eggs with which it was fed being extremely bad.
Lieut. Breton agrees with MM. Quoy and Gaimard in believing that little difficulty would be experienced in bringing alive to Europe the Echidna or Porcupine Ant-eater of New Holland. He suggests the following plan.
Previously to embarkation the animal should gradually be weaned from its natural food of ants, which may be done with great facility by giving it occasionally ants and ant-eggs, (the last is, in fact, more properly speaking, its common food,) but more generally milk, with eggs chopped very small, or egg alone. When on board ship it should be kept in a deep box, with strong bars over the top, anda door. It is requisite that the box or cage be deep, because the animal con- stantly tries its utmost to escape ; and possessing very great strength, is liable to injure itself in its exertions to force its way through the bars. The effluvia arising from its excrement are so extremely fetid, that it cannot be kept altogether in a cabin, unless the cage be fre- quently cleaned. While this is being done, the Echidna may be al- lowed its liberty, but must be narrowly watched, or it will certainly go overboard. It is absolutely necessary that the eggs which are to constitute its food during the voyage be as fresh as possible: they can be preserved in lime water. If milk is not to be procured, water must be supplied daily ; and egg and liver (or fresh meat) cut small, should be given at least every alternate day ; but, when the weather will per- mit, it should be fed once a day. Half an egg (boiled hard) and the
24
liver of a fowl or other bird will suffice for a meal. Finally, the ani- mal should be kept warm, and well supplied with clean straw. It will be as well to nail two or three pieces of wood (battens) across the floor of the cage, to prevent the animal from slipping about when the ship is unsteady.
© Lory
April 8, 1834. Dr. Marshall Hall in the Chair.
A Letter was read, addressed to the Secretary by John Hearne, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z. S., dated Port au Prince, Feb. 15, 1834. It accompanied a present to the Society of a pair of the common Goats of Hayti; referred to various Birds which it is the intention of the writer to forward when the season is more advanced ; and gave some particulars of a bird known in-the island by the name of the Musicien, respecting which Mr. Hearne hopes to obtain, in the course of a jour- ney which he projects into the higher lands of the interior, more full information than he at present possesses.
Some extracts were read from a Letter, addressed to Mr. Yarrell by Dr. A. Smith, Corr. Memb. Z. 8., dated Cape Town, Jan. 12, 1834. It refers to the projected expedition from the Cape of Good Hope into the interior of Africa, which it is the intention of the writer to accompany. It is designed to proceed directly northward from Latakoo ; and Dr. Smith anticipates in this new field numerous ad- ditions to his Zoological stores : along the eastern and western coasts he has already penetrated to a considerable distance. Speaking of the Rodentia, so numerous in Southern Africa, he mentions as col- lected by him, in his late visit to Port Natal and the Zoola country, a second species of his genus Dendromys. He also notices a new species of Chrysochloris obtained by him in the same country.
At the request of the Chairman, Mr. Gould exhibited an exten- sive series of Birds of the genus Trogon, Linn., comprising twenty- five species. ‘The greater number of them form part of the Society's Museum, and the others were derived from his own collection.
He pointed out the distinguishing marks of the two sections of the genus, one of which is confined to America, while the other inhabits the Old Continent. He also pointed out among the species exhibited there which he regarded as hitherto undescribed ; these he named and characterized as follows :
TROGON ERYTHROCEPHALUS. Trog. capite guttureque sordide sanguineis, hoc postice strigd alba obsoletd cincto ; pectore ven- treque coccineis ; dorso tectricibusque caud@ superioribus arenaceo- castaneis ; scapularibus aleque tectricibus majoribus nigro alboque flexuosim strigatis.
Foem. Capite guttureque arenaceo-brunneis; torque albo magis quam in mare conspicuo ; scapularibus nigro brunneoque strigatis.
Rostrum brunneum ; mandibularum basis regioque ophthalmica
nuda coccinez.
Long. tot. 12 vel 13 unc.; ale, 5.
Hab. apud Rangoon,
No. XVI.—Procreepines or THE ZooLoaicaL Society,
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Trocon Marasaricus. Tog. capite, gulture, pectoreque,fuli- ginoso-nigris, hoc torque lato albo ; ventre coccineo ; dorso tectri- cibusque caude supertoribus sordide arenaceo-brunneis ; scapulari- bus tectricibusque ale majoribus nigro alboque flecuosim strigatis.
Fom. Capite, dorso, gutture, pectoreque sordidé brunneis 3 ventre luteo ; pectore haud torquato; scapularibus nigro brunneoque strigatis.
Rostrum nigrum ; mandibularum basis regioque ophthalmica nuda
ceerulez.
Long. tot. 11 vel 114 unc.; ale, 5.
Hab. ad littus Malabar dictum.
In both these birds the quill-feathers are black, edged with white ; the three outer tail-feathers on each side black at their base and broadly white at their tips; and the two middle tail-feathers tipped with black, their remaining portion being of a chestnut brown, which in Trog. erythrocephalus is deep, and in Trog. Malabaricus light.
TROGON ELEGANS. Trog. vertice, genis, guttureque nigris $ cervice, dorso, pectoreque metallicé aureo-viridibus, hoc postice torque albo cincto ; ventre saturate coccineo ; scapularibus aleque tectrictbus albo nigrescenti-brunneoque minutissimé flexuosim strigatis, pogo- niis externis lined albd longitudinali notatis.
Foem. Capite, pectore, dorsoque saturate brunnescenti-griseis ; tor- que albo obsoleto ; ventre quam in mari pallidiore.
Rostrum saturaté aurantio-luteum.
Long. tot. 12 unc.; ale, 5; caude, 7.
Hab. apud Guatimala, in Mexico.
The tail is considerably lengthened in the male, and its four middle feathers are bronzed green on the upper surface, and deeply marked with black at the tip; the three outer feathers are white at the tip, and barred to a great extent on their outer edges with alternate lines of black and white, a marking which appears also, though less exten- sively, on their inner edges, the remainder being black : in some spe- cimens this marking of the tail is reduced to an irregular and minute sort of dotting, in place of the bars. In the female the middle tail- feathers are of a dull chestnut, tipped with black, and the three outer feathers much resemble those of the male, but are less decidedly dot- ted, assuming rather a freckled appearance.
Mr. Bennett briefly recapitulated the facts and reasonings which have from time to time been brought before the Society on the sub- ject of the abdominal glands of the Monotremata, regarded by Meckel and by Mr. Owen as mammary, and by M. Geoffroy-Saint Hilaire as connected with a peculiar function, to which, however, differ- ent results have been attributed by that learned zoologist at various times. The object of the recapitulation was to introduce an abstract of a recent Memoir by M. Geoffroy-Saint- Hilaire, ‘‘ On the structure and use of the Monotrematic glands, and particularly on those glands in the Cetaceu."’ In this Memoir the author regards the mammary glands of the Cetacea, so analogous in structure to those of Ornithu-
27
rhynchus and Echidna, as having a function similar to that which he has attributed to these latter : he assumes that the fluid secreted by them is not milk but mucus, and that this mucus is not sucked by the young, (whose organs of deglutition he describes as being unfitted for sucking) but is ejected by the mother into the water, the element in which they dwell, where, by imbibition of a portion of the water, it becomes thickened, and, floating by the mother’s side, is devoured by the progeny.
M. Geoffroy has subsequently changed his opinion as to the na- ture of the fluid secreted by the nutrient glands of the Cetacea. He had had an opportunity of examining these glands in some Porpoises, and had found the secretion to be actually milk. He still, however, maintains that the young of the Cetacea do not suck, but that the mother ejects the nutritious fluid from the milk receptacle into the mouth of her young.
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April 22, 1834. Joseph Sabine, Esq., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Some Notes by J. B. Harvey, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z. S., were read: they accompanied a collection of Shells and Crustacea made by the writer on the coast of Devonshire, near Teignmouth. The se- veral specimens were exhibited.
Among them were numerous individuals of Cyprea Pediculus, Cyp. bullata, and Cyp. Arctica. Of the former there are two varieties, one spotted and the other without spots. The spotted variety, Mr. Harvey states, is generally smaller than the plain one, and is less pro- duced on one side near the apex.
Cyp- bullata is found in the same localities as Cyp. Pediculus, but it may be doubted whether it is the young of that species: it is so comparatively rare, that Mr. Harvey has dredged up only six speci- mens of it, while he has collected more than a hundred of Cyp. Pedi- culus ; he possesses, moreover, young individuals of Cyp. Pediculus of smaller size than specimens of Cyp. bullata. In the latter the whorls are more produced at the apex, and the shell is so delicate as to be broken by even a slight fall.
On Cyp. Arctica Mr. Harvey remarks, that although its size and appearance are in favour of its being a young shell, he hesitates in referring it to the immature condition of the unspotted Cy "YP Pedicu- lus: his principal ground for doubt is the extreme rarity of Cyp. Arctica. He inquires, however, whether the young animal may not, perhaps, live deeply imbedded in the sand for a certain period before it comes to the surface, and thus generally elude the search of the conchologist until its shell becomes matured ?
With the Shells Mr. Harvey had transmitted to the Society living specimens of Caryophyllia Smithii, Brod., the Torbay Madrepore, whose habits were described by Mr. De la Beche in the ‘ Zoological Journal’ a few years since: these individuals died on the journey. They are attainable only at the lowest spring tides. They may be kept alive in sea water, changed every second or third day, by feed- ing them with a very small piece of fresh fish scraped, and deposited with a quill upon the animal, by which it is sucked in in a manner exactly similar to that of Polypi. The colours of some individuals are very vivid ; and among these green, blue, and blueish grey are the most predominant. Adhering to the Caryophyllia is occasionally found the Pyrgoma Anglicum, Leach, which appears to occur in no other situation.
At the request of the Chairman, Mr. Thompson of Belfast exhi- bited an immature specimen of the long-tailed Manis, Manis tetra- dactyla, Liun., for the purpose of showing that when very young,
29
(the present specimen being but ten inches in length,) the animal is as thoroughly armed, both with respect to scales and spines, as the full- grown one. The specimen was also considered by Mr. ‘Thompson as interesting on account of its locality, it having been obtained in Sierra Leone.
Mr. Thompson also read the following notice of the Cuckoo, Cucu- lus canorus, Linn., copied from his Journal, under the date of 28th May, 1833.
«© On examination of three cuckoos to-day, which were killed in the counties of Tyrone and Antrim within the last week, I found them all to be in different stages of plumage: one was mature ; ano- ther (a female) exhibited on the sides of the neck and breast the red- dish-coloured markings of the young bird, the remainder of the plu- mage being that of maturity ; the third specimen had reddish mark- ings disposed entirely over it, much resembling the plumage described by M. Temminck as assumed by ‘les jeunes tels qu’ils emigrent en automne’, (Man. d’Orn, tom. |. p. 383), but having a greater pro- portion of red, especially on the tail coverts, than is specified in his description of the bird at that age. This individual proved, on dissec- tion, to be a female, and did not contain any eggs so large as ordi- nary sized peas. ‘he stomach, with the exception of the presence of some small sharp gravel, was entirely empty, and was closely coated over with hair.”
Attention was called to the stomach of one of these birds, that the hair with which it is lined might be observed. From its close adhesion to the inner surface of the stomach, and from the regularity with which it is arranged, Mr. Thompson was at first disposed to consider this hair as being of spontaneous growth ; but part of the stomach having been subjected to maceration in water, and afterwards viewed through a microscope of high power, the hairs proved, to the entire satisfaction of Mr. Owen and himself, to be altogether borrowed from the larve of the Tiger-moth, Arctia Caja, Schrank, the only species found in the stomach of the bird in various specimens from different parts of the country which were examined by Mr. Thompson in the months of May and June, 1833.
Mr. Thompson also read a Catalogue, with incidental notices, of Birds new to the Irish Fauna. He prefaced his list by remarking that he did not bring them forward as. unrecorded, without having previously consulted every work in which he was aware that the birds of Ireland are either particularly described or incidentally noticed ; including the Statistical Surveys of the Irish counties, which contain, in several instances, Catalogues of the Birds that have been observed in them. ;
The Catalogue is as follows :
1. Alpine Swift, Cypselus alpinus, Temm. By the ‘ Dublin Penny Journal’ of March 30, 1833, my attention was directed to a rara avis, said to have been killed at Rathfarnham, and preserved in the fine col- lection of birds belonging to Thomas W. Warren, Esq. On calling to
30
see this bird (its species not having been ascertained,) I found it to be the Alpine Swift, which has not before been recorded as obtained in any part of Ireland ; the specimen recognised as the Cypselus alpinus by my friend, William Sinclair, Esq., and communicated by him to Mr. Selby for insertion in the British Fauna, having been met with off Cape Clear, at the distance of some miles from land.
Mr. Warren’s specimen was received by him on the 14th of March, and was then in a perfectly fresh state.
2. Redstart, Phenicura Ruticilla, Swains. This species is recorded on the excellent authority of Robert Ball, Esq., of Dublin, who has, in the-autumnal months, shot several of them in the vicinity of Youghal, co. Cork.
3. Bearded Titmouse, Parus biarmicus, Linn. Mr. William S. Wall, Bird Preserver, Dublin, who is very conversant with British Birds, assures me that he received a specimen of this species from the neighbourhood of the river Shannen a few years since.
4. Rock Pipit, Anthus aquaticus, Bechst. Common about the rocks, &c., on the seashore, in the North of Ireland.
5. Crested Purple Heron, Ardea purpurea, Linn. Of this bird there is a fine specimen in mature plumage in the collection of Mr: Warren, which I am assured was shot at Carrickmacross.
6. Little Bittern, Botaurus minutus. A specimen of this bird, shot in the county of Armagh, is preserved in the cabinet of William Sinclair, Esq., Belfast. Specimens have also been obtained in the east and south of Ireland. '
7. Night Heron, Nycticorax Europeus, Steph. Of this bird I saw a specimen a few weeks since in the shop of Mr. Glennen, Bird Preserver, Dublin, which he informed me was sent him in a fresh state from Letterkenny, early in the present year.
8. * Spoonbill, Plutalea leucoredia, Linn, Mr. Ball informs me, that in the autumn of 1829, three of these birds were seen in company near Youghal, and that one of them was shot. It was preserved by Dr. Green of that town, and is at present in his possession.
9. * Green Sandpiper, Totanus ochropus, Temm. Of this bird I have seen Irish specimens in several collections.
10. Dottrel, Charadrius morinellus, Linn. A specimen of this bird, which was shot near Downpatrick a few years ago, is preserved in the house of Mr. Reid, at Ballygowan Bridge (Down).
11. Black-winged Stilt, Himantopus melanopterus, Meyer. In the winter of 1823, a bird of this species was seen by Mr. Ball in the neighbourhood of Youghal.
12. Gadwall, Chauliodus strepera, Swains. Dr. Robert Graves of Dublin informed me that a specimen of this bird which 1 saw in his collection was shot at Wexford. ‘
13. Smew, Mergus albellus, Linn. Of this bird I have seen speci- mens from different parts of Ireland.
14. Little duk, Mergulus melanoleucos, Ray. There is a speci- men of this bird in the collection of Dr. Graves, which was shot at Wexford.
Sl
15. * Black Tern, Sterna nigra, Linn. Mr. Ball has seen this bird in the month of July, for some years successively, at Roxborough, near Middleton, co. Cork.
‘In addition to these I may mention the
16. * Blackcap Warbler, Curruca atricapilla, Bechst., which, though stated in Rutty’s Dublin to be frequent in that county, admits of some doubt, as more than one species is commonly called by the name of Blackcap in Ireland. On the Ist March, 1834, I saw, in the shop of Mr. Galbraith, Bird Preserver, Belfast, a fresh specimen of an adult male Blackeap, which had been killed (probably the day before) in the garden at Down and Connor House, co. of Down.
Other individuals of the species marked thus * have been recorded in the MS. Catalogue of the late J. Templeton, Esq,.— W. T.
Mr. Thompson also stated that specimens of the true Lestris para- siticus, Temm., have repeatedly occurred in the Bays of Dublin and Belfast. He added, that during the great storm which took place on the 31st August, 1833, a great many specimens of the Octopus octo- podia (which had not before been recorded as occurring on the shores of Ireland) were thrown ashore in Belfast Bay.
Mr. Owen read a Paper “ On the Structure of the Heart of the Perennibranchiate Amphibia, or Reptiles douteux of Cuvier.”
He briefly noticed the progressive discoveries relating to the heart of Reptiles which have been made since the time of Linneus, and which have successively rendered inapplicable to the Saurians, Cheloni- ans, and Ophidians, the phrase ‘‘ Cor uniloculare, uniauritum”’, applied to the whole of the Reptilia in the ‘ Systema Nature’. Healluded to the researches of Dr. Davy and M. Martin St. Ange on the structure of the heart in the Caducibranchiate Amphibia, from which it appeared that two auricles were appended to the ventricle in those Reptiles, as well as in the higher orders above mentioned. He then proceeded to give the results of an examination of the hearts of specimens of 4m- phiuma, Cuv., Menopoma, Harlan, Proteus, Schreib., and Siren, Linn. He selected the heart of the Siren lacertina as the subject of detailed description, considering that the genus Siren, in combining with per- ‘sistent external Jranchi@ a limited number of extremities, exhibits the simplest form of the Amphibious Reptile.
The heart in this species consists of three distinct cavities, as in the higher Reptilia, viz. of two auricles and one ventricle. The auricles appear to form externally one large and remarkably fimbriated cavity, situated behind, and advancing forwards, on both sides of the ventricle and bulbus arteriosus, The venous blood is poured into a large mem- branous sinus by one posterior and two anterior vene cave prior to passing into the auricle. The conjoined trunk of the pulmonary veins appears also to enter this sinus, but it passes through without communicating with that cavity, and terminates in a small separate auricle, which opens into the ventricle by an orifice distinct from, but close to, the orifice of the right auricle. In the ventricle a rudimen- tary septum was noticed as affording an indication of a type of forma-
32
tion superior to that of Fishes. In the bulbus arteriosus a longitudinal projection appears as a commencing division of the single artery, which is given off from the ventricle.
