‘=_? ob en ae te oe coe
P-L bo tt PANTER Bah : tees Si beat oe <r ee
os
AL,
Gared ae ey hamehei ‘ ei i : :
SES
. pa faite Ses de : ; : . : ; : : Eee es
= is:
shh : 2 re ee: t t . Ma ease
Peay aes ; a 2 = Spal 9S hak EM TR ay PS hig E “ Ss - asta 2 ey z ~~ RSS wot ere
™
oe et he ae ac
A
etek ha ~ Pa : Seog : ‘ . : Sih ae ae Ea ae . : heme ses
a We?
oe Py ae ar, a wey
or
ppt
= ‘Be gs
fi | fo eet i (Ey. i Lg a2a|
\ Wie
“a ne
i
i nt | ( HEliaje
a Pca Po ase ? en ELT ao PA fratacatit “sf Pap 2 BOE Ata of BR nea ae = Sy 4 Ste,
ena ae
Peete cre z (ERE Ve, if if pe amr i fh al
fo) cy ia se oe a ey nN, AP
ae foes he
PEs ines
AE ae “AFF er, aE
ae ae ia Sy : ‘? 8 erm
“f Fldet
agit Son, “Bah F hae Getto ded he bey
tiny fa .
eth Hy an
i fi
Pa
roe =
OLB gy. hs. PL go Bet, ae
es 7 is aay
fae tay
icant ran
ie es ita
fi
Me
roa oF cs
Be woe
ba ‘eres roe
——
Koo a ag: ae ae é Yl Hien REET ve é
ps or. ; ay pee Saget ofl ee, encom
|| i ‘in Se i oe \e) “ty, mi ) i ‘f Fi | ae eyo AEE ¥ ro | : / oF A, “i i ! Ml i SS es \ , | i s
i ert ge Pn 2 Bata ty
ae ates yoo ‘Sereerycaet ‘ Fi oa"
Fe gle ae, Sotto, Tae i ta
See
i ce “3 "al ga Frigate, Ld ere PStY ora co Ne”
ae ; ie ee cee etii SAR Y Soe iam 2 Patpe aes tet IO oe ah og i Ate af as, qty fi eat es Para a ee Sa : eat Ee bee in
ve Pe ar ee ' _ aeeos
yeh! sila
Peete fae an ,
b tH os Me Sel aT) a = : 4,
fe
Be
{ee i) ne
we
fey yee Pri
“yb ges ist
a oP Seay comer
; bog Be Oy TA, beg ALAN, “ah Sine SF 3g pean rane
a Noreen
las
oo cm °S Be he - Ai Bs at ot anc gh ° EN wee Sans Seenttees. <A at a ook Fi % P é ‘ Pi h
ee vee ey - - “he “he
od fig oe By peer gea ty ¢ Sth a fee pee ll og iF beh ce) | ae ei! ns Frege T ae et Titemenaum a
Le
qf
4 eZ nN | i fr ee HEN anit Tilo _ aa int
‘\
ltl
| i (yiite ie sou
jess Ag deg
oo
o
7
ww
OO TONE ATE
ROMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.
INDEX AND TITLE PAGE.
VOL. XXIX.
PARTS 1 & 2.
BomBAY : PrinteD AT THE ‘limes PREss.
1924.
1 A
BD aah hs NUE Oe Be oe we ii cm Y hd | a ‘ ve Me io - ; a " be -_ ar ay m a Une Y a. ie ay Va bi Foy ve wii " .7 : oe ae, a ue f
Hee “i } a i hi 3 Kit 1
: Fis ean) Sine rae te ae, ae ts ; ». mon eu at
sey i. ne ma . ay) a "y ie - ‘if sha : i 4 vo : : Te | a
a
Lah HA ane - oh)
; ‘ 7 mn " a ie " -
on i i I a a ‘ i n 7 emt iy ite i Ff bY bh eo Ga 7 ; nis aon Bi ee 4) } bE Se out, (in Pi bait
Oo 1 rate yo del :
een MA hurt : iy ae ; f SP ; hon ¥ = > af on
a ny
ot Lge
ay ay N hy a , i A ae
inh aap 1
Ps “de i.