The differences in the structure of the preceding parts, and in the origin and distribution of the different vessels exhibited by the other genera of Perennibranchiata, were successively noticed ; and the affini- ties indicated by these modifications to the Caducibranchiate Reptiles on the one hand, and to the Cartilaginous Fishes on the other, were also pointed out.
The Paper was illustrated by drawings of the structures described in it.
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May 13, 1834. Richard Owen, Esq., in the Chair.
. A Note was read from Mrs. Barnes, in which it was stated that that lady had brought up from the nest two of the smallest species of Jamaica Humming-birds. They were so tame, that at a call they would fly to her, and perch upon her finger. Their food was sugar and water. During the passage to England one of them was killed by the cage in which they were kept being thrown down in a storm ; its companion drooped immediately, and died shortly afterwards.
It was remarked that injury to the bird in consequence of such an accident might be prevented by the introduction ofa gauze-net screen into the cage, at some little distance within the wires.
Specimens were exhibited of several Mammalia from India, which had recently been presented to the Society by Lord Fitzroy Somer- set. They were brought under the notice of the Meeting by Mr. Ben- nett, who called particular attention to the skin of a Paradoxurus, which he regarded as that of Par. prehensilis, Gray, a species hitherto known only by a drawing of Dr. Hamilton’s preserved in the East India House.
The general colour of the animal is a pale greyish brown, in which longer black hairs are sparingly intermixed on the sides. On the back of the head and neck, and along the middle line of the back, these black hairs are almost the only ones that are visible. On the loins they form three indistinct black bands, of which the lateral are in some measure interrupted. The head is brownish, with the usual grey mark both above and below the eyes, and there are some short grey hairs between the eyes and across the forehead. The limbs are brownish black, rather darker towards their upper part. The tail, at its base, is of the same colour as the back, and rapidly becomes black ; its terminal fifth is yellowish white. The ears are rather large, and sparingly covered with short brownish hairs.
Specimens were exhibited of three species of horned Pheasants, in- cluding the Tragopan Temminckii, Gray. In illustration of the hi- story of the latter bird, Mr. G. Bennett, Corr. Memb. Z.S., placed upon the table drawings of specimens observed by him at Macao, and showing the remarkable wattle in various degrees of development. He also read a note on the subject.
In its contracted state the membrane has merely the appearance of a purple skin under the lower mandible ; and it is even sometimes so much diminished in size as to be quite invisible. It becomes de- veloped during the early spring months or pairing season of the year,
No. XVII.—Procrepines or run ZooLocican Society,
34
from January to March, when it is capable of being displayed or con- tracted at the will of the bird. During excitement it is enlarged, falls over the breast, and exhibits the most brilliant colours, principally of a vivid purple, with bright red and green spots: the colours vary in intensity according to the degree of excitement. When they are most brilliant, or, in other words, when the excitement is great, the purple horns are usually elevated. The living specimens seen by Mr. G. Bennett were procured from the province of Yunnan, bor- dering on Thibet. Mr. Beale, in whose aviary at Macao they were, had nbdt succeeded in obtaining females of this race. {ts Chinese name is Ju Xou Nieu.
Mr. G. Bennett also read a note on the habits of the King Penguin, Aptenodytes Patachonica, Gmel., as observed by him on various occa- sions when in high southern Jatitudes. He described particularly a colony of these birds, which covers an extent of thirty or forty acres, at the north end of Macquarrie Island, in the South Pacific Ocean. The number of Penguins collected together in this spot is immense, but it would be almost impossible to guess at it with any near ap- proach to truth, as, during the whole of the day and night, 30,000 or 40,000 of them are continually landing, and an equal number going to sea. They are arranged, when on shore, in as compact a manner and in as regular ranks as a regiment of soldiers; and are classed with the greatest order, the young birds being in one situation, the moulting birds in another, the sitting hens in a third, the clean birds in a fourth, &c.; and so strictly do birds in similar condition congre- gate, that should a bird that is moulting intrude itself among those which are clean, it is immediately ejected from among them,
The females hatch the eggs by keeping them close between their thighs ; and, ifapproached during the time of incubation, move away, carrying the eggs with them. At this time the male bird goes to sea and collects food for the female, which becomes very fat. After the young is hatched, both parents go to sea, and bring home food for it ; it soon becomes so fat as scarcely to be able to walk, the old birds getting very thin. They sit quite upright in their roosting- places, and walk in the erect position until they arrive at the beach, when they throw themselves on their breasts, in order to encounter the very heavy sea met with at their landing-place.
Although the appearance of Penguins generally indicates the neigh- bourhood of land, Mr. G. Bennett cited several instances of their occurrence at a considerable distance from any known land.
The Secretary announced the recent addition to the Menagerie of the Perdix sphenura, Gray ; the Philippine Quail, Coturnix Sinensis, Cuv.; and the Hemipodius Dussumieri, Temm.? : all presented to the Society by John Russel Reeves, Esq., of Canton. He added, that a second male specimen of the Reeves’s Pheasant, Phasianus veneratus, Temm., had also been sent to the Menagerie by John Reeves, Esq. A pair of the middle tail-feathers of the last-named bird, measuring upwards of five feet in length, and presented by Wm. Craggs, Esq., were exhibited.
35
Numerous specimens were exhibited from Mr. Cuming’s collec- tion, in illustration of a Paper by Mr. Broderip, entitled, ‘* Descrip- tions of several New Species of Calyptreide.”’
The new species described in this paper are distributed and charac- terized as follows :
Subgenus Catyprrma.
Testa subconica, subacuminata, cyathi basi adherente, lateribus liberis.
a. Cyatho integro.
Catyprrea rupIs. Cal. testd fuscd, subdepressd, suborbiculari, ra- diatim corrugatd, limbo crenato ; cyatho concentrice lineato, albido, irregulariter subcirculuri ; epidermide subfuscd : diam, 2 poll. circiter, alt. +.
Hab. ad Panamam et Real Llejos.
This species, whose white onyx-like cup, adhering only by its base, shows to great advantage against the ruddy brown which is the ge- neral colour of the inside of the protecting shell, was found under stones. The young sheils are the flattest and most regular in form, but their inside is generally of a dirty white, dimly spotted with brown.— W. J.B.
f. Cyatho hemiconico, longitudinaliter quasi diviso. (Calyptrea, Less.) Catyprrza corrueata. Cal. testd subalbidd, suborbiculari, subde- pressd, corrugatd ; intads nitente ; cyatho concentricé lineato, pro- ducto ; epidermide fuscd: diam. 1% poll. cire., alt. 4%. Hab. in America Centrali. (Guacomayo.) _ Found under stones at a depth of fourteen fathoms.—W. J. B.
Catyprrma varia. Cal. testd albidd, suborbiculari, crassiusculd, longitudinaliter creberrimé striatd ; cyatho concentricé lineato, crassiusculo, producto: diam. |4, alt. max. 4, alt. min. = poll.
Hab. in Oceano Pacifico. (Lord Hood's Island, the Gallapagos,
and the Island of Muerte in the Bay of Guayaquil.)
This is a very variable species allied to Cal. equestris, and taking
almost every shape which a Calypirea can assume. It differs in thickness according to localities and circumstances.—W. J. B.
Caryprr@aA cmpacea. Cal, testd albd, suborbiculari, subconcavd, tenui, diaphand, striis numerosis subcorrugatd ; intis nitente ; cyathi lerminationibus lanceolatis: long. 1+z, lat. 14, alt. 2 poll.
Haé. in sinu Guayaquil. (Island of Muerte.)
This was dredged up, adhering to dead shells, from sandy mud, at
a, depth of eleven fathoms, Besides other differences, the terminat- ing points of the divided cyathus are much more lanceolate than they are in Cal. varia.—W. J. B.
CaLypTR@A corNEA. Cal. testd suborbiculari, complanatd, albidd, subdiaphand, concentrice lineatd et radiatim striatd ; intds ni- tente: diam. 4, alt. 4 poll.
Hab. ad Aricam Peruvie,
Dredged up from sandy mud at a depth of nine fathoms.—W. J. B.
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Subgenus Carypeopsis, Less. Cyatho interno integro, lateraliter adherente.
CaLypTR@A RADIATA. Cal. testd conico-orbiculari, albidd fusco ra- diatd, striis longitudinalibus crebris ; limbo crenulato ; apice acuto, subrecurvo ; cyatho depresso: diam. |, alt. 45, poll.
Hab. in America Meridionali. (Bay of Caraccas.)
The cup of this pretty species is pressed in, as it were, on one side, and adheres to the shell not only by its apex, but also by a lateral seam, which scarcely reaches to the rim of the cup. The apex of the younger specimens, both externally and internally, is generally of a rich brown, and there can be little doubt that when first produced they are entirely of that colour,
Found in sandy mud, on dead shells, at a depth of from seven to eight fathoms.—W. J. B.
Cauyprrza imBricata. Cal. testd albidd, crassd, subconicd, ovatd, costis longitudinalibus et squamis transversis imbricatd ; apice sub- incurvo, acuto; limbo crenato; cyatho depresso: diam. |, lat. £, alt. & poll.
Hab. ad Panamam.
Found on stones, in sandy mud, at a depth of from six to ten fa-
thoms.—W. J. B.
Catyprr#, Lienaria. Cal. testd crassd, fused, deformi, striis cor- rugatd; apice prominente subadunco, acuto, posteriore : long. 1+5, lat. §, alt. % poll.
Hab. in America Centrali. (Real Llejos.)
The majority of individuals of this species have their shells so de- formed that they set description at defiance : the comparatively well- formed shell occurs so rarely that it may be almost considered as the exception to the rule. When in this last-mentioned state, the circum- ference of the shell is an irregular, somewhat rounded oval, and it rises into a shape somewhat resembling the back of Ancylus, with the apex very sharp and inclining downwards. ‘The shell in this shape is generally less corrugated than it is in deformed individuals, though some of those are comparatively smooth ; but in both states the shell is striated immediately under the apex, and is for the most part cor- rugated on the other side of it.
Found under stones.
Var. a. Enormiter conica, cyatho valdé profundo.
This variety is often one inch and six eighths in height, and its cup nearly one inch deep, while the diameter of the shell at the aperture does not exceed one inch.
Found on shells at the Island of Chiloe, in sandy mud, at the depth of four fathoms.—W. J. B.
CatypTr#A TENUIS. Cal. testd irregulari, tenui, subdiaphand, cre- berrime striata, albidd interdum fusco pallide strigatd: diam. 1 cire.; alt. +8 poll.
Hab. ad Peruvie oras. (Samanco Bay.)
Found on living shells, in muddy sand, at a depth of nine fathoms.
—wW. J.B.
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Catyprr@a uispipa. Cal. testd subovald, subconicd, albd strigis maculisque subpurpureo-fuscis varid, striis frequentibus et spints tubularibus erectis hispida ; limbo crenulato ; apice turbinato ; cya- tho subdepresso: diam. 12, lat. 48;, alt..3, poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Muerte. (Bay of Guayaquil.)
This elegant species, the circumference of whose somewhat de- pressed cup is free, with the exception of one part where it adheres laterally, was found on dead shells, in sandy mud, at a depth of twelve fathoms.—W. J. B.
Catyptr za macutara. Cal. testd ovatd, albidd purpureo-fusco ma- culatd, longitudinaliter rugosd ; limbo serrato ; apice subturbi- nato, subincurvo : diam. ++, lat. 4%, alt. 3 poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Muerte.
The external contour of this shell, more especially in the position of the subturbinated apex, much resembles that of Ancylus. ‘The cir- cumference of the cup is free, excepting at one point, where it adheres laterally throughout its length.
ay a sandy mud, on dead shells, at a depth of eleven fathoms.
Catyprrza serrata. Cal. testd suborbiculari, albd subpurpureo vel fusco interdum fucatd vel strigatd, costis longitudinalibus prominentibus rugosis ; limbo serrato ; apice subturbinato ; cyatho valdé depresso: diam. +, lat. 5%, alt. 33, poll.
Hab. ad Real Llejos et Muerte.
Var. testa alba.
Found on dead shells, in a muddy bottom, at the depth of from six
to eleven fathoms.—W. J. B.
Subgenus SypHoparetta, Less.? Lamina interna subtrigon4, subcirculari, latere dextro replicato.
Canyptr#a sorpipa. Cal. testd subconicd, sordide luted, longitudi- naliter subradiatd ; apice turbinato ; cyatho depresso, subtrigono, haud profundo: diam. 4, lat. +8;, alt. 25 poll.
Hab. ad Panamam.
This species, the inside and outside of which are of a sordid yellow,
is generally covered externally with coral or other marine adhesions. The plate is spoon-shaped.
mea on stones, on a sandy bottom, at depth of twelve fathoms.—
Catyprrza Uneuis. Cal. testd tenui, conicd, corrugatd, fuscd ;
apice subturbinato ; cyatho depresso, subtrigono : diam. *r, alt. +% poll.
Hab. ad Valparaiso.
The plate is spoon-shaped, but not so shallow as that of Cal. sordida.
Found on shells, at a depth of from seven to forty-five fathoms.— W. J. B.
Caryrrrza Licnen. Cal, testd albidd, interdum pallidé fusco
38
sparsd, subdiaphand, subturbinatd, orbiculatd, complanatd : diam. $, alt, 2 poll. Hab. ad Insulam Muerte.
Found on dead shells, in sandy mud, at a depth of eleven fathoms. —W. J. B.
Catyprrza MAMILLARIS. Cal. testd albidd, subconicd ; apice sub-
purpureo, mamillare: diam. +55, alt. +4, poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Muerte.
This pretty species varies. It is sometimes milk white, with the mamillary apex of a brownish purple, and with the inside sometimes of that colour, sometimes white, and sometimes yellowish. In other individuals the white is mottled with purplish brown stripes and spots.
Found on dead shells, in sandy mud, at a depth of eleven fathoms. —wW. J. B.
Catyprra@a striata. Cal. testa sordid? albd, suborbiculatd, subco- nicd, subturbinatd, striis longitudinalibus elevatis creberrimis cor- rugatd ; intts fusco-flavescente: diam, 44, alt. +°5 poll.
Hab. ad Valparaiso.
Found on shells in sandy mud, at a depth of from forty-five to sixty
fathoms.
Catyprre”a conica. Cal. testd conicd, fused albido maculatd, sub- turbinatd: diam. 14, alt. x7 poll.
Hab. ad Xipixapi et ad Salango.
Found attached to shells in deep water.
Subgenus Creprpareiia, Less. Lamin4 rotundata, apice laterali et subterminali.
Caryprr#a rouiacra. Cal. testd suborbiculari, albidd, foliaced ; intds castaned vel albd castaneo varid: diam. |, alt. 3 poll. Hab. ad Aricam Peruvie, saxis adherens. This Crepipatella, which bears no remote resemblance to the upper valve of some of the Chame when viewed from above, was found on exposed rocks near the shore.—W. J. B.
Caryprr#a porsata. Cal. testd subalbidd, planiusculd, costis longi- tudinalibus irregularibus rugosd ; intis medio fusco-violaced : diam. 3, lat.+ poll.
Hab. ad Sanctam Elenam.
The back of this shell is not unlike the upper valve of some of the
Terebratule.
Found on dead shells, in sandy mud, at a depth of six fathoms.— W. J. B.
Catyprrma pizatata, Lam., varietas ints nigro-castanea. Cal. testd sordide albd castaneo strigatd ; intas nitide nigro-castaned ; lamind albd: diam. 14, lat. 14, alt. 4 poll.
Hab. ad Valparaiso.
This highly coloured variety was found on exposed rocks at low water. The pure white of the plate shows to great advantage, lying above the rich back ground of the interior of the shell. In some in- dividuals this internal colour is all but black—W. J. B.
39
Catyptra@a stricata. Cal. lestd subcorrugatd, sordidé rubrd albo varid ; intts subrufa interdum albd vel albd rubro-castaneo varid : diam. \ poll.
Hab. ad Valparaiso.
This varies much both in colour andshape. Some of the specimens are quite flat, and the lamina almost convex. An obscure subar- cuate longitudinal whitish broad streak may be traced on the backs of most of them. It is not impossible that it may be a variety of Cal. ‘dilatata.
Found on Mytili at depths varying from three to six fathoms.— W. J.B.
Catyrrrza Ecuinus. Cal. testd albidd violaceo maculatd, inter- dum fusca, striis longitudinalibus creberrimis spinis fornicatis hor- ridd ; intis flavente vel albd : diam. 14, lat. 14, alt. & poll.
Hab, ad Peruviam. (Lobos Island.)
In old specimens the spines are almost entirely worn down, and rough strie only, for the most part, remain. In this state it bears a great resemblance to the figure given of Crepidula fornicata in Sowerby’s Genera of Shells, No. 23, f. 1.
Found under stones at low water.—W. J. B.
Catyprr#a Hysrrix. Cal. sordid? albd vel fuscd, complanatd, longitudinaliter striatd, spinis magnis fornicatis apertis seriatim dispositis ; intts albidd, interdum castaneo maculatd: diam. 12, lat. 3, alt. 2 poll.
Hab. ad Peruviam. (Lobos Island.)
Approaching the last, but differing in being always more flatiened, in the comparatively great size of the vaulted spines, and in the com- paratively wide interval between them; still I! would not be positive that they are not all varieties of Crepidula aculeata, Lam.—W. J. B.
CatyrTra@a paiva. Cal. testd sordide albd, ovatd; apice promi- nente: diam. 3, lat. %, alt. 2 poll.
Hab. ad Insulas Falkland dictas.
Found under stones.—W. J. B.
Subgenus Crepiputa, Less. Lamina subrecta, apice postico et submedio.
CrePipuLA uNGuirormis, Lam., varietas complanato-recurva :
long. 12, lat. & poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Chiloen et ad Panamam.
This variety affords a good example of the powers of adaptation of the animal. The shell is either flattened or concave on the back, and recurved in consequence of -its adhesion to the inside of dead shells of Ranelle Vexillum, celata, &c.
It was dredged from sandy mud, at a depth ranging from four to ten fathoms.—W. J. B.
Catyprra#a Lussonu. Cal. testd complanatd, subconcentricé folia- ced, foliis tenuibus, albd fusco longitudinaliter strigatd ; intus al- bidd ; limbo interno interdum fusco ciliato-strigato : long. 15, lat. 44, alt. 2 poll.
40
Hab. in sinu Guayaquil. (Isle of Muerte.)
This beautiful species, which | have named in honour of M. Lesson, was found under stones at low water. It will remind the observer of the upper valves of some of the Chame.—W. J. B.
Caryprrza incurya, Cal. testd fusco nigricante, tortuosd, corru- gatd ; intas nigricante, septo albo ; apice adunco: long. &, lat. +, alt. poll.
Hab, ad Sanctam Elenam et ad Xipixapi.
Found on dead shells dredged from sandy mud, at a depth ranging
from six to ten fathoms,—W. J. B.
Caryprr@a excavata. Cal. testd crassiusculd, subtortuosd, levi, albidd vel subflavd fusco punctatd et strigatd ; intis albd vel albd fusco fucatd, limbo interdum fusco ciliato-strigato : long. 1%, lat. 14, alt. & poll.
Hab, ad Real Lejos.
This species is remarkable for the depth of the internal margin be- fore it reaches the septum. In Crepidula adunca, Sow., this depth is even greater than it is in Crep. excavata. The apex is close to the margin, and obliquely turned towards the right side.—W., J. B.
Catyrrrma arenara. Cal. testd subovatd, albidd rubro-fusco cre- berrimé punctatd ; intds subrubrd vel albidd subrubro maculatd, septo albo: long. 14, lat. Z, alt. 4%, poll.
Hab, ad Sanctam Elenam.
This approaches Crep. porcellana. The septum is somewhat distant from the margin, and the apex, which is also somewhat distant from it, is obtuse and obliquely turned towards the right side.
From sandy mud, on shells, at a depth ranging from six to eight fathoms.—W. J. B.
Catyprrma marainaris. Cal. testd subovatd, sublevi vel vix cor- rugatd, subflavd vel albida fusco strigatd ; intis nigricunte vel Jlavd fusco strigatd, septo albo: long. 14, lat. +4, alt. 4, poll.
Hab. ad Panamam et ad Insulam Muerte.
This species was found on stones and shells, in sandy mud, at a depth ranging from six to ten fathoms. The white septum shows beautifully against the black-brown of the interior. The apex is al- most lost in the margin, and is directed towards the right side — W. J.B.
Catyprrma squama. Cal. testd suborbiculari, complanatd, sublevi, subtenui, pallide flavd vel albidd fusco substrigatd ; intis subflavd vel subjlavd fusco strigatd : long. 1, lat. +4, alt. 425 poll.
Hab. ad Panamam.
The apez of this very flat species is lost in the margin. Found under
stones.—W. J. B.
41
May 27, 1834. ' William Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.
A Letter was read, addressed to the Secretary by Sir R. Ker Por- ter, Corr. Memb. Z. S., dated City of Caracas, April 7, 1834. It related chiefly to a Monkey, and to some Tortoises, recently presented to the Society by the writer.
The Monkey is described in detail. It is the Pithecia sagulata, the jacketed Monkey or Simia sagulata of Dr. Traill. Sir R. Ker Porter points out the several differences in colouring which exist between this individual and the published description by the Baron Humboldt of the Pithecia Chiropotes: these consist chiefly in the comparative paleness of its back, and the greater darkness of the remainder of its body and of its bushy beard. He adds that the animal drinks fre- quently, always bending down on its hands, and putting its mouth to the-surface of the water, heedless apparently of wetting its beard, and indifferent to the observations of lookers-on: he never saw it take up water in the hollow of its hand, and carry it in this manner to its mouth in order to drink. Its favourite fruit is the apple ; and it does not refuse the pinion of a roasted chicken. Its voice is a weak and chirping whistle, which becomes shrill and loud when the animal is angry. It was obtained from the vicinity of the Orinoco, not far distant from the Rio Negro, in the heart of Guiana, It is known as the Mono Capuchino.
The Tortoises are referable to the Testudo carbonaria, Spix.
The Secretary announced that there had recently been added to the
Menagerie a white-crested Cockatoo, Plyctolophus cristatus, Vieill. ;, - anda pair of the blue Jay, Garrulus cristatus, Cuv.
He Also stated that there had been acquired for the Menagerie a Rhinoceros of the one-horned species of Continental India. It is said to be about four years old. Its height at the loins, the highest part of the back, is 4 feet 10+ inches ; its length, from the root of the tail to the tip of the nose, measured in a straight line, is 10 feet 6 inches ; its weight is about 26 cwt.
A specimen was exhibited of the young of the Sandwich Island Goose, Bernicla Sandvicensis, Vig., which was hatched at Knowsley. It was accompanied by the following note from the President, Lord Stanley.
“Through the kindness of John Reeves, Esq., I received at Knowsley a pair of these birds on the 15th of February, 1834.
42
They did not at first, when turned out on the pond among the other water-fowl, appear to take much notice of each other ; but some workmen being at the time employed about the pond, one of the birds (I think, from recellection, it was the male,) seemed to have formed some sort of attachment to one of the men working. When- ever he was present the goose was always near to him, and whenever absent at his dinner, or when otherwise employed, the bird appeared restless, and gave vent to its solicitude by frequent cries, which as well as the anxiety, always ceased with the reappearance of the workman.
« The man having frequently occasion to pass through a door, which was obliged to be kept open, it was feared that the attachment of the animal might lead to its following its friend, and that on its exit, it might fall in with and be worried or stolen by vermin, and in conse- quence the pair of geese were confined in one of the divisions adja- cent to, but divided from, the pond, on February 26.
«¢ Within this small inclosure, in the sheltered half of it, in one corner, stood a small hutch, in which the female on the 5th of March laid her first egg. ‘Till within a few days of that period no alteration took place in their manners, but it then became obvious that the-male was jealous of intruders, and would run at and seize them by the trowsers, giving pretty sharp blows with his wings; but this always ceased if he observed that the female was at some distance, when he would instantly rejoin her: his return to the female was always accompanied by great hurry and clamour, and much gesticulation up and down of his head, but not of the wings. Three other eggs followed on the 7th, 9th, and 11th of March. The eggs were white, and very large in proportion to the size of the bird, being, I should imagine, (for, having no proper scales at hand, I did not weigh or subtract any of them, hoping that more might be laid,) fully equal to those of the Swan Goose or Anas cygnéides. The goose also surprised us by the rapidity of her operations, for we were hardly aware of the fourth egg having been laid that morning, when it was evident that she had be- gun to sit. During the whole period of incubation there could not be a more attentive nurse, and indeed she could not well help it, for the male, if she seemed inclined to stay out longer than he thought right, appeared, by his motions, to be bent on driving her back, nor was he satisfied till he had accomplished his object, when he again resumed his usual position, with his body half in half out of the hutch and his head towards the female ; but if any person crossed the yard of the division, he would immediately hurry after the intruder, though, if he found there was no intention of molesting the nursery, he seemed generally satisfied, and did not like to quit the sheltered part of the division. At right he constantly made room for himself by the female, the result of which was unfortunate towards the pro-
eny. i On the 12th of April the eggs began to chip, and on the 13th two goslings were excluded ; but it was found that the mother had pushed from under her the other two eggs, which were consequently taken away and put under a hen, though, as one was very nearly
43
cold, little hopes of any success with that were entertained, and it was in fact never hatched, but probably died in consequence of the re- moval by the goose at an important moment. On the morning of the 14th it was ascertained that she or the male, who always now sat close beside her in the box, had killed one of the two she had at first hatched, for it was found dead and perfectly flat. The fourth egg, which was put under the hen, was assisted out of the shell, and ap- peared weakly from the first, and as its mother had lost one, we put it to her, in hopes it would do better than with its nurse. She took to it at first very well ; but subsequently, both the parents beating it, it was returned to, and well cared for, apparently, by its nurse, but died on the 20th, having received some injury in one eye, either from the old ones, or perhaps from the hen scratching, and thereby hitting it. The remaining gosling is doing very well, and appears strong and lively, and the parents are extremely attentive to it; and I have little doubt but these birds may easily be established, (with a little care and attention,) and form an interesting addition to the stock of British domesticated fowls.
‘« In its general appearance, and its Quaker-like simplicity of plum- age, it seems to approximate most to the family of the Bernacles ; but it appears to have almost as little (if as much) partiality for the water as the Cereopsis.”
The bird in question was named by Mr. Vigors at the Meeting of the Society on June 11, 1833. It may be characterized as follows :
Bernicia Sanpvicensis. Bern. brunneo-nigrescens, subtis mar-
ginibusque plumarum pallidioribus ; collo albescenti; guld, facie, capite superné, linedque longitudinali nuchali nigris ; crisso albo.
Long. tot. 24 unc. ; rostri, rictus, 14; ale, 133; caude, 5; tarsi,
z
we Hab. in insulis Sandvicensibus, et in Owhyhee.
Mr. Owen read a Paper “ On the young of the Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Blum.” It was illustrated by drawings of the young ani- mal and of various details of its structure, both external and internal, derived chiefly from the examination of the individual recently pre- sented to the Society by Dr. Weatherhead : this individual was ex- hibited, as was also a smaller specimen, forming part of Dr. Weather- head’s collection.
The circumstances which first attract attention in these singular objects are the total absence of hair; the soft and flexible condition of the mandibles ; and the shortness of these parts in proportion to their breadth as compared with the adult. The tongue, which in the adult is lodged far back in the mouth, advances in the young ani- mal close to the end of the lower mandible, and its breadth is only one line less in an individual four inches in length than it is in fully grown animals ; a disproportionate development which is plainly in- dicative of the importance of the organ to the young Ornithorhynchus both in receiving and swallowing its food.
On the middle line of the upper mandible, and a little anterior to the nostrils, there is a minute fleshy eminence lodged in a slight de-
As
pression. In the sinaller specimen this is surrounded by a discon- tinuous margin of the epidermis, with which substance, therefore, — and, probably, from its having been shed, of a thickened or horny con- sistence,—the caruncle had been covered. It is a structure of which the upper mandible of the adult presents no trace, and Mr. Owen re- gards it as analogous to the foetal peculiarity of the horny knob on the upper mandible of the Bird. He does not, however, conceive that this remarkable example of the affinity of Ornithorhynchus to the fea- thered class is necessarily indicative of its having been applied, under the same circumstances, to overcome a resistance of precisely the same character as that for which it is designed in the young bird, since all the known history of the ovum of Ornithorhynchus points strongly to its ovoviviparous development.
The situation of the eyes is indicated by the convergence of a few wrinkles to one point ; but the integument is continuous, and com- pletely shrouds the eyeball. In the absence of vision in the young animal, strong evidence is afforded of its being confined to the nest, there to receive its nourishment from its dam ; and this deduction is corroborated by the cartilaginous condition of the bones of the ex- tremities, and by the general form of the body: the head and tail are closely approximated on the ventral aspect, requiring force to pull the body into a straight line ; and the relative quantity of integument on the back and belly shows that the position necessary for progressive motion is unnatural at this stage of growth.
Mr. Owen describes other external appearances of the young Orni- thorhynchus, and then enters at considerable length into its anatomy. The stomach is nearly as large in an individual four inches in length as in the adult animal. In this specimen it was found filled with coagulated milk, and no trace was visible, on the most careful exa- mination, of worms or bread, on which, up to the time of his dis- covery of the mammary secretion, Lieut. the Hon. Lauderdale Maule had believed that this individual had been sustained. A portion of this coagulated substance was diluted with water, and examined un- der a high magnifying power in comparison with a portion of cow’s milk coagulated by spirit, and similarly diluted. The ultimate glo- bules of the Ornithorhynchus's milk were most distinctly perceptible, detaching themselves from the small coherent masses to form new groups : the corresponding globules of the cow’s milk were of larger size. Minute transparent globules of oil were intermixed with the milk globules of the Ornithorhynchus. A drop of water being added to a little mucus, it instantly became opake ; and its minutest divi- sions, under the microscope, were into transparent angular flakes, en- tirely different from the regularly formed granules of the milk of the Ornithorhynchus.
In passing in review the several viscera of the young Ornithorhyn- chus, Mr. Owen observed on various physiological deductions which might be drawn from them, and on the differences and resemblances borne by them to the same organs in the ordinary viviparous Mam- malia and in the Marsupiata.
June 10, 1834. Richard Owen, Esq., in the Chair.
A collection of objects of Zoology, made by Lieut. Allen, R.N., Corr. Memb. Z. S., during his late expedition up the Quorra into the interior of Africa, and presented by him to the Society, was exhi- bited. It was accompanied by another collection formed by the same gentleman at Fernando Po. They comprehended a previously un- described species of Plover; an undescribed T'etrodon and a Myletes; specimens of Potypterus Senegalus, Cuv., and of a Gymnarchus, Ej. ; and specimens of the three-horned Chamaleon, Chameleo Oweni, Gray, and of a Galago, Galago Senegalensis, Geoff. ; the two latter being from Fernando Po. They also included numerous Jnsects and Arachnida, both from the interior and from the island.
The bird was characterized by Mr. Gould:
VANELLUS aLBicePs. Van. capite, guld, alis in medio, uropygio, ventre, crissoque albis; faciei lateribus colloque purpurascenti- cinereis; scapularibus, remigibus prioribus tribus, caudeque di- midio apicali nigris.
Long. tot. arostri ad caude apicem, 13 unc., a rostri ad digitorum apicem, 15 unc.; ale, 8; caude, 4; tarsi, 3; femoris, 3; rostri, a rictu ad apicem, 14.
Rostrum viridi-aurantiacum, ad apicem nigrum.
Between the eye and the upper mandible is situated a fleshy sub- stance (resembling that of the common Cock) which hangs down at right angles with the beak ; it is of an orange colour, and is narrow in form, being one inch and a half long and half an inch wide at the base, whence it gradually tapers throughout its whole length to the tip. The spur on the shoulders is strong and sharp, and is nearly an inch in length.
The Fishes were characterized by Mr, Bennett, who remarked on the complete analogy borne by these species of the rivers of Western Africa to some of those of the Nile. The form of Myletes, Cuv., to which Lieut. Allen’s fish belongs, has hitherto been obtained only in Egypt; the genus Polypterus, Geoff., originally observed in the Nile, seems to be limited to that river and to Senegal ; the genus Gymnarchus, Cuv., has previously been noticed only in the Nile; and the Tetrodon of this collection resembles in its markings that of Egypt. The new species may be thus characterized :
Myzeres Auten. Myl. oblongus; pinnd dorsali primd supra ventrales positd. D. 10, 0. A. 14..C. 19. P. 15. V. 9. Specimen minimum, biunciale, a Myl. Hasselquistii, Cuv., (Sal- mo Dentex, Hass.,) differre videtur situ pinne dorsalis prime. No. XVIII.—Proceepines or tuk Zoovoaican Sociery,
46
Trrropon stricosus. Tetr. dorso hispido, nigrescente ; ventre lateribusque levibus, his albo nigroque longitudinaliter lineatis, illo albo : pinnd caudali quadratd ; pectoralibus laté rotundatis.
D. 12. A. 9. P..19. C8:
Tetr. lineato, Linn., (Tetr. Physa, Geoff.,) analogus videtur. Dif-
fert maximé ventre lateribusque haud armatis.
Fh
The exhibition was resumed of the new species of Shells collected by Mr. Cuming on the western coast of South America and among the islands of the South Pacific Ocean. Those brought on the pre- sent evening under the notice of the Society were accompanied by characters by Mr. G. B. Sowerby. They belonged to the
Genus Perrico.a.
Perricova KLuiprica. Pet. testd ovato-ellipticd, rufescenti-albidd ; radiatim costatd, postice levi; lamellis concentricis sparsis ; lu- nuld anticd distinctd: long. 1-2, lat. 0:7, alt. 0°9 poll.
Hab. ad Paytam.
Found in hard mud at low water.—G. B. S.
Perricona optonea. Pet. testd oblongo-ellipticd, pallescente ; radiatim costellutd ; lined dorsali posticd. rectiusculd; lamellis concentricis pluribus, postice levigatis: long. 0°9, lat. 0'5, alt. 0:7 poll. ,
Hab. ad oras Peruvie. (Pacosmayo.)
Found in hard mud at low water.—G. B. S.
Perricona souipa. Pet. testd subgloboso-ellipticd, pallescente, umbonibus extremitatibusque ambabus fusco-violaceis ; radiatim costatd, postice levigatd; lineis incrementi nonnunquam subla- mellosis, postice magis eminentibus: long. 1*3, lat. 0°8, alt. 1-0 poll.
Hab. ad oras Peruvie. (Lambeyeque.)
Found in hard clay and stones at low water.—G. B.S.
Perricoua piscors. Pet. testd oblongo-ellipticd, brunnescente ; ra- diatim costellatd, costellis acutis, posticé levi; lined dorsali rectd : long. 0°8, lat. 0°3, alt. 0°55 poll.
Hab. ad littora Peruvie. (Lambeyeque.)
Found in hard clay.—G., B. S.
Purricoia concinna. Pet. testd oblongd, pholadiformi, albicante ; concentrice costellatd; antice rotundatd, radiatim sulcatd ; dorso declivi, alterius value lamelld levigatd ; postic? acuminatiusculd,
_ cotesllis concentricis lamellosis, confertis: long. 0°8, lat. 0°35, alt. 0°35 poll.
Hab, ad Montem Christi.
Only one perfect pair and a single valve could be preserved.
Found in hard clay at low water.—G, B. S,
Perricota penticutata. Pet. testd oblongd, pholadiformi, ex- is pallescente, intis ad extremitates fusco-nigricante tinctd ; antice subrostratd, postice rotundatd; lined dorsali rectiuscula,
47
ventrali subprominuld; omnind radiatim sulcatd et concentrice striatd, striis antice sublamellosis denticulatis - long. 1°3, lat: 0°6, alt, 0°6 poll.
Hab. ad Paytam Peruviz.
Found in hard clay and stones at low water.—G, B.S,
Var. abbreviata. Testd breviore, striis sublamellosis denticulatis nullis: long.1'1, lat. 0°6, alt. 0°6 poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Platz.