ey ey 4
-
ulti, ae " hen)
MI an y
cy Lee
me
, at + id Ti a 4 om of MeN), iy dul cure > Bis i PY eae ei ia a Re va . te | Bets: eu WAT Aa * ! Br an 1 a a on ea ay) Pie iy Vi Bi ; ; ' ve a ;
; a0
Cc ae
ey yy
Bae ry Hy r i ie u na " : ma aan oy : : fs ir 7 : A rane AY ate ea a de Ai ; ie aes ie! May ' ) : chy - ih ‘ a a iv roar a ; , 7 nt i iat oo ee ‘eel sa oa. 7 oe PN) ae a na ie pe ier ae A ;
eg ue
in i in a
Was o
Oran ts eaten
mh arn
For convenience in binding it has been found advisable to issue the Index in two parts. The present issue includes the Index to Parts 1 and 2, Vol. XXIX, pp. 1-576. The Index to Parts3 and 4 will be issued separately.
Instructions to Binder.
The contents of these two parts should be arranged in the following order when they are being bound :— Title page.
Contents of Parts 1 and 2, Vol.
XXIX,
List of Contributors. To follow the frontispiece in this
-———,,-—_
List of Plates. order,
Index to Illustrations,
Errata
Index to Species... bie .. To go atthe end of the two num- bers.
Map of South Waziristan .. .. This map was omitted from the
paper on ‘‘Notes on a Collection of Reptilia from Waziristan and the adjoining portion of the N. W. Frontier Province,” by Capt. C. M. Ingoldby and Miss Procter, and should be included on page 117 of Vol, XXIX.
yuu ANH a ne ht he i Wh AB ily,
: ;
oh
AGH
Vie LAs
thar
feat
Hy
a
‘3 fi
in
1Uegls
Ve wis NAL
OF THE
BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.
EDITED BY
R. A. SPENCE, F.Z.S., M.L.A;, and S, H. PRATER, C.M.Z.S.
VOL. XXIX. \ O07 ae
eS eS
Parts 1 and 2.
Containing 2 coloured Plates, 63 Lithographed Plates, 3 Mags, 5 Diagrams and 22 Text-figures.
eS
Dates of Publication.
Part |. (Pages 1 to 308)... ... 20th April 1923. se RES i. | 200 10570)"; .. 25th August 1923.
re es
LONDON AGENTS : DULAU & Co., Ltd , 34-35, Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, W.
PRINTED AT THE TIMES PRESS, BOMBAY.
mt
: ‘ i : I i was j P i x ; 1 Loe y ‘ i 1) h ia st 14 ‘ i i f 1 ’ ‘ i : a Tm. i i aon : - 0 4 , wear” y ae
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXI/X.
No. 1.
THE GAME Birps oF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON. Part XXXIV. (EHzxcalfactoria chinensis) (With a_ plate). By E. C. Stuart Baker, J.P., F.L.S., -F.Z.8., M.B.O.U., CEEEASORD SES Wd SAM och ier op atee res’. cinta name niu ote moelels
BrrDs OF THE InpIAN Empire. Part VIII. By E. C. Stuart Baker, J.P., F.L.S., F.R.S., M.B.0O.U., C.F.A.0.U...
GAME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR AND ADJACENT Hitui PRo- vINcES. Part V. (With a plate). By Lt.-Col. A. E.