Found in stones at low water.—G. B. S.
Perricoza ruGosa. Pet. testd oblongd, pholadiformi, albicante ; radiatim costellatd, tenuissimé concentricé siriatd; marginibus plerumque deformibus : long. 1°4, lat. 0°55, alt. 0°7 poll.
Hab, ad oras Chilenses. (Conception. )
Found in Balani at from three to seven fathoms depth.—G.B. S.
Perricora TENuIS. Pet. testd oblongd, pholadiformi, tenui, al- bicante ; radiatim costellatd, costellis anticis posticisque fortio- ribus, omnibus striis exilissimis rugulosis decussatis; latere antico brevissimo : long. 1*, lat. 0°5, alt. 0°55 poll.
Hab, ad littora Peruvie. (Lambeyeque & Pacosmayo.)
Found in hard clay at low water.—G. B. S.
Pzrricona ropusta. Pet. testd rotundato-subtrigond, subgibbosd, solidiusculd, extis rufescente-fuscd, intis nigricante; radiatim costatd, costis anticis tenuioribus confertioribus, posticis altio- ribus ; interstitiis omnibus exilissimé decussatim striatis; latere antico rotundato, postico subacuminato; margine dorsali declivi :
: long. 12, lat. 0°8, alt. 0°9 poll. Hab. ad Panamam et ad Insulam Muerte dictam. Found in rocks at the depth of from six to. eleven fathoms,.—G. B.S.
' Perricota amyepauina. Pet. testd tenui, subhyalind, flavescente, obovatd, levi ; latere antico brevissimo, angustiore ; postico lon= giore, altiore, lamellis nonnullis elevatis distantibus ornato : long. 1°3, lat. 0°5, alt. 0°8 poll.
Hab. ad Insulas Gallapagos. Found in Mother-of-Pearl Shells in from three to six fathoms at
Lord Hood’s Island:—G. B.S.
The following ‘“ Description of a new Genus of Gasteropoda, by W. J. Broderip, Esq., Vice President of the Geological and Zoological Societies, F.R.S., &c.”’ was read.
Scureuua.
Testa Ancyliformis, intis nitens. Apex posticus, medius, invo- lutus. Impressiones musculares due, oblongo-ovate, laterales. Apertura magna, ovata,
Animal marinum.
This genus appears to be intermediate between Ancylus and Patella, while the aspect of the back sometimes reminds the observer of Navi- cella or Crepidula, Lam. Its place will most probably be among the Cyclobranches of Cuvier.
48
The two muscular impressions are situated on each side of the in- terior a little below the summit; while, in Patella, they nearly surround the internal circumference of the same part of the shell. The aperture is generally surrounded by a margin, and the apex, which in Ancylus is oblique, is central though posterior.
Mr. Cuming brought home the following species which I now pro- ceed to describe.
ScuTELLa CRENULATA. Scut. testd subconicd, cancellatd, striis ab apice radiantibus exasperatis, albd; intis nitente; annulo mar- ginali et margine crenulatis : long. $, lat. 4, alt. sy poll.
Hab. ad insulam Anian (Chain Island).
This shell was found dead on coral sand on the beach of the island
at a distance from any fresh water.
The marginal ring is very strongly developed, and the margin it- self is not even; for when the shell is placed with the aperture down- wards on a flat surface, it rests on the two ends, the sides of the margin forming each a low arch.
ScureLa 1rtvEscens. Scut. testd oblongo-ovatd, complanatd, mi- nutissimé substriatd, albo et roseo guttatim tessellatd ; intus iri- descente, margine interno albo, roseo maculato : long. +, lat. +77, alt. 5 poll.
Hab. in Oceano Pacifico. (Grimwood’s Island.)
This species was gathered by Mr. Cuming on the sands when the tide was out. There was no fresh water near, and though he obtained several individuals in the finest condition, the soft parts were gone, having evidently but lately fallen a prey to some carnivorous crea- ture.
The shape of Scut. iridescens is very elegant, and the silvery iri- descent nacre which lines the inside of the shell, contrasted.as it is with the less brilliant but lively coloured margin, is almost dazzling. The back of the shell, which is very brittle, is mottled with white and rose colour. This disposition of its markings almost conveys the im- pression that the surface of the back is uneven ; but with the excep- tion of the very minute série, which are almost imperceptible, it is smooth.
ScuTeLia roska. Scut. testd-subconicd, striatd, albd, lineis flam- mulisque roseis ornatd; intis nitente, interdum subiridescente : long. 4, lat. +4;, alt. +4, poll.
Oss. Varietas forsan precedentis,
Hab. cum precedente.
The shape and many other points in this shell differ from those of Scut. iridescens. Externally it is much more conical and the strie which run from the apex to the interior margin are direct and minute, while those which are lateral are much coarser and cross the some- _ what elevated white parts obliquely: in Scut. iridescens, the exceed- ingly minute strié radiate evenly from the apex. In Scut. rosea we lose the brilliancy of the internal nacre which distinguishes Scut. iridescens, and, in some individuals, it is entirely absent. Still the
49
former may only be a variety of the latter: both were found to-
gether.—W. J. B. Tne Shells described in this communication were exhibited.
A note by Mr..G. Bennett, Corr. Memb. Z.S., was read. It gave an account of a Pelican now living in the grounds of Mr. Rawson at Dulwich, which wounded itself just above the breast to such an ex- tent as to expose a spacious cavity. The bandages applied to the part were repeatedly torn off by the bird for the space of ten days, at the expiration of which the wound was healed. During the whole of the time the bird was in perfect health; eating fish and drinking as usual. The scar of the wound is still readily observable.
50
June 24, 1834. Joseph Sabine, Esq., Vice President, in the Chair.
A letter was read, addressed to the Secretary by Keith E. Abbott, Esq., and dated Trebizond, Dec. 10, 1833. It referred principally toa collection of objects of Zoology formed by the writer in his neigh- bourhood and presented by him to the Society; and contained notices of other objects which he expects to be able to procure and transmit.
It also gave some account of “ the famous honey of Trebizond, which is spoken of by Xenophon in his history of the retreat of the ten thou- sand Greeks, as having produced the effect of temporary madness or rather drunkenness on the whole of the army who ate of it, without, however, causing any serious consequences. It is supposed to be from the flowers of the Azalea Pontica that the Bees extract this honey, that plant growing in abundance in this part of the country, and its blossom emitting the most exquisite odour. The effect which it has on those who eat it is, as I have myself witnessed, precisely that which Xenophon describes: when taken in a small quantity it causes violent head-ache and vomiting, and the unhappy individual who has swallowed it resembles as much as possible a tipsy man; a larger dose will completely deprive him of all sense and power of moving for some hours afterwards.” A portion of the honey accom- panied the letter, and was exhibited.
The other objects presented by Mr. Keith Abbott were also exhibited.
At the request of the Chairman, Mr. Gould brought the Birds se- verally under the notice of the Meeting. Their principal interest rested on the assistance afforded by a collection formed in such aloca- lity towards the determination of the geographical limits of certain species. Those among the Birds of Europe which are found in India also would, it is reasonable to anticipate, occur in the intermediate locality of Trebizond; but there are, among the Trebizond Birds, various European species which do not, as far as is yet known, occur in India, and the existence of which in so eastern a range is conse- quently interesting.
The following species are contained in the Trebizond collection presented to the Society by Mr. Keith Abbott. The remarks as to the localities inhabited by them respectively are by Mr. Gould.
1. Aquila pennata, Inhabiting eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia and Africa.
2. Buteo vulgaris, Bechst. European ; but not previously observed in Asia, although there is a nearly allied species in the Himalayan mountains. It has not yet been noticed in Africa.
3. Circus eruginosus. European, Indian, and African.
4. Circus cyaneus. European, African, Indian, Chinese, and North American specimens present no apparent specific differences.
51
5. Circus cineraceus. European, Indian, and African.
6. Coracias garrula, Linn. Inhabiting Europe, and abundantly Northern Africa; but hitherto not observed in India.
7. Lanius Collurio, Linn. Hitherto not obtained from India.
8. Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst. Hitherto not obtained from any lo- cality so far to the east as Trebizond.
9. Saxicola Ginanthe, Bechst. Similarly circumstanced with the last.
10. Parus major, Linn. Also similarly circumstanced.
11. Parus biarmicus, Linn. European, and of Eastern Asia; but hitherto not observed in India.
12. Pyrgita domestica, Cuv. European, and obtained also from the Nubian mountains, as well as from the Himalayan and from other parts of India.
13. Carduelis communis, Cuv. Not hitherto observed in India.
14. Emberiza miliarta, Linn. Previously not obtained from any locality so far to the east as Trebizond.
15. Sturnus vulgaris, Linn. Common to the three continents of the old world.
16: Troglodytes communis, Cuv. Not hitherto observed in India.
17. Tichodroma muraria, Ill. Inhabiting the South of Europe, and found also in the Himalayan mountains, but not in the low lands of India.
18. Otis Tetrax, Linn. Inhabiting Europe and Africa, but not India.
19. Gidicnemus crepitans, Cuv. Similarly circumstanced with the last.
20. Vanellus described.
21. Tringa variabilis, Meyer. European and American; but hi- therto not observed in India or Africa.
22. Tringa pugnax, Linn. European and Chinese.
23. Totanus Glottis, Bechst. Not hitherto observed in India or Africa.
24. Botaurus stellaris. Inhabiting the three continents of the old world.
25. Sterna Hirundo, Linn. Inhabiting Europe and America, but not observed in India.
26. Sterna leucoptera, Temm. Hitherto not observed out of Eu- rope.
27. Tadorna Vulpanser. Similarly circumstanced with the pre- ceding.
28. Anas Boschas, Linn. Almost universal.
Mr. Keith Abbott states that in addition to the above-named birds he has shot at Trebizond the following :
Falco rufipes, Bechst.
Oriolus Galbula, Linn.
Pastor roseus, Temm.
Pterocles arenarius, Temm.,
Totanus Calidris, Bechst,
? Ayoung bird of a species apparently un-
52
Totanus ochropus, Temm. Anas rutila, Pall.
At the request of the Chairman Capt. Stoddart exhibited, with the permission of the Committee of the Naval and Military Museum, three Birds forming part of that collection. These were the Columba spiloptera, Vig.; the Tetraogallus Nigellii, Gray ; and a new species of Numida, Linn., remarkable for the nakedness of the head and of the greater part of the neck; for the possession of long hackled fea- thers round the base of the neck and on the breast; and for the ab. sence of caruncle on the head. The latter bird was accompanied by a detailed description by Major-General Hardwicke, which was read. In it the author pointed out the distinctive characters between this new species and the several previously described birds of the genus Numida. It may be characterizéd as follows :
Numipa vutturina. Num. capite haud cristato collique parte an- teriore nudis, occipite tanttm brunneo-plumoso ; colli inferioris pectorisque plumis elongatis, lanceolatis, ceruleo nigroque variis, vittd albd mediand notatis; brunneo-nigra, albo guttata, fas- ciata, et lineata.
Long. a rostri ad caude apicem, 18 unc.; ad digiti medii apicem,
24; rostri, 2 unc.
Rostrum brunneo-rubrum.
The specimen was brought by Capt. Probyn from the Western Coast of Africa. From the injured condition of the tail- and wing- feathers it is evident that it had been kept in confinement, and it has the appearance of* having been under the influence of moulting when it died.
Mr. Sabine called the attention of the Meeting to a specimen of a hybrid Bird between the common Pheasant, Phasianus Colchicus, Linn., and the grey hen, Tetrao Tetrix, Linn., which was exhibited. Its legs were partially feathered ; it bore, on the shoulder, a white spot ; and its middle tail-feathers were lengthened. Mr. Sabine stated his intention of entering at some length into the history of hybrid. and cross animals in connexion with his description of this bird. It was bred in Cornwall.
A specimen was exhibited of a Bat captured in New Holland by George Bennett, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z.S. It was brought under the notice of the Meeting by Mr. Gray, who regarded it as previously undescribed. He characterized it as
RurnoLopaus MRGAPHYLLUS. Rhin. prosthemate posteriore ovato- lanceolato, faciem latitudine subequante; pallid murinus ; pa- tagiis subnudis pilis parcis albis subtas prope corpus instructis,
Long. Aumeri, 123 lin.; ulna, 224; pollicis cum ungue, 4; tibie,
9; pedis, 5; calcaris, 5 ; cauda, 12.
Hab. in Nova Hollandia, in cavernis prope fluvium Moorumbidjee
dictum. +3
53
*¢ The hinder nose-leaf is bristly, ovate-lanceolate, nearly as broad at the base as the face, with a rather produced tip; the septum of the nose is grooved ; and the front leaf expanded with a quite free mem- branaceous edge. The head is elongated ; the face depressed; the muzzle rounded; the ears are large, reaching when bent down rather beyond the tip of the nose. ‘The fur is soft and of a pale mouse colour. The membranes are dark and naked, with rather di- stant whitish hair on the under side near the sides of the body.
“This Bat is very nearly allied to the true European Rhinolophi, and agrees with them in having four cells at the base of the hinder nose-leaf, and distant pectoral teats, [t differs from them in having a much broader nose-leaf. The pits on the nose and the distant teats are not found in the other Rhinolophi, which have no hinder nose- leaf. These I propose to separate from the others under the name of Hipposiderus.”
Mr. Gray also exhibited specimens of several fresh-water Tortoises.
Of these he had recently received three from John Russel Reeves, Esq., of Canton, two of which he regarded as being previously un- described. These he now characterized as follows :
Emys nicricans. Em. testd obovato-oblongd, convexd, nigro- fused ; subtricarinatd, carind mediand obtusa posticé continud, lateralibus indistinctis distantibus ; scutellis obscuré radiatis, ver- tebralibus latis, anterioribus pentagonis ; marginibus revolutis, posticd subserratd ; infra ad latera luteo maculatd; sternum sub- convexrum, luteum, nigro variegatum.
Long. teste, 3 poll.
Hab. in China prope Canton.
This species is nearly allied in shape and colour to Em. crassi- collis, Bell, but differs by the distance and indistinctness of its la- teral keels, the convexity of its sternum, and the shape of its anterior vertebral plates. From Em. Thuvjii, Gray, it is distinguished by its smaller size, the darkness of its colour, and the yellow spotting on the under side towards the edge of the shell.
The character is taken from a half-grown shell, from which the animal had been removed.
Emys Sinensis, Em. testd ovatd, convexd, subcarinatd, olivaced nigro punctatd ; scutellis levibus, luteo strigatis, vertebralibus latis hexagonis ; marginibus integris, lateralibus subrevolutis ; sub- tas luted, maculis oblongis olivaceis nigro marginatis ornatd ; sterni lateribus subcarinatis : collo lineis tenuissimis flavis notato.
Long. teste, 5 poll.
Hao. in China,
Allied to Em. vulgaris, Gray, but easily distinguished by the orange streaks in the centre of each discal shield. ‘The under side of each of the marginal plates is marked near its hinder edge by a large oblong subquadrate olive spot, which is dotted and margined with black ; the axillary and inguinal plates are marked with a black ring. ‘The sternal plates are varied with brown.
A third undescribed species of Emys, of which a specimen was. ex-
54:
hibited by Mr.Gray, was brought from Dukhun by Lieut. Col. Sykes. It was characterized as the Emys tentoria. Em. testd ovato-oblongd, olivaced ; dorso sub- angulariter compresso ; scutellis subrugosis, vertebralium primo quadraio, reliquis elongato-hexagonis carinatis postice productis (tertio precipue) tuberculatis, marginalibus sternalibusqueflavo carinatis; sterno subplano parum elevato. Hab. in Indiz Orientalis regione Dukhun dicta. A fourth new species characterized by Mr. Gray was the Emys pLatynots. Em. testd ovatd, convexd, fuscd; dorso com- planato ; scutellorum vertebralium primo lato hexagono ; margine subintegro ; sterno plano ; capite luteo variegato. Hab, in India Orientali. Long. teste, 9 poll. The shell differs at first sight from all the other species of the ge- nus by the flatness of the middle of the back, agreeing in that cha- racter with Hydraspis planiceps, Bell.
Mr. Gray also exhibited a specimen of the fresh-water Tortoise which he had described in his ‘Synopsis Reptilium,’ under the name of Cistuda Bealti, from a drawing communicated to him by Mr. Reeves. The examination of the specimen subsequently received from Mr. Reeves has enabled him to ascertain that it is really an Emys, which is easily distinguishable from all the other known species of that ge- aus by the possession of two eye-like spots on each side of the nape : the shell is in form like that of Em. vulgaris, Gray ; its colour is dull olive, speckled with black as in Cistuda Europea, Gray, The name of the species willnow necessarily be changed to Emys Bealit.
With these Terrapins Mr. Reeves had also transmitted to Mr. Gray three specimens of Cistuda Amboinensis, Gray, two of which, differing very much from each other and from the typical species in external form, were exhibited.
_ The first is extremely heavy and solid, with a very high back. It appears to have belonged to an old animal, as the plates are worn nearly smooth ; its sternum is solid, flat, rounded before and behind, and the gular and anal pairs of plates are each united into one, leaving only a slight groove between the gular pair, showing where the division is generally placed.
The second is very much depressed, expanded on the sides, so as to be nearly orbicular, and is as wide as it islong. This extension is chiefly produced by the length of the costal plates, for the vertebral Ones are very narrow, the front one being rather longer than broad, and much narrower behind. The sternum is very broad, flat, rounded before, and slightly keeled behind. All the plates are separate,
Colonel Sykes exhibited several pieces of the leaden pipes used for the supply of water to his house, which were perforated by having been gnawed by Rats.
The following notes, by Mr. Rymer Jones, of the dissection of a
55
Tiger, Felis Tigris, Linn., which recently died at the Society's Gar- dens, were read.
The stomach was simple, 18 inches in length, and 13 in its greatest circumference, It was seated in the left hypochondriac and in the umbilical regions. The esophagus entered it at 3 inches from its cardiac end. Its mucous coat exhibited beautifully minute convoluted plice, perhaps from the arrangement of the gastric glands. The pyloric valve was little distinct.
The omentum was loaded with fat, and extended about two thirds of the distance to the pubes,
The duodenum was loosely attached by a broad mesentery, and measured in length about 12 inches: the length of the small intes- tines was 18 feet; their circumference was uniform throughout, 23 inches. The cecum was 2 inches long, and the same in circum- ference ; its form being that which is met with in the domestic Cat. The length of the large intestines was 2 feet 10 inches; their circum- ference 4 inches. The muscular coat of the intestines was thick throughout their whole extent.
The liver, when spread out, resembled in form a vine-leaf, being di- vided by deep fissures reaching nearly to the hepatic vessels. It con- sisted of five lobes, the middle one of which was the largest; this presented below a deep fissure lodging the gall-bladder, which seemed to perforate the substance of the viscus, its fundus appearing in a hole on the convex surface. The length of the gall-bladder was 3 inches ; its circumference 33; its shape pyriform; and its neck convoluted as in the domestic Cat: the length of the neck, when unravelled, was 24 inches. The bile entered the intestine at 4 inches from the pylorus, in common with the pancreatic secretion.
The pancreas was placed between the layers of peritoneum which formed the mesentery of the duodenum. It was of a long ribband- like form; 22 inches in length; 1 inch in its greatest and §ths in its least breadth,
The spleen was loosely attached to the cardiac extremity of the stomach ; of a flat, club-shaped form; and measured at its broadest part 3 inches in width, at its narrowest, 1 inch: its greatest thick- ness was + inch.
The lungs consisted of four lobes on the right and three on the left side.
The heart, of a pyramidal shape, and measuring 5 inches in length and 4 in breadth, was seated in the middle of the chest upon the ster- num. The medium thickness of the muscular parietes of the right ven- tricle was + inch, of the left ventricle, sths. There were no traces of Eustachian valve, or of valve to the coronary vein. The vene cave were two, one superior and one inferior. The primary branches of the aorta were also two.
The trachea consisted of forty-five rings, each forming rather more than a semicircle and being completed behind by a membrane which had the appearance of being muscular. It divided inferiorly into three branches, two of which passed to the right, and one to the left lung. The vocal ligaments were little prominent, and the saceculus laryngis was scarcely perceptible.
56
The pharynx was very muscular. The lining membrane of the asophagus was disposed, in its upper third, in longitudinal plice, and throughout the rest of its extent in transverse folds resembling thickly placed valvule conniventes, becoming more numerous and smaller towards the stomach. The tonsils were exceedingly small, consisting of three or four little glandular patches under the mucous membrane. The apex of the epiglottis was obtusely pointed, and much curled towards the tongue: the frenum epiglottidis contained a powerful muscle serving to raise the epiglottis: the aryteno-epi- glottidean ligament was so studded with mucous follicles as to repre- sent glandular masses. The dorsum of the tongue, 10 inches in length, was thickly studded with retroverted spines, which towards the posterior part became converted into loose, triangular, fleshy appendages attached here and there to the surface.
The supra-renal glands were imbedded in fat and situated about 1 inch internal to the anterior extremity of the kidneys ; their length was 2+ inches, their breadth 1 inch. The kidneys were 4 inches in length, 23 in breadth, and 23 in thickness. ‘They had the ordinary position and form, and exhibited on their surface the arborescent vessels observable in the Felide and Viverride generally. Their cor- tical and tubular portions were beautifully distinct; the medium thickness of the former being 3 lines. One papilla received the tubuli uriniferi of the whole kidney. The ureters terminated about linch from the neck of the bladder. The urinary bladder, of an oval shape and 6 inches in length, was so small that without disten- sion it would not have contained more than three or four ounces of fluid.
The prostate gland was 4 of an inch in diameter and @ths in thickness ; its‘form was circular, flattened from before backwards ; it was placed behind the neck of the bladder, which it did not em- brace. When cut into, its substance exhibited a rosy white colour. Its secretion resembied whey, and was poured into the urethra through several little orifices on each side of the verumontanum, which was a little eminence half aninch in length. The vasa deferentia terminated with the ducts of the prostate. Nothing analogous to vesicule se- minales was observed. Cowper’s glands were of the size of mode- rately large hazel-nuts, surrounded by a strong muscular envelope ; on cutting through this case the glandular masses were found to be of the size of large peas, the remainder of the bulk being made up by the thickness of the muscular covering; their secretion was poured out by two ducts into the bulbous portion of the urethra. The urethra was 94 inches in length; its mucous lining presented no la- cun@, and was, when slit open, ths of an inch broad at the veru- montanum, + at the membranous portion, £ at the bulb, and about ths throughout the rest of its extent. The penis was 54 inches in length; the glans measuring {ths of an inch and being of a conical form ending in a sharp point; its surface was studded with minute papille, but was quite smooth; it inclosed an ossiculum 4} of an inch in length.
The morbid appearances observed consisted of tubercular disease of the lungs, with rupture of the air cells in several places.
57
July 8, 1834. William Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.
A Letter was read addressed to the Secretary by M. Julien Desjardins, Corr. Memb. Z.S., dated Mauritius, January 10, 1834. It accompanied a collection of objects of Zoology, consisting chiefly of Mammalia and Birds, which were exhibited to the Meeting.
Mr. Gray exhibited various undescribed Shells, chiefly contained in his own collection. He characterized them as follows :
Unio Nov# Hotianpim. Un. testd oblongo-elongatd, gracilt, solida ; anticé subcompressd, levi, rotundatd, postice subventri- cosd, productd, tuberculis magnis inequalibus in seriebus curvatis radiantibus dispositis ; disco argenteo purpureo maculato, margine imfertore antice crassissima ; dente cardinali anteriore parvo, parim elevato, bituberculato ; dentibus posterioribus parvis, sub cartilaginis margine posteriore positis ; periostracd crassa, nigra.
Hab. in Nove Hollandiz flumine Macquarrie, 70 circiter mill,
ab ejus ostio.
Anopvon ParisHit. An. testa ovatd, ventricosd, solidd ; antice compressd, subproducta, sy gee posticé expansd, dilatatd, rotundatd ; margine cardinalt rectd, marginis inferiorts dimi- dium longitudine equante ; disco margaritaceo-albo; periostracd brunneo-nigrescente.
Long. 74, alt. 33 poll.
Hab. in fluviis Paraguaye.
The submarginal scar has an acute inflection under the hinder muscular one; and there are several small unequal scars behind that of the anterior adductor, as well as others, also unequal, under the umbones,
ANODON PENICILLATUS. An. testd ovata, ventricosd, crassi, solidiusculd, levi; antic? subcompressd, rotundatd, subgracilt, posticé oblique truncatd; ad marginem inferiorem postice di- latato-rotundatd; disco albe, lineis angularibus brunneo-ni- grescentibus prope cicatricem muscularem submarginalem notato; periostraca olivacea, levi,
Hab. in fluviis Paraguaye.
The black lines of the inside of the shell are deposited along the upper edge of the submarginal muscular scar, and are gradually co- vered by the pearly Jayer deposited by the surface of the mantle over the scar; the interior ones, being the most thickly covered, are the lightest in colour.
No, XIX.—ProcrEpInGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
58
There is a two-lobed oblong muscular scar at the back of the lower edge of that of the anterior adductor, There is also a small deep scar under the front of the umbones.
ANODON PORCIFER. An, testd ovatd, subventricosd, crassd, solidd ; antice convexd, rotundatd, postice productd, porcd angulari prope depressionem marginis postice ; margine inferiore postice subrotundatd ; disco nitidissimo, iridescenti-margaritaceo ; perio- stracd levi, nigré viridi radiatim picta.
Hab. in fluviis Paraguayee.
There is only a single small ovate scar behind the lower end of
that of the anterior adductor muscle; the part under the umbones is destitute of any.
Mr. Gray also exhibited specimens of several Shells, which he referred to a genus to be separated from Helix under the name of
NANINA.
Helix (pars), Fér. Vitrina (pars), Quoy.
Animal, Collare amplum, lobo dextro antico, antro respirationis in sinu posito, lobo sinistro postico lato expanso partem inferiorem teste anfractis ultimi tegente. Pes posticé truncatus, processu brevi conico dorsali supra truncaturam sito.
Testa depressa, perforata, polita; apertura lunaté ; peristomate tenui, edentulo, costa interna vel nulla vel obsoleta.
India, Chine, §c. Incole.
The shells comprised in this genus have been referred by M. De Férussac, and by most authors, to Helix: they are, however, more nearly related to Vitrina, with which M, Quoy intends placing them. But from the shell of Vitrina that of Nanina differs by being um- bilicated, as well as by its smaller mouth, The lobation of the collar of the animal of Nanina distinguishes it also from Vitrina; the collar of the latter being entire, with a linear lobe on the side ex- tending over the shell, and with the respiratory hole placed at its base, ~
The animal was first observed and figured by General Hardwicke in 1797.
The following species belong to the genus:
Nan. Nemorensis. Helix Nemorensis, Miill.
Nan. Javanensis. Hel. Javanensis, Fér.
Nan, exilis. Hel. exilis, Mull.
Nan, citrina. Hel. citrina, Linn.
Var. Hel. castanea, Miill. Hel. Rapa, Chemn.
Nan. monozonalis. Hel. monozonalis, Lam.
Nan. Clairvillia, Hel. Clairvillia, Fér.
Nan. Vitrinoides, Hel. Vitrinoides, Desh.
Nanna Juviana, Nan. testd solidd, albd; spird conveniusculd ;
59
anfractibus depressis fascid mediand brunned, ultimo antic? roseo fascid brunned axin cingente ; peristomate rotundato, roseo. .Axis 11, diam. 20 lin. Hab. in Ceylon. This is one of the most beautiful of the genus. It approaches to Nan. Javanensis, but is thicker and larger.
Nanina striata. Nan. testd solidiusculd, subpellucidd, albidd ; periostracd tenui, olivaced; spird convexiusculd, confertim trans- verse striatd ; anfractu ultimo anticé sublevi.
Axis 9, diam. 15 lin.
Mr. Gray also exhibited an extensive series of Shells of the Genus Teresra,
forming part of his own collection, and illustrating an account of many new species of that group which he presented.
He stated that the animal has asmall foot, and a very long pro- boscis, at the base of which are seated two very small tentacula; the operculum is ovate, thin, horny, rounded behind, and rather taper- ing in front. The shell is covered by a very thin, pellucid, horn- coloured periostraca: it is usually white, variously streaked with brown, the streaks being often interrupted or broken into spots by the two spiral bands of the shell; one of these bands is placed near the spiral groove and the other on the middle of the whorl. The apex of the cavity is frequently filled up by a calcareous deposition ; but this deposition has never been observed in Ter. duplicata.
The species may be divided into the following sections :
I. Anfractibus sulco spirali cingulum posterius efformante ; labio in- teriore tenui, concavo.
Oss. Cingulum in junioribus magis conspicuum ; labium internum in adultis rarissimé incrassatum.
Huic sectioni referendz sunt
Ter. maculata, Lam.
Ter. tigrina.—Buccinum felinum, Dillw.
Ter. strigata, Sow.—Buccinum elongatum, Wood, Suppl., f. 22.
Ter. dimidiata, Lam.
Ter. striatula, Lam.
Ter. flammea, Lam.
Ter. muscaria, Lam.
Ter. subulata, Lam.
Ter. oculata, Lam.
Ter. crenulata, Lam.
Ter. corrugata, Lam.
Ter. duplicata, Lam.
Ter, pertusa, Sow. Born, Mus., t. 10. f. 13.
Ter. nubeculata, Sow.
Ter. myuros, Lam.
Terepra Knorr, Ter, testd turritd, subulatd, acuminatd, solidd,
» &
60
politd ; anfractibus planis, superioribus transverse sulcatis ; albd brunneo interrupté trifasciatd, fascia posteriore lata maculis i irre- gularibus, mediand angustd, anteriore latiore maculis quadratis. Axis 24, diam. 4 unc. Knorr, Delicie, vol. iii. t. 23. f. 3. This species differs from Ter. maculata by being more slender, and by having the front of the whorls spotted. From Ter. tigrina it ‘js distinguished by the marbling of the back of the whorls.
TEREBRA AFFINIS. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, gracili, solidius- culaé ; anfractibus planis, transverse punctato-sulcatis, tenuiter spiraliter striatis, sulco spirali posteriore profundo; aperturd parvd ; albd nebulis lineisque spiralibus tribus vel quatuor sa- turaté rufis.
Axis 12 unc.
Var. a. Parva. 14 une.
b. Gracilior. 1 unc.
Allied to Ter. nubeculata, but smaller and more slender in its
proportions.
TEREBRA RUDIS. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, longitudinaliter plicatad, spiraliter sulcatd, cancellatd ; anfractibus planis, cin- gulo posteriore convexiusculo, noduloso ; aperturd mediocri; pal- lide flavd, apice flavo.
Axis 1+ unc.
Teresra striata, Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, gracillimd, levi, striis spiralibus distantibus; anfractibus convexiusculis, sulcis cur- vatis distantibus, cingulo parum noduloso, superioribus profunde sulcatis cinguloque altero albo-noduloso, ultimo anticé striis spi- ralibus frequentibus ; aperturd minimd ; pallidé brunned.
Axis 14 unc,
Resembles Ter. affinis, but the grooves are not punctate.
Teresra uNpuLATA. Ter, testd turritd, subulatd, gracillimd, longitudinaliter undatd, plicis angularibus levibus, interstitiis linearibus rufis minute punctatis ; anfractibus planiusculis, serie posticd tuberculorum alborum majusculorum ; aperturd parvd; pallide flava.
Axis 1+ unc.
TEREBRA ALBA. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, costis longitudinalibus spiralibusque frequentibus cancellatd ; anfractibus planes cingulo convexiusculo ; aperturd parvd ; albd.
Axis 3 unc.
v Terepra riava, Ter. testd turritd, ovato-subulatd, longitudina- liter plicatd plicis frequentibus equalibus, striis spiralibus fre- quentibus punctatis ; anfractibus planis, cingulo conveviusculo ; pallide flavd.
Axis 1 unc. Var. Subulata, gracilis, costis longitudinalibus magis acutis.
‘
S)
61
* Teresra puncratosTriata. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, gracili, tenui, levi, striis spiralibus distantibus punctatis, sulco spirali posteriore profundiore ; anfractibus convexiusculis, ad suturam subcrenulatis, superioribus profunde punctatis ; aperturd angustd ; pallid? rufo-flavd.
Axis 23 unc.
Terepra Graciuis. Ter. testd turritd, lineari-subulatd, pellu- cidd, levi, politd, tenuiter spiraliter striatd, plicis longitudina- libus distantibus ; anfractibus subplanis, sulco posteriore profundo ; cinered, anfractu ultimo antue purpureo.
Axis ] unc.
Hab. ad Africe oras.
TEREBRA TESSELLATA. Ter, testd turritd, subulatd, levi; anfrac- tibus planis, cingulo convexo noduloso albo, superioribus cingulo altero etiam noduloso ; albd brunneo interrupteé trifasciatd, ma- culis equalibus quadratis,
Axis (an junioris?) | unc.
This differs from all the other spotted species by the hinder belt
being destitute of spots: the belt is also more nodulose than in the other species which are marked with spots.
) Teresra variecata. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, costis spira-
libus vie prominentibus parim nodulosis ; anfractibus planis ; albd vel viridescente, seriebus tribus macularam brunnearum, maculis posterioribus quadratis inter cinguli nodulos compressos, ceteris ollongis transversis.
Axis 24 unc. Var. Pellucida, albida brunneo maculata, nodulis albis opacis.
‘Teresra piicaTa, Ter. testd turritd, ovato-subulatd, tenui, tenu- iter spiraliter striatd, costis longitudinalibus undatis albis sub- distantibus ; anfractibus planis, cingulo suhelevato costato, su- turd crenulatd; aperturd mediocri; pallidé brunned.
~ Terepra puncrata. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, gracili, acumi- natd, levi; anfractibus planis, cingulo subangusto noduloso, su- perioribus cingulo altero etiam noduloso ; aperturd parvd; pal- lid? flavescente, seriebus quatuor macularum brunnearum parva- rum in strigas aliquando confluentium.
TEREBRA LmvicaTA. Ter. testd lurrild, subulatd, gracillimd, tenur, levi, tenuissimé striatd; anfractibus planis, in medio subcarinatis, cingulo levi subelevato porcd carinatd utrinque aucto ; anfractu ultimo haud carinato ; apertura minima; al- bida.
Axis 1+ une.
Trresra tavis. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, levi; anfractibus subconcavis, in medio subcarinatis, superiortbus transverse sul-
62
catis, cungulo albo opaco angusto levi sulco subprofundo anticé porcdque angustissimd carinatd posticée aucto ; alba flavescente varid.
Axis 14 unc.
II. Anfractibus sulco spirali cingulum posterius efformante; labio interiore iucrassato subelevato.
Oss. Quoad aperturam Cerithia quodammodo simulantes.
Huic sectioni referende sunt
Ter. cerithina, Lam.
Ter. tricolor, Sow.—Ter. t@niolata, Quoy, cui proprii sunt in-
super sulcum cingulum efformantem sulci alii spirales duo.
v
TEREBRA ANOMALA. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, levi, politd; anfractibus planis, sulco spirali postico profundo crenato, pos- tice longitudinaliter plicatis ; aperturd antice subeffusd, posticé angustatd acutissima, labio intertore preesertim posticé incras- sato; alba, fascid latissima subposticd alterdque angustiore anticd cinereis vel brunneis, apice acutissimo brunneo. ee
Axis 12 unc.
TEREBRA ORNATA. Ter. testd turritd, ovato-subulatd, solida ; anfractibus planis, sulco spirali posteriore profundo, cingulo convexo subnoduloso ; aperturd ovata, labio interiore subincras=- sato declivi ; albd, seriebus quatuor macularum parvarum brun- nearum quadratarum, serierum.intermediarum maculis nonnun- quam in strigas oblongas confluentibus.
Axis 4 unc.