Inp1AN Draconrires. Part XV. (With 6 text-figures). Bye iajor Hee. Nraser, (Miss, FW,Sy 46.0. aati ea 3s « DRAGONFLY CoLLECTING IN InprIA. Part I]. (With 2 text- jigures). By Major F. C. Fraser, 1.M.s., F.E.8. .......-. THE SNARE OF THE GIANT Woop-SpipER. Part IV. (Wath a plate and a text-figure). By Capt. R. W. G. Hingston, TESS noe pe IN oa TO or AN RY a ees eI ScrIENTIFIC RESULTS FROM THE MamMmaAt Survey. No. SOG I By Martim AC. Hintonisas yseesn we = ScIENTIFIC RESULTS FROM THE MAMMAL Survey. No. DOCK Ve uby Oldfield ‘Ehomas; fRiSt 7.4%... sia 5. sien + ScientIFIC RESULTS FROM THE Mammat Survey. No. DOO VI. By Oldiield| Thomas) PRsSh) 668 ee ie Scientiric ResuLtts FRoM THE Mammau Survey. No. XXX XX. By Oldtield Thomas, FBS. ...... 000.05. SCIENTIFIC RESULTS FROM THE Mammat Survey. No. Xs Hoy Oldiwelel Mb omias, WBS Gr. .ls veins ete «ins SCIENTIFIC RESULTS FROM THE Mammat Survey. No. XM Bye Oldirelda Pome WRG. 650d eeice a aoe cos
PAGE,
70
17
iv CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIX.
A CoLLecTion or Mammats. Made by H. Stevens in the Darjeeling District.; By TB bry 2" oe me eee Tur TERRESTRIAL ISOPODA OF MESOPOTAMIA AND THE SUR- ROUNDING Districts. (With 6 plates and 2 text-figures). By Joseph Omer-Cooper, 1.8. <2. 202 ee eee A Description oF THE NESTS AND EacGs oF THE CoMMON BIRDS OCCURRING IN THE PLAINS OF THE UNITED PRo- vinces. Part II. (With 2 plates), By E. H.N. Gill. NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF REPTILIA FROM WAZIRISTAN AND THE ADJOINING PORTION OF THE N. W. FRONTIER Province. (With 4 photos and a map). By Capt. C. M. Ingoldby, R.A.M.C., F.Z.8., F.B.G.S., and Miss Joan B. Procter F236 wind 2a ee ee eee NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BATRACHIA FROM 8. WaAzIRIS- TAN. (Wath 2 text-figures). By C. R. Narayan Rao, M.a. THe Fauna OF THE DaRBHANGA District, NortH Brinar. By CoM, Inglis, 2.85 E:EiSs0M. BO. Uae ee eo Fuicut oF Micrating Birps. By C. H. Donald, F.z.s., MOBLOMR A pec nes PE re eae a eae A Note oN THE SpoTTED-WINGED GRosBEAK. (Myce- robas melanoxanthus). By Hugh Whistler, F.z.s.,
MaBiO:U.; CoB. AtOsU 04 osc cs a nee ee ee FurtHer Notes on Some Ceyton Bats. (With 2 plates). By W, W. Ay Phillips. ic tee ieee A Note oN THE CorvIDZ OF THE PunsgaB. By Hugh Whistler, F:z.8., M/B.0-U., CF A-O Ur escve ene eslnetee tet nate A Journey to Sram anp Back. (With 3 plates). By Major C. H. Stockley, D.S.0.......-. esse eee cence eeees
H. R. H. Tue Prince or Wares’ SHoots IN INDIA IN 1921-22. Part III. (With 7 plates, a map and 4 dia- grams). By Bernard C. Ellison, 0.M.Z.8. 0.00... 2500: .
Tur MEASUREMENT AND PHOTOGRAPHY OF SPECIMENS OF Bra Game. (With 3 plates). By Major C. H. Stockley,
D.S.O. e@oev eee @ eececevreseeeeveeeou-eeoseerverevee se 0 @
PAGE
90
93
107
117
131
136
146
150
154
157
169
179
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIX.
Somre Notes oN THE HABITS OF THE CEYLON GERBIL.
(Wiha plate), By WoW. Aa Phillips... . 02. apie DrrerR HuntinG IN SHAKESPEARE’S Day. By Lt.-Col. C.