TEREBRA CANCELLATA. Ter. testd turritd, subulatd, sulcis spi- ralibus frequentibus profundis, plicis longitudinalibus equalibus subconfertis; anfractibus planis, sulco posteriore profundo ; aperturad subparvd, labio interiore incrassato elevato; pallidé cinerea.
Axis 14 unc.
TEREBRA STRAMINEA. Ter. testa turrita, subulatd, subrugosd, spi- raliter confertim sulcatd ; anfractibus subplanis, cingulo po- stico subelevato oblique transversim sulcato alteroque nodulorum magis rotundatorum; aperturd parvd, labio interiore posticé subcalloso ; flavescente.
Axis 24 unc.
Tzrepra TRisertata. Ter. testa turritd, subulata, gracillimd,
subcylindricd, costis spiralibus subgranulosis confertis ; cingulo postico convexo noduloso, ante hoc altero subangustiore, et tertio minore pone; aperturd minima, labio interiore subinerassato ; pallide flavescente,
Axis 12 unc.
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II. Anfractibus sulco postico nullo. * Labio interiore tenut. a. Testd elongatd, gracilt.
Ter. lanceolata, Lam. Ter. strigillata, Lam. Ter. hastata, Lam.—Ter. costata, Meench.
/) Treresra Aupipa. Ter. testd turritd, ovato-subulatd, acumi- natd, levi; anfractibus planis, suturd subimpressa ; pallide flavescenti-albida.
Axis 14 unc.
b. Testa brevi.
Ter. aciculata.—Buccinum aciculatum, Lam. Ter. polita.—Buccinum politum, Lam,
** [abio interiore incrassato, elevato ; testd brevi.
Oxs. Nasse quodammodo affines ; sed neque labium internum di- latatum, nec externum incrassatum.
Ter. lineolata, Sow. Wood, Suppl., f. 22.
Ter. Tahitensis——Buccinum Tahitense, Gmel.—Buccinum Au- strale, Sow.
Mr. Gray concluded by stating that specimens of all the species
ofLerebra enumerated by him are contained either in his private collection or+ ‘itish Museum. sh oss
Mr. Gray also exhibited an extensive series of land and _fresh- water Shells which he regarded as hitherto undescribed. He cha- racterized them as follows: ;
Heicopuanta Fatconert, Reeve, MSS. Hel. tesid ovatd, tenui, vesiculari, profundé umbilicatd ; pallide brunned, fasciis macu- lisque prope suturam saturatioribus ; apice obtuso ; anfractibus quatuor convevis, ultimo antice declivi; umbilico magno, com- presso ; peristomate simplici, fauce albd.
Hab. in Nova Hollandia.
This species is very nearly allied to Hel. magnifica, Fér., Moll., t. 10. f. 10, but differs in ,being much more umbilicated and ven- tricose, having a greater number of whorls, and being deeper co- loured.
_ Zonrres Watxerr. Zon. testd depressd, umbilicatd, politd, flavo- brunned ; anfractibus 3} citissimé majoribus, ventricosis, tenuiter concentrice striatis ; dorso striis densis spiralibus ; umbilico pro- fundo ; aperturd magnd, fauce albidd.
Axis 8 lin., diam. 1 unc.
Hab. in Nova Hollandia, 70 millia passuum circiter a Fort Mac- quarrie.
This species is allied in form and size to Zon. fuliginosus of North
Bg ” (Oi §
64
America, but differs in the back of the whorls being cancellately striated, and in the mouth being larger and more rounded.
Buiimvus atomatus. Bul. testd ovatd, acutd, tenui, imperforatd, pallide brunned, punctis brunneis triangularibus sepe strigosis notatd ; spird obtuse conicd; anfractibus paulum elevatis ; aper- turd elongatd, tertid parte spiram superante ; peristomate sim- plicit; labio interno subreflexo; columelld anticé rectd ; fauce albo.
Axis 24, diam. 14 unc.
Hab. in Noya Hollandia, 70 millia passuum circiter a Fort Mac-
quarrie.
The three following species were discovered in the interior of New Holland by Mr. Allan Cunningham, and two of them have been figured, but not described, in Mr. Griffith’s Edition of Cuvier’s ‘ Animal Kingdom.’
Heuix Cunnincuamt, Gray, in Griff. Anim. Kingd., t. 6. f. 4. Hel. testd valde depressd, albo brunneoque fasciatd ; spird pla- niusculd ; anfractibus paulum convexis, ultimo depressissimo, ro- tundato ; umbilico lutissimo anfractus omnes monstrante ; aperturd oblonga, deflexd; labio externo reflexo, subincrassato, dextror- sum rotundato, sinistrorsum complanato recto ; fauce purpuras- cente.
Axis 11, diam. 29, aperture diam. 124 lin.
Hab. in Nova Hollandia, in sylvis densis obscuris apud Hay’s Peak.
This species varies in the size of its brown bands, some individuals
being nearly white with a few narrow brown bands in the centre of the last whorl; while in others the bands spread over the whole upper part and the upper half of the lower portion of that whorl. It is allied to Hel. sepulchralis in form, but is larger and has no keeled band round the umbilicus, which is also wider; and to Hel. Ra- dama, Less., Cent. Zool., t. 9, from Madagascar, which differs from it in being thinner, of a uniform brown colour, and having a larger mouth, the front of the whorls near the umbilicus appearing also to be constantly white.
Hewix Fraserr, Gray, in Griff. Anim. Kingd., t. 6. f. 6. Hel. testd globosd, imperforatd, pallide brunned fasciis plurimis an- gustis linearibus spiralibus brunneis ; spird convexd, hemisphericd ; anfractibus rotundatis, ultimo maximo ventricoso ; aperturd ob- longd, semilunatd ; labio externo rotundato, reflexo, subincrassato, purpurascenti-brunneo ; interno vix incrassato.
Axis 19, diam. 24, aperture lat. 12, long. 14 lin.
Hab. in Nova Hollandia.
‘This species most nearly resembles Hel. crispata, but is larger
and more globular; the whorls are more ventricose, and the bands continuous : it is covered with a thin greenish horny periostraca.
65
Hxxix Jacxsoniensis. Hel. testd depressd, pallid brunned, po- lita, concentricé substriatd ; spird converd ; anfractibus planis, ultimo rotundato, depresso ; aperturd lunatd ; fauce albidd ; labio externo tenui.
Axis 3, diam. 3+ lin.
Hab. in Nova Hollandia, prope Port Jackson.
The shell resembles Hel. nitida in form, but is imperforate.
To Mr. Cunningham Mr. Gray was also indebted for three species discovered by him in Phillip’s Island, a small island about 5 miles South of Norfolk Island. These he characterized as follows :
Heuix Campsettu. Hel. testd conicd, subglobosd, depressius- culd, imperforata, subrugosd, rugis transversis densis, striisque spiralibus indistinctis ; pallidé brunned, fascia latd subposticd pallida ; spird conicd, convexd ; anfractibus planiusculis, ultimo carind mediand indistinctd, antice levi ; peristomate tenui, acuto, juata axin subincrassato, albo.
Axis 54, diam. 8+ lin.
Hab. in Insula Phillip Maris Pacifici.
Heux Purmuru. Hel. testd subglobosd, depressd, imperforata, pallide corned, pellucidd, maculis viridibus sparsis irregularibus ; transversim subdistanter rugosd ; spird convexd; anfractibus pla- niusculis, ultimo parum ventricoso, rotundato, fascid posticd sub- mediand angustd albd ; aperturd semilunatd ; labio tenui, supra axin subincrassato, albo.
Axis 5, diam. 8 lin.
Hab. in Insula Phillip.
Jun. spird planiusculd, anfractu ultimo subcarinato.
This species is allied to the former in the shape of the mouth and
structure of the lip; but the whorls are angular in the young state only, as in most of the Helices of Lamarck.
Carocotta Sropparri. Car. testd conico-subglobosd, depressi- usculd, tenuissim? rugosd, brunned pallide fasciatd vel flaves- cente fasciis saturatioribus, imperforatd ; spird conicd, convewd ; anfractibus planiusculis, ultimo indistincté in medio carinato ;
eristomate tenui, juxta axin subincrassato, acuto.
Axis 4, diam. 7 lin.
Var. 1. Testd saturate brunned, fascia prope suturam latiusculd.
Var. 2. Testd supra brunned, infra flavescente, fascid pone carinam
lata brunned.
Var. 3. Testd pallid? flavd, fascid ante carinam latd brunned.
Var. 4. Testd pallid? flavd supra brunneo subnebulosd.
Hab. in Insula Phillip.
The remaining species were described from specimens in Mr. Gray’s own collection; they were characterized as follows :
Burrus ruopostomus. Bul. testd ovatd, perforatd, solidd,
66
striatd, albidd roseo marmoratd, periostracd tenui olivaced ; su- turd tenuiter crenulatd ; anfractibus fasciis duabus posticis obscu- - ris latis ; fauce rosed ; peristomate paulum incrassato; axi antice saturate brunned. Axis 14, diam. 3 unc.
Hab. in Nova Hollandia ?
Butimus crassiuasris. Bul. testd ovata, acutd, levi, politd, albd brunneo parum tinctd ; spird conicd, apice obtuso subpro- ducto; anfractibus conveviusculis; aperturd parvd; labio externo subincrassato, interno incrassato, calloso, subrepando, perfora- tionem parvam linearem fere tegente.
Diam. $ unc.
Buuimus aricutatus. Bul. testd ovatd, elongatd, perforatd, levi, albd, strigis brunneis obliquis ; spird conicd, apice acutiusculo, saturate brunneo ; ultimo anfractu obsoletissime albo carinato ; aperturd spird breviore, subangustd ; labio externo simplice, in- terno tenui, ante columellam parum reflexo, saturate brunneo.
Axis 10, diam. 44 lin.
This shell resembles Bul. Kingii, but is more solid and has a dark
apex and pillar.
Buuimus Puxttus. Bul. testd ovatd, subcylindricd, subimperforatd, pellucidd, albidd, tenuiter striatd ; apice conico, obtusiusculo, pellucido; anfractibus novem vel decem via elevatis ; aperturd par- vd, subrotundd, semilunatd ; labiis subincrassatis rotundatis.
Axis 8, diam. 2+ lin.
Hab. “ in India Orientali ad ripas Gangis,” Dr. Royle.
It varies greatly in size, and is often much smaller.
Buuimvus Burcnertiu. Bul. testd ovato-lanceolatd, imperforatd, alba, rugosiusculd ; apice obtuso, subattenuato ; anfractibus con- veviusculis ; aperturd ovatd, spird tertid parte breviore ; labiis parum incrassatis, albis.
Axis 7, diam. 2+ lin.
Jun. anfractibus angulariter subcarinatis, labiis tenuibus.
Hab. in Africé Australi, prope Lattakoo.
The specimens were strung together to form a necklace.
Lienus tenuis. Lign. testd ovatd, subturritd, tenuissimd, albd, pellucidd, periostracd tenui glabrd fiavd indutd ; spird conicd, apice obtuso, subproducto ; anfractibus convewxis, ultimo obsole- tissime carinato, antice purpurascenti-brunneo ; columelld antice tenui, rectiusculd. ;
Axis 15, diam. 9 lin.
Hab. in Africa ?
This shell is in shape most like the young of Hel. flammigera, Fér.,
Moll., t. 118, f.5; but differs in colour, in tenuity, and in the shape of the front of the pillar-lip.
67
Heurx Coprinetonu. Hel. testd orbiculari, conicd, imperforatd, * solidiusculd, pallida irregulariter dense albo lineatd ; spird con- vead; anfractibus rotundatis, ultimo depressiusculo ; aperturd lunatd, ovatd, obliqud ; labio externo reflexo, albo, antice planius- culo, declivi, interno tenut. Axis 15, diam. 20 lin. Hab. “in Grecia apud Navarino,” S. P. Pratt, Esq.
Heuix Fipevis. Hel. testd depressiusculd, late perforatd, pallide brunned, profund? striatd, periostracd tenut pallidd indutd ; spird conicd, converd ; anfractibus elevatiusculis, citissimé majoribus, fascid suturali notatis, ultimo rotundato antice brunneo ; aper- turd obliqud ; peristomate albo, subreflexo ; fauce postice albd, antice brunned.
Axis 11, diam. 15 lin.
Var. spird paulo depressiore.
Hewrx Cracuzropu. Hel. testd depressd, tenui, late perforatd, striatd, pellucidd, albidd presertim ad spiram rufescenti-brun- neo variegatd ; spird convexd ; anfractibus elevatiusculs, ultimo obsoletissim? carinato, fascid mediand albd; peristomate simplici ; fauce brunned, maculd albd in labii medio.
Axis 9, diam. 14 lin.
Hab. in India Orientali?
This is perhaps a Nanina, but it is more largely perforated than
any of that genus of which I have seen the animal.
Hezix Maperaspatana. Hel. testd globosd, depressd, perforatd, pallid? brunned albido marmoratd, substriatd ; spird elevatius- culd ; anfractibus rotundatis, cito majoribus, ultimo ventricoso, fascid albidd submediand, antice pallidiore ; aperturd semilunatd, majusculd ; peristomate subincrassato, albido ; perforatione pro- fundd, angustd.
Axis 9, diam. 13 lin.
Hab. “in India Orientali, 200 millia passuum circiter a Maderas-
‘patana versus Africum,” J. W. Heath, Esq.
While on the subject of Indian Helices, Mr. Gray remarked that Hel. ligulata, Fér., Moll., t. 31. f. 2, 3, is a common Indian species; and that Hel. cicatricosa, Chemn., vol. ix. t.109. f. 913, is found in the more elevated regions of India, and has lately been described by Mr. Lea under the name of Hel. Himalayana.
CarocottA Novw Hoxuranpix. Car. testd orbiculari, conicd, subdepressd, subperforatd, tenui, levi, tenuissime elevato-punc- tatd, pallide fulvd ; spird conicd, convexd ; anfractibus sex di- stinctis, fascid brunned submediand ; ultimo pallide angulariter carinato, antice convexo, circum axin saturate brunneo ; aper- turd subangulatd ; peristomate pone carinam subinflexo, subin- crassato, reflero, nigro; labio interno tenui, brunneo ; fauce albidd, fascia pellucida. .
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Axis 9, diam. 14 lin. Hab. in Nova Hollandia, 200 millia passuum ab Ostio Fluvii Macquarrie.
Hexix GRANIFERA. Hel. testd conicd, orbiculari, depressiusculd, . imperforatd, pallide brunned, granis minutis albis aspersd ; spird converd, obtusd ; anfractibus vix elevatis, ultimo acuté carinato, antice conveciusculo ; aperiurd ovato-trigond ; labiis incrassatis, reflexis, albis, externo antic? recto, inequaliter 3-dentato, dentibus duobus internis obliquis approximatis, externo majore distante compresso.
Axis 7, diam. 1] lin.
Hab. vulgaris in India Occidentali.
Hewix pacnyeastra. Hel. testd orbiculari, depressd, imperfo- ratd, badid, levi, tenuiter striatd ; spird convexiusculd ; anfrac- tibus planis, ultimo ventricoso, rotundato, obsoletissime in medio carinato; aperiurd subtrigond ; labiis incrassatis callosis, externo antic? intis dente parvo extus plicd majore instructo.
Axis 44, diam. 8 lin.
Mr. Gray observed on this character that he calls that a tooth which is solid, and that a plait which is marked externally by a corresponding groove. Thus the Chondri of Cuvier have toothed mouths, and the Pupe and Clausilie plaited.
The exhibition was resumed of the new species of Shells contained in the collection formed by Mr. Cuming, chiefly on the Western Coast of South America and among the islands of the South Pacific Ocean. Those brought on the present occasion under the notice of the Society were accompanied by observations and characters by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, and comprised the following species of the
Genus Puouas.
«©The utmost caution is necessary in the examination and de- scription of the various sorts of Pholades, on account of the extraor- dinary difference in the form of the same species in different stages of growth. The addition of accessory valves also, as they increase in age, must be carefully observed, in order to guard against too implicit a confidence in their number and form. And though I might be considered guilty of asserting a truism by stating that the difference in size of different individuals of the same species may and sometimes does mislead the tyro in the science of Malacology ; lest such differeuce should mislead the adept also, let him too pro- ceed cautiously, and when he finds a fully grown shell of halfan inch in length agreeing perfectly in proportions and characters with an- other of two inches long, let him not conclude that it is a distinct species, but if he can find no other difference except that which exists in their dimensions, let him consider the one a giant, the other adwarf. Let it be remembered that among the Cypree it is not un-
69
common to observe young shells of three inches in length, and fully grown ones of the same sort only one inch in length ; likewise, of the well-known British Pholades there are individuals quite in a young state of two inches in length, and perfectly formed shells of the same species not more than half an inch long. For an instance in demonstration I need only refer to the Phol. papyraceus, so abundant at Torquay, of which the young shells have been considered by many as a distinct species and have been named by Dr. Turton Phol. lamellosus. This varies in size exceedingly, so that it may be obtained both in an incomplete and young state and in a fully grown condition from half an inch to nearly two inches in length. The circumstance of its having rarely occurred in an: intermediate state of growth, when the anterior opening is only partly closed and the accessory valves only partly formed, led Dr. Turton and others to persist in regarding the young and old as two distinct species. Other similar instances will be shown in the course of the present concise account of some hitherto undescribed species of the same genus brought to England by Mr. Cuming.”—G. B. S.
Puoas crucicEr. Phol. testd oblongd, scabrd, marginibus an- tica ventrali apertd, anticd dorsali reflexd ; valvd accessoria ernie posticd, transversd: long. 1°7, lat. 0°65, alt, 0-7
oll.
Hab. ad oras Columbiz Occidentalis et Americe Centralis.
In this species the anterior ventral opening is somewhat more closed in some specimens than in others. It appears to form only one accessory valve, which crosses the valves behind the umbones: the dorsal margins are closed by epidermis.
Found in three localities ; namely, in soft sandstone at half-tide on the shores of the island of Puna in the Gulf of Guayaquil ; in soft stone at low water in the Bay of Caraccas ; both in West Columbia ; ; and in hard clay at a depth of thirteen fathoms in the Gulf of No- coiyo in Central America.—G. B.S
Paonas CurLoensis, var. parva. Phol. Chiloensis, testd parva, tenuiore: long. 1°6, lat. 0°6, alt. 0°6 poll.
Found in soft stone at a depth of seventeen fathoms at the island of Plata, West Columbia.—G. B.S
Puoxtas sustruncaTa. Phol. testd ovato-oblongd, scabrd, postice rotundato-subtruncatd, levi; margine anticd ventrali hiatumazimo ; valvd accessorid solitarid, anticd, lanceolatd, antic acuminatd : long. 1°9, lat. 0-9, alt. 0°8 poll.
Hab. ad Insulam Platz, Columbiz Occidentalis.
Found in soft stone at a depth of seventeen fathoms. Very like
our British Pholas parva.—G. B.S.
Puouas catva, Gray, MSS. Phol. testd ovatd, antice retusd, postice subacuminatd, hiante ; valvis singulis in areas tres divi- sis ; areis, anticd scabriusculd ; intermedid epidermide corned lon-
70
gitudinaliter striatd indutd ; posticd squamis corneis, postice ro- tundatis, imbricatis, levibus, gradatim minoribus, ornatd; parte anticd ventrali clausd levigatd ; valvd accessorid anticd dorsali maximd, levi, quingquelobatd ; marginibus dorsali ventralique posticis epidermide corneo-testaced obtectis : long. 2°, lat. 1, alt. 1-1 poll.
Hab. ad Sinum Paname.
Oss. Test junioris parte antica ventrali apertaé, hiatu maximo ; valva accessoria nulla, marginibus dorsali ventralique posticis haud obtectis: long. 1°5, lat. 0°7, alt. 0°7 poll.
This is another remarkable instance of extreme dissimilarity be- tween the young and fully grown shells; the large anterior ventral opening, so conspicuous in the young shell, being completely closed up in the fully grown individual; the enormous accessory valve co- vering the wmbones and spreading widely over the anterior dorsal parts of the shell is also a remarkable addition formed at its full growth.
Found in Spondyli, at a depth of twelve fathoms, at the Isle of Perico in the Bay of Panama: the young shells have also been taken out of hard stones at low water in the same place.—G. B. 8.
Puowas catva, var. nana. Phol. calva, testd nand: long. 0°5, lat. 0°25, alt. 0°25 poll.
Hab. ad Panamam.
Found in hard stones at low water.—G. B. §.,
Portas acuminata. Phol. testd ovatd, antice rotundatd, postice acuminatd, hiatu minimo ; valvis singulis in areas tres divisis ; areis, anticd scabriusculd ; intermedid epidermide corned lon- gitudinaliter striatd induta ; posticd squamis corneis, postic® acu- minatis, imbricatis, levibus, gradatim minoribus, ornatd ; parte anticd ventrali clausd, levigatd ; valvd accessorid anticd dorsali magnd, subtetragond, antice unilobatd ; marginibus ventrali dor- salique epidermide corneo-testaced obtectis, tegmine dorsali antic inflato : long. 2°, lat, 0°9, alt. O°9 poll,
Hab. ad Panamam.
Found in limestone at low water. The same sort of difference is observable between the young and fully grown shells in this species as in Phol. calva.
One specimen of this shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection merits particular notice. It demonstrates a fact of considerable importance to geologists. It is in argillaceous limestone, very much resem- bling lias, and in forming the cavity in which it resides, it has, by such chemical process as frequently takes place, absorbed a much greater quantity of the rock than could be retained or converted ; this is again deposited at the upper part of the cavity; and thus the rock is recomposed.——-G. B. 8. ,
Puotas mELANURA. Phol. testd ovatd, anticé rotundatd, posticé obtusd, hiatu mediocri ; valvis fascid impressd transversim sul-
71
catd dimidiatis ; areis, anticd oblique divisd, parte posticd dorsali radiatim corrugatd, parte anticd ventrali tenuiore, inflatd ; po- sticd longitudinaliter striatd, postice epidermide nigrd indutd ; margine dorsali anticd inflato-reflexd ; valvis accessoriis duabus, posticis, subtrigonis, superne fornicatis: long. 1°4, lat. 0°75, alt. 0°8 poll.
Hab. ad Montem Christi, Columbize Occidentalis.
Found in hard clay at low water.—G. B.S.
Puoras tTusirerA. Phol. testd oblongd, postice subattenuatd, sub- truncatd, antic? rotundatd; valvis fascid transversim sulcatd di- midiatis ; areis, anticd oblique divisd, parte posticd dorsali radi- atim sulcatd, decussatd, parte anticd ventrali tenuiore, subin- flatd ; posticd longitudinaliter striatd ; margine dorsali anticd reflexo-inflatd; valvis accessoriis dorsalibus duabus, posticis, sub- ovatis ; epidermide postice in duas valvas planulatas decurrente, deinde tubulum calcareum ad extremam partem conspicuum : long. 1:3, lat. 0°5, alt. 0°45 poll.
Hab. ad Sinum Caraccensem, Columbiz Occidentalis.
Oss. Testa intermediz etatis tubulum caret.
Found in decayed wood dredged up at ten fathoms’ depth.
A marked resemblance may be easily traced between this and the
Pholas papyracea of Southern Devonshire.
Puotas Quapra. Phol. testd oblongd, tenuissimd, antice inflatd, rotundatd, postice subattenuatd, subtruncatd; valvis fascid trans- versim sulcatd dimidiatis ; areis, anticd oblique divisd, parte posticd dorsali concentricé lamellosd, lamellis squamuliferis, parte an- ticd ventrali tenuiore, inflatd, radiatim obsolete costellatd; po- sticd longitudinaliter sulcatd ; margine dorsali anticd concavo- reflerd, musculum recipiente, epidermide obtectd; epidermide postice in vesiculas quatuor, undique duas, decurrente ; deinde tu- bulum calcareum ad extremam partem conspicuum : long. 1°, lat. 0°3, alt. 0°3 poll.
Hab. ad Montem Christi, Columbiz Occidentalis.
Found in stones at low water.—G. B. 8.
Protas Quanra, var. Phol. Quadra, testd parvd, margine dorsali
anticd inflato-reflexd.
Hab. ad Montem Christi.
This variety differs only in the circumstance of the epidermis which covered the muscle contained in the concave reflected ante- rior dorsal margin being changed into calcareous matter. The young shells are without any tube or other accessory parts.—
B.S.
Puoxas curta. Phol. testd ovali, postice acuminatd, antice ro- tundatd; valvis fascid transversim sulcatd dimidiatis ; areis, an- ticd oblique divisd, parte posticd dorsali longitudinaliter striata et radiatim corrugatd, parte anticd ventrali tenuiore, subinflatd ;
72
posticd concentrice striatd; valvd accessoria solitarid, dorsali, anticd, utrdque extremitate subacuminatd, medio coarctatd ; mar- ginibus ventrali dorsalique epidermide corneo-testaced obtectis, parte dorsali postice furcatd: long. O°6, lat. 0°3, alt. 0°35 ’ poll.
Hab. ad littora Columbiz Occidentalis.
From the Isle of Lions, Province of Veragua, in soft stone at low
water.—G. B.S.
Puotas cornea. Phol. testd oblongd, tenui, anticé rotundatd, po- stice obtusd ; epidermide tenui corned indutd ; valvis fascid dimi- diatis; ared anticd oblique divisd, parte posticd dorsali rugosius- culd, parte anticd levi; ared posticd majore, levigatd ; valvis accessoriis tribus, anticd dorsali rotundatd, postice subemargi- natd, antice subacuminatd ; hiatu postico magno : long. 0°9, lat. 0°5, alt. 0°5 poll.
Hab. ad littora Columbiz Occidentalis.
Found in the trunk of a tree at low water at Chiriqui in the pro-
vince of Veragua.—G. B.S.
The whole of the Toucans of the Society’s collection were exhi- bited in illustration of an account given by Mr. Gould, at the re- quest of the Chairman, of the species of Ramphastos, Ill., and Ptero- glossus, Ej., constituting the family Ramphastide. Mr. Gould’s attention having been of late particularly directed to this family in the preparation of a Monograph of it, illustrated by coloured figures of all the birds comprised in it, he was enabled to state the existence of the under-mentioned species of the
Fam. Rampuastipaz, Vig.
Rostrum magnum, ad basin nudum ; tomiis serratis. Lingua pectinata. Pedes scansorii.
Genus Rampuastos, Jil.
Ramphastos (pars), Linn. Rostrum maximum. ~
Nares frontales, prope basin maxille site.
Cauda xqualis.
Nigri, torque pectorali tectricibusque caude inferioribus coccineis, pe- dibus ceruleis. Rostrum, guttur, tectrices caude superiores, orbite- que nude discolores.
* Caude tectricibus superioribus flavis.
RaMPHASTOS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS, Gmel. Ramph. rostro rubro, culmine fascidque basali flavis, hdc postice lined antic? fascid to- miisque nigris.
Long. tot. .23 poll. ; rostri, 64; ale, 84; caude, 64; tarsi, 2.
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Red-beaked Toucan, Edw., Gleanings, ¢. 238.—Lath., Syn., tom. i. p. 328.
Bice yiinstos erythrorhynchus, Gmel. et Auct.
Tucana Cayennensis gutture albo, Briss., Orn., tom. iv. p. 416. #31. f. 2.
Toucan, Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., tom. ii. t. 3.
Toucan 4 collier jaune? Jd., Ib., t. 4.
Toucan a gorge blanche de Cayenne, appellé Toucan, Buff., Pl. Enl., n. 262.
Ramphastos Levaillantii? Wagl., Syst. Avium.
Hab. in Cayenna, Guiana, et ad ripas fluvii Amazonum.
Descr. Torques pectoralis mediocris. Irides rubre. Orbite ce- rule. Guttur album sulphureo nonnunquam tinctum.
Rampuastos Cuviert, Wagl. Ramph. rostro nigro, culmine fas- cidque basali luteis, lateribus conveais. Long. tot. 24 poll.; rostri, 74; ale, 9; caud@, 64; tarsi, 2. Ramphastos Cuvieri, Wagl., Syst. Avium. Hab. propé fluvium Amazonum ? Descr. Precedenti coloribus simillimus; sed paulld major, rostrique colores alii. Tectrices caudz superiores aurantio tincte.
RamPuastTos cutmrinatus, Gould. Ramph. rostro nigro, culmine fascidque basali stramineis, lateribus compressis subconcavis.
Long. tot. 1S—20 poll.; rostri, 4—5; ale, 841—9; caude, 64—7; tarsi, 2.
Ramphastos culminatus, Gould, in Proceedings Zool. Soc., Part i. p. 70.
Descr. Precedenti simillimus, sed minor; mandibula superior compressa, nec ad latera convexa. ‘Tectrices caude superiores po- sticé in aurantio-coccineum vergentes.
** Caude tectricibus superioribus albis.
Rampuastos Swainsonu, Gould. Ramph. rostro oblique dimi- diatim flavo, torque pectorali lined albd anticé auctd. Long. tot. 18 unc. ; rostri,54—6; ale, 9; caude, 64; tarsi, 14. Ramphastos Swainsonii, Gould, in Proceedings Zool. Soc., Part i. p. 29. Tocard ? Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., tom. ii. pl. 9.
Ramphastos ambiguus? Swains., Zool. Ill., pl. 168.
Hab. in Columbia et in Mexico Australi.
Descr. Rostri pars superior flava; pars inferior (pro tempes- tate?) colore variat, quippe aliquando nigra, aliquando rufa nigro, presertim anticé, cincta. Guttur flavum, a torque pectorali coccinea linea alba sejunctum. Irides, orbiteeque ccerulee.
RaMPHASTOS CARINATUS, Swains. Ramph. rostro ad apicem san- guineo, mandibuld superiore viridi culmine maculdque irregulart utringue ad tomium flavis, inferiore ceruled.
B
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Long. tot. 20 unc. ; rostri, 6; ale, 8; caude, 7; tarsi, 2.
Ramphastos carinatus, Swains., Zool. Ill., pl. 45.
Brazilian Pie, Hdw., Glean., vol. ii. t. 64.
Yellow-breasted Toucan, Jd., [b., vol. ili. p. 253. t. 329. (adul- tus).
Ramphastos Tucanus?, Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. viii. p. 362.
Hab. in Mexico.
Descr. Precedenti coloribus simillimus. Linea alba pectoralis nulla. Rostrum pluricolor compressum, fascia angusta basali nigra cinctum.
Rampnastos Toco, Gmel. Ramph. caude tectricibus superioribus
caude dimidium longitudine equantibus.
Long. tot. 27 unc. ; rostri, 74; ale, 10; caude, 7; tarsi, 2.
- Toucan de Cayenne appellé Toco, Buff., Pl. Enl., n. 82.
Ramphastos Toco, Auwct.
Toco, Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., tom. iii. p. 7. t. 2.
Hab. in Guiana et ad fluvium Platz.
Descr. Maximus. Cauda subabbreviata. Rostrum maximum, au- rantiacum, fascid basali maculaque magna utrinque ad apicem mandibule superioris nigris. Guttur album. Torques pectoralis sub- evanescens, Orbitz rubre.
*** Caude tectricibus superioribus coccineis.
Rampuastos viTeLuinvs, Ill. Ramph. rostro nigro, fascid prope basin ceruled cincto ; gutturis flavi marginibus genisque albidis. Long. tot. 17—18 unc.; rostri, 5; ale, 7; caude, 64, tarsi, 13. Ramphastos vitellinus, duct.—Swains., Zool Iil., pl. 56. Pignancoin, Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., tom. ii. pl. 7. Hab. in Guiana, Cayenna, et ad fluvium Amazonum. ’ Descr. Guttur in medio aurantiaco-flavum, latera versus multo- ties pallidius, presertim ad genas auresque ubi in album eyadit. Torques pectoralis latior. Orbit ccerulez. Irides rubre.
Rampuastos Arret, Vig. Ramph. rostro nigro, fascid prope ba- sin flavd, culmine basin versus ceruleo; gutture flavo fascid pallide flavd a pectoris torque latd coccined sejuncto.
Long. tot. 18 unc.; rostri, 4; ale, 74; caude, 64; tarsi, 14.
Ramphastos Ariel, Vig., in Zool. Journ., vol. ii. p. 466.
Ramphastos Tucanus, Linn. ?
Tucana Brasiliensis gutture luteo, Briss., Orn., vol. iv. p.419.
ot SF Pa an le
Toucan a gorge jaune de Brésil, Buff., Pl. Enl., n. 307.
Toucan de Para, Vieill., Gal. des Ois., Suppl.
Ramphastos Temminckii, Wagl., Syst. Avium:
Hab. in Brasilia.
Descr. Irides cerulez. Orbitz rubre.
-Rampuastos picotorus, Linn. Ramph. rostro viridescente, fas- cid basali nigrd ; pectore coccineo.
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Long. tot. 14-17 unc.; rostri, 23-34; ale, 7; caude, 61; tar- Sh LE.
Ramphastos dicolorus, Auct.
Yellow-throated Toucan, Lath., Syn., vol. i. p. 325.
Petit Toucan a ventre rouge, Le Vaill., Hist. Nat. des Toucans, pl. 8. ' Tucai, Azar., Voy., tom. il. p. 148.
Ramphastos Tucai, Licht., Cat., p. 7.
Ramphastos chlororhynchus, Temm., Man. d’Orn.
Hab. in Brasilia.
Descr. Guttur flavum in medio subaurantiacum. Pectus totum coccineum. Irides cceruleze. Orbitz rubre.
Oss. In junioribus rostrum brevius, sordide flavum.
Genus Preroctossus, J/l.
Rostrum magnum.
Nares supere, in maxille basi site.
Cauda gradata.
Supra viridescentes, uropygio (nisi in perpaucis) discolore ; subtis, capite, collo, rostro, orbitisque nudis utplurimim discoloribus ; pe- des cerulei.
Preroctossus Aracart, Ill. Pter. gastreo flavo, fascid latd coccined; rostro flavescente, culmine mawilldque inferiore nigris.
Long. tot. 18-19 unc. ; rosir?, 4-5 ; ale, 6; caude, 74; tarsi, 14.
Pteroglossus Aracari, Ill., et Auct.
Ramphastos Aracari, Linn.
Aracari 4 ventre rouge, Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., tom.ii, p. 29. pl. 20.
‘Hab. in Brasilia.
‘Descr. Caput collumque nigra. Uropygium coccineum. Pectus yenterque maculis indistinctis sparsis coccineis notati. Orbitz cce- ruler. Rostrum ad basin lined elevata flavescente cinctum.
PrerocLossus rREGALIS, Licht. Pter. gastreo flavo, maculd pec-
torali nigrd, fascid antic? nigrd postice coccined subventrali.
Long. tot. 15-17 unc.; rostri, 4-43; ale, 6; caude, 74; tar- si, 14.
Hab. in Mexico.
Descr. Rostrum flavescens, culmine, maxille superioris serra- turis, maxillaque inferiore nigris; hac ad. basin linea elevata fla- vescente cincta. Caput collumque nigra, hoc superné castaneo inferné coccineo posticé cincto. Pectus, venter, femoraque macu- lis indistinctis sparsis coccineis notati. Fascia gastrzi bicolor pectus inter et ventrem interposita. Uropygium coccineum. Orbite co- rulez.
PrrrocLossus castanotis, Gould. Pter. gastreo flavo, fascid latd coccined ; auribus castaneis. Long. tot. 174 unc. ; rostri, 5; ale, 64; caude, 74; tarsi, 1%.
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Pteroglossus castanotis, Gould, in Proceedings Zool. Soc., Parti. p. 119.
Hab. in Brasilia.
Descr. Pteroglosso Aracari simillimus, nisi rostri capitisque co- loribus. Rostrum flavum, culmine, maxilld inferiore (preter li- neam elevatam flavam basalem), maxilla superiore obliqué dimidi- atim, serraturisque nigris. Genz auresque vel etiam gula nucha- que castanez.
PTEROGLOssuS BITORQUATUS, Vig. Pter. pectore nuchdque coc-
cineis.
Long. tot. 14. unc.; rostri, 3; ale, 5; caude, 6; tars?, 14.
Pteroglossus bitorquatus, Vig., in Zool. Journ., vol. ii. p. 481.
Hab, in Guiana.
Descr. Rostrum flavescenti-albidum, maxillz inferioris dimidio apicali obliqué nigro, Caput supra nigrum. Capitis latera guttur- que castanea, hoc posticé torque angusta nigré alterdque flava cincto. Venter crissumque flavi. Uropygium coccineum, Orbitz rubre.
Oss. Fascia flava inter guttur et pectus aliquando deest.
PrEROGLossuS AZAR®, Wagl. Pter. pectore coccineo, fascia latd
nigrd.
Long. tot. 15 unc.
“ Aracari Azara, Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., Suppl., p. 40. t. A.” fide Wagler.
Ramphastos Azare, Vieill., Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., tom. xxxiv. p. 282.
Pteroglossus Azare, Wagl., Syst. Avium.
Hab, rarissimus “ in Brasilia.” Wagl.
Descr. Rostrum flavum, serraturis nigris. Nucha castanea. Fascia flava inter guttur et pectus nulla. Orbite ccerulee. In ceteris precedenti simillimus.
Ozs. Maxilla superior aliquando obliqué dimidiatim fusco-vi- ridis.
PTEROGLOssuUS ULocomus, Gould. Pter. plumis capitis, genarum,
nucheque foliiferis.
Long. tot. 18 unc.; rostri, 4; ale, 53; cauda, 7+; tarsi, 2+.
Pteroglossus ulocomus, Gould, in Proceedings Zool. Soc., Part i. p- 38.
Hab. prope fluvium Amazonum ?
Descr. Verticis plume late, haud barbate, crispe, nigra, niti- dissime; occipitis nuchzeque magis angustz, spatulate, itidem nigre ; genarum guleque magis spatulate, flavidé albescentes nigro api- culate. Rostrum elongatum, albo serratum, ad apicem aurantiaco- flavum, linea elevaté basin cingente rubra; culmine aurantiaco, vitté utrinque lata sordidé ccerulea, lateribus basin versus rubris ; maxilla inferiore, preter apicem aurantiaco-flavum, straminea. Ju- gulum gastreeumque flava, pectore parcé ventre confertim coccineo
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maculatis, pectoris maculis sublunatis, ventris fascias interruptas simulantibus. Interscapulium uropygiumque coccinea. Orbite cerulee.
PreroGLossus HyPoGLAucus, Gould. Pter. subtis cceruleo-
canus, crisso coccineo.
Long. tot. 184 unc.; rostri, 4; ale, 64; caude, 7; tarsi, 13.
Pteroglossus hypoglaucus, Gould, in Proceedings Zool. Soc., Part. i. p. 70.
Hab. in Columbia.
Descr. Colorum diversitate singularis admodum. Corpus totum subtus, preter crissum coccineum, cceruleo-canum. Caput caudaque nigra. Nucha ceeruleo-cana. Interscapulium, tergum, et pteromata olivaceo-brunnea. Uropygium flavum. Remiges secundarii virides. Rectrices ad apices brunnei. Mandibularum basis obliqué flava, utrinque macula fascizeformi nigra notata; superior, nisi ad basin, sanguinea ; inferioris dimidium apicale nigrum. Orbite ccerulee.
Preroctossus BaiLionr, Wag]. Pter. subtis et ad caput cro- ceus,
Long. tot. 14-16 une. ; vostr7, 24-34 ; ale, 54; caude@, 74; tarsi, 14.
Pteroglossus Bailloni, Wagl., Syst. Avium.
Aracari Baillon, Le Vaill., Ois.de Par., tom. ii. p. 44, t. 18.
Ramphastos Bailloni, Vietl/., Nowv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., tom. xxxiv. p. 283.
Pteroglossus croceus, Jard. & Selby, Ill. of Orn., vol. i, pl. 6.
Hab. in Brasilia.
Descr. Simplex. Supra olivaceo-viridis, fronte flavo, uropygio coccineo. Subtis croceus. Rostrum lutescens, basin versus in oli- vaceum transiens. Orbite rubre.
PreroGLossus virinis, Ill. Pter. gastreo luteo ; rostro superné
flavo, in medio aurantiaco, inferné violaceo-nigro.
Long. tot. 14 unc.; rostri, 33; ale, 42; caude, 5; tarsi, 11,
Green Toucan, Lath., Syn., vol. i. p. 331.
Tucana Cayanensis viridis, Briss., Orn., vol. iv. p. 423. t. 33. f.1.
Toucan verd de Cayenne, Buff, Pl. Enl., n. 727. (mas.), 728. (fcem.)
Ramphastos viridis, Linn.
Hab. in Demerara, Guiana, &c.
Descr. Supra olivaceo-viridis, subtus luteus; uropygio cocci- neo. Capite colloque in mari atris, in foemina castaneis. Rostrum robustum, culmine laté sordidé flavo linea longitudinali a lateribus aurantiacis mandibule superioris discreto ; mandibula inferiore vio- laceo-nigra, ad basin rosea, Orbite ccerulee.
PrEROGLOSSUS INSCRIPTUS, Swains. Pter. gastreo flavo ; rostro flavo, culmine, apice, serraturarum maculis transversis, fascidque prope basin nigris.
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Long. tot, 12-13 unc. ; rostri, 23; ale, 4; caude@, 5; tarsi, 1+.
Pteroglossus inscriptus, Swains., Zool. Lil., pl. 90.
Hab. in Guiana.
Descr. Precedenti coloribus simillimus ; abdomen magis flavum, rostrumque maximé diversum.
PreEROGLOSSUS MACULIROSTRIS, Licht. Pter. ventre lutescente, crisso coccineo ; mandibule superioris lateribus maculis transversis nigris subfasciatis. Long. tot. 12 unc.; rostri, 21; ale, 43; caud@,5; tarsi, 13. Aracari Koulik du Brésil, Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., vol. ii, p.45. t. 15. “ Suppl. p.41. 7 AA (mas.).” fide Wagler.
Aracari 4 bec tacheté; Ramphastos maculatus, Vieill., Gal. des Ois., tom, ii.
Pteroglossus maculatus, Jard. and Selby, Ill. of Orn., vol. i. pl. 26.
Hab. in Brasilia. ~
Descr. Uropygium cum stragulo concolor. Fascia lunata inter cervicem et stragulum sulphurea, Caput (preter genas auresque), collum, pectusque in mari aterrima, in foemind castanea; gene in mari aurantiace, in foemind viridescenti-brunnee ; aures sulphurei, foemine macgis sordidi. Rostrum pro genere brevius, cinerascens, ad culmen in olivaceum vergens, ad latera maculis irregularibus nigris circiter quatuor notatum. Rectrices sex intermedii rufes- centi-brunneo apiculati. Orbitz coerulez.
Preroctossus Cutix, Wagl, Pter. ventre imo olivaceo, crisso
coccineo ; rostro nigro busin versus in rubrum transeunte. _
Long. tot. 12-13 unc.; rostri, 23; ale, 44; caud@, 4+; tarsi, 1i.
Aracari Koulik de la Guiane, Le Vaill., Ois. de Par., tom. ii, p. 41.
1.13; 3 Green Toucan, Edw., Glean., vol. iii. pl. 330.
Toucan a collier de Cayenne, Buff, Pl. Enl., n. 577 (mas.).
Toucan 4 ventre gris de Cayenne, Id., Ib., n. 729 (foem.).
Ramphastos piperivorus, Linn.
Pteroglossus Culik, Wagl., Syst. Av.
——_—-— Reinwardtii? Jd,, Ib.
——_——-— Langsdorffii? Jd., Id.
Hab, in Cayenna et Guiana.
Descr. Precedenti simillimus mas differt rostro, rectricibus om- nibus castaneo apiculatis, genisque cum auribus concoloribus flavis. Foeminz caput superné nigrum; collum castaneum ; fascia cervi- calis nulla; genz auresque flave; jugulum pectusque ceruleo- cana. Orbit, in sexu utroque, ceerulez.
Prerocossus prasinus, Licht. Pter. supra aureo-viridis, uro- pygio concolore ; subtis viridis ; crisso rectricumque apicibus rufis ; genis guldque ulbescentibus.
Long. tot. 13 poll. ; rostri, 3.
Hab. in Mexico.
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Descr. Rostrum flavum, culminis strigi, maculé ante nares, alter4 longitudinali ad tomium, mandibulaque nigris. Rectrices ante apices rufos remigesque in cceruleum vergentes,
Ozs. In junioribus maxilla ad basin rufo nebulosa apicem versus in flavum et lutescentem transit. In his venter sordidé vi- ridis.
PYrEROGLOSSUS SULCATUS, Swains, Pier. viridis, uropygio cris-
soque concoloribus ; guld albescente ; genis cceruleis.
Long. tot. 11-13 poll.; rostri, 3-34; ale, 5; caude@, 4%; tar- $2, 14.
Pteroglossus sulcatus, Swains., in Journ. Roy. Instit., vol. ix. p- 267. Zool. Ill., pl.44. Temm., Pl. Col., pl. 356.
Hab. in Guiana.
Descr. Subunicolor. Remiges rectricesque in cceruleum ad apices vergentes. Rostrum pro genere brevius, latum, ad latera et superné complanatum; maxillz latera 2-, mandibule 1-sulcata: nigrum, culmine apiceque saturaté rufo-brunneis, mandibule an- gulo sanguineo.
The whole of the species characterized above are figured in Mr. Gould’s ‘Monograph of the Ramphastidz,’ which is just completed ; and all of them, with the exception of Pteroglossus Azar, Pter. in- scriptus, and Pter. prasinus, are contained in the Society’s collec- tion, and were exhibited to the Meeting.
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July 22, 1834. William Yarrell, Esq., in the Chair.
A letter was read, addressed to Mr. Vigors by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z.S., and dated Nepal Residency, February 14, 1834. It referred to various living animals which it is the intention of the writer to forward to Calcutta for transmission to England during the ensuing season. It also referred to a collection of skins of Mammalia and Birds which have already been dispatched by Mr. Hodgson for the Society. Among them are skins of the Chiru Antelope, Antilope cent Abel, male and female; and the writer refers to these as elucidating the points which had been unascer- tained by him at the time of making to the Society his several pre- vious communications, abstracts of which have been published in the Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence, Part i. p. 52, and Part ii. p. 14 ; and in the Proceedings of the So- ciety, Part i. p. 110.
The communications referred to “ left only the inguinal pores, the number of teats in the female, and the fact of her being cornute or otherwise, doubtful : those points are now cleared up. The female is hornless, and has two teats only: she has no marks on the face or limbs, and is rather smaller than the male. The male has a large pouch at each groin, as in Ant. Dorcas: that of the female is con- siderably smaller. These escaped me,” Mr. Hodgson says, “till I got this season’s specimens, remarkable as the pouches are. But the fact is that they are composed of very thin brittle skin, and, as they hang loose by anarrow neck, they are apt to be torn off by the Bhoteahs while preparing the specimens.”
Mr. Hodgson again describes in detail the maxillary tumours or accessory nostrils of the Chiru Antelope. He regards as analogous to these accessory nostrils, and as essentially the same with them in use, the intermaxillary pouches noticed by Col. Hamilton Smith as partially characteristic of his Cephalophine and Nemorrhedine subgenera of Antilope.
Referring to Col. Hamilton Smith’s distribution of the genus Az- tilope, Mr. Hodgson remarks that ‘the Chiru Antelope can only be- long either to the Gazelline or the Antilopine group. Hornless females would place it among the latter; but lyrate horns, ovine nose, and want of sinus, would give it rather to Gazella, and its sin- gular inguinal purses further ally it to Ant. Dorcas of this group. But from Gazella it is distinguished by the accessory nostrils or in- termaxillary pouch, the hornless females, the absence of tufts on the knees, and of bands on the flanks, The Chiru with his bluff bristly
81
nose, his intermaxillary pouches, and hollow-cored horns, stands in some respects alone,” and hence Mr. Hodgson is disposed to sug- gest the regarding it as representing ‘a new subgenus, to be termed Pantholops, the vulgar old name for the Unicorn.” “ The habits and manners of the Chiru, his medial size, and his elegant vigorous form, ally him most to the Antilopine and Gazelline groups, and equally to both.”
Some extracts were read from a Letter addressed by the Presi- dent, Lord Stanley, to the Secretary, giving an account of the breeding of several Birds in his Lordship’s Menagerie at Knowsley. The red Grosbeak, Loxia Cardinalis, Linn., has a nest of three young which are nearly fledged ; and a single young one of the Towhee Bunting, Emberiza erythrophthalma, Gmel., has been hatched. The Locia cucullata has this year, as last year also, made a nest and laid one egg ; and the American yellow Bird, Fringilla tristis, Linn., is now sitting,
The gosling of the Sandwich Island Goose, respecting which a. notice. from Lord Stanley was read on May 27, (p. 41.) ‘“‘is now fully as large as the parents, and nearly resembles them in plumage ; the only differences being about the neck, which is more indistinct in front and wants the full extension of the black down the nape, and the collar at the bottom just above the breast is only faintly marked. The legs also are as yet of a dirty greenish yellow tinge. It is not pinioned, but has hitherto shown no wish to use its wings. In fact they are the tamest of the tame, scarcely will move out of one’s way if in the walks, and are con- stantly coming into the building, even more familiarly than the common Ducks.”
A specimen was exhibited of the Manis Temmincki, Smuts, forming part of the collection made by Mr. Steedman in Southern Africa. Mr. Bennett stated that his object in calling the attention of the Society to it was to point out the external characteristics of a species known to its original describer by its skeleton alone and by a few detached scales.
It may be thus characterized:
Manis Temmincxu, Smuts. Man. capite breviore ; corpore latiore, squamis magnis, 11-seriatis ; caudd truncum longitudine sube- quante, latitudine paullo minore, ad apicem subtruncatum via an- gustiore.
Hab. apud Latakoo?
Long. tot. 25: unc.; caude@, 12; lat. dorsi, 8; caude, prope
apicem, 5.
The most remarkable features of this animal are the shortness of the head; the breadth of the body ; and the breadth of the tail, which is nearly equal to that of the body, and continues throughout the greater part of its extent of nearly the same width, tapering
Cc
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only slightly towards the end where it is rounded, and almost trun-; cate, In the shortness of the head and the general form of its upper part, the Man. Temminckit bears nearly the same relation to the Man. Javanica, as is borne by the Weasel-headed Armadillo, Da- sypus 9-cinctus, Linn., to the siz-banded, Das. 6-cinctus, Ej. Of the eleven series of scales on the body, one on each side is ventral rather than dorsal. The scales are very large, longitudinally striate, smooth as though rubbed towards their hinder margin, and slightly pro- duced into a thin, short, and rounded process: they are comparatively few in number, the large scales of the middle line of the back from the occiput to the tip of the tail being twenty only in number; in Man. pentadactyla, Linn., they are about thirty ; and in Man. Ja- vanica, Desm., they vary from about forty-five to fifty. A pecu- liarity in the distribution of the scales of Man. Temminckii is the cessation of the middle series of them at a short distance anterior to the extremity of the tail, so that the last four transverse rows consist of four scales each, each of the preceding ones having five. :
Some notes by Mr. Rymer Jones of the dissection of an Agouti, Dasyprocta. Aguti, Ill., were read.
The animal was a male; adult; measuring 19,°,th inches from the extremity of the jaws to the root of the tail ; and weighing 4lbs. 440z. Its head measured 4,%, inches in length ; the tail, 1,9.
The testes were situated within the abdomen, in contact with the abdominal muscles, to which they were connected by a duplicature of peritoneum ; the epididymis, contained in a pouch apparently formed by the cremaster muscle, protruded through the internal ob- lique. The preputial orifice was 1,1, inch from the anus.
The stomach, 53 inches long and 8 inches in its greatest circum- ference when moderately distended, had a remarkable constriction between its cardiac and pyloric portions which gave it the appear- ance of consisting of two distinct cavities; the pyloric portion bulged out on each side of the pylorus so as to make the duodenum commence from a central depression.
The omentum was shrivelled up under the stomach, and reached, when unfolded, rather more than half way to the pudes : it extended further on the right side than on the left.
The intestines measured in total length 253 inches. The length of the small intestines was 222 inches, and their greatest circum- ference (at the duodenum) 1,4, ; the cecum was 6 inches long, and its greatest circumference 2,8,; the large intestines measured 25 inches, the greatest circumference being at the commencement of the colon, where it was 2 inches, and whence it gradually tapered towards the rectum which was only 5%, in circumference. There were two glands, each ,°, of an inch in length, and placed on each side of the anus: they secrete a yellow substance resembling the cerumen of the ear and of a fragrant odour.
The liver, weighing 4402., occupied the usual situation, and con-
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sisted of five lobes. The anterior or cystic was the largest, and pre- sented inferiorly two deep fissures, one of which (the left) received the suspensory ligament, and the other the gall-bladder. The next in size was the left lobe. To the inferior surface of the right lobe two lobuli were appended. The concave surface of the liver was very irregular in its aspect. The gall-bladder was pyriform, 1 inch in length, and deeply buried in a fissure in the concavity of the largest lobe of the liver. The bile entered the intestine + inch from the pyloric ring.
The pancreas, of an elongated form and running along the dorsal aspect of the stomach across the spine, measured 23 inches.
The spleen weighed 53 drachms, It laid close to the spine, above or anterior to the left kidney, and attached to the cardiac extre- mity of the stomach. Its form was flat ovoid, with a deep fossa on its posterior margin lodging the anterior portion of the kidney.
The lungs consisted of four lobes on the right side and of three on the left. They measured 31 inches in length ; the breadth of the right was 1,3,, of the left, 1. They weighed (much diseased and studded with tubercular masses) 2 oz. 6 drachms.
The heart, of a globular shape, and very muscular, measured 143 inch in length, 1,4, in lateral breadth, and 1--, in its antero-poste- rior diameter. It was seated more in the left than in the right side of the chest, lying on the cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs, and on the corresponding portion of the sternum.
The veneé