LDR IBSEN 2 COR (40 Ary ere ee bet, i eae eae Bombay Naturat History Socrety’s MamMat SurRvVEY oF InpIA, BuRMA AND CEYLON. (Report No. 36, Nagawbiilis)\irwioy: aes. Malls t1.C2So alee ke ice be 28 a
THE IDENTIFICATION OF INDIAN BUTTERFLIES. (With 9 black and white plates). By Lt.-Col. W. H. Evans, DAS Omg Rumored Sts FW. Steps nih yy tee eh ots UES Ane 4 mp Adee
REviEws: Fauna oF BritisH InpiAa, Birps. Vol. I. (2nd VOYC UTE (OAD Malendeee Case's Cate NCR te Ria ey Crs ee eee Sear eae
Tur PRESERVATION OF SHIKAR TROPHIES ........0eecccee: Opinuanye 1r, Henry Neville, Coltart. = 71.227. .4.00 3 aes 2: UE De Fg hi OE gm Ana
FON SOR REASURER Sc IREPORT tis 2. cid sconce cee oc Rew heeds a MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :—
I. Some Natural History Notes connected with the Prince of Wales’ Tour in India. By BC) HilisonyMe7:Si oF R.Gee Sealed
II. On the Rann of Cutch. (Weth 2 plates). By Major Ae MC Mosses TA et ese e.:
III. Some Notes on the Common Indian Otter.
Wbye@eNicCanny ay eat aol eed. es IV. Tiger climbing a tree. By G. E. R. Cooper ..
V. Supposed occurrence of the Ermine in India. By. bs Osmastomy TiS a2. 4.8. habs.
VI. The occurrence of the Mallard in Rajputana. Dyer wll pO tADlesinc tee tee isl. ek. Sota see
VII. Some Notes on Indian Game Birds. By Major CpEDyOtOCKIGVAD.8:O. Shc. os. 3 Sin Soe ee
214
217
221
230
261 265 266 267 269
277
278
v1 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIX.
PaGE MiscELLANEOUS NotTEs—contd.
VIII. Notes on the Migration of Duck and Teal.
By Major C. H. Stockley, p.s.0............. 279 TX. Notes on the habits of a young Hornbill. By
B. CAnMs0n; ‘C:M.Z:83, BAR G.S.) aera 280 X. On the breeding of certain Wagtails. By
Hugh: Whistler, Wiz.s&, 2/0... ee ese 281
XI. On the habits of the White-headed Duck. (Oxyura leucocephala). By R. C. Bolster, 1.c.s. 284 XII. An Albino Shoveller. (Spatula clypeata). By RC, Bolster, GC:8. <2. ee eee ee 285 XIII. Distribution of the Large Pintailed Sand Grouse. (Pteroclurus alchata.) By R. C. Bolster 1:0.8.— . ccevtieas eee ree ee 285 XIV. Night Jars of the Simla Hills. By A. E. Jones. 286 XV. Appearance of the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor). near Poona. By Major W. B. Trevenen.... 287
XVI. A Note on the Migration of the Eastern Grey Wagtail. (Motacilla cinerea melanope). By
Hugh Whistler, 2:94 2092 Ae ace ce caer 287 XVII. The Roosting Flight of Crows. By Col. A. H. Cunningham, wt oho sos. cee eee 289
XVIII. The Homing Flight of the Common House Crow. (Corvus splendens.) By Col. F.
Waal Mise. ch cee coe eee emer eee 290 XIX. The Spotted-wing Starling (Psaroglossa spilop- tera.) By Hugh Whistler, ¥.z.s..::-....-<.. 290
XX. A Note on the Hastern Red-legged Falcon, (Erythropus amurensis). By P. F. Wickham... 292
XXI. Note on the Nesting-habits of the Spotted Babbler (Pellorneum ruficeps.) By C. B. Beadnell., cata acos ee eee ee 292
CONTENTS OF VOLUME AXIX.
MISCELLANEOUS Notes—contd.
XXII.
20.6 ig
XXTY,
AXYV,
AXVI.
XXVII.
AXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX. XXX,
XXXI, XXXII.
XXXII,
XXXIV. XXXYV.
XXXVI.
List of Small Game shot in Mhow during 1921- 22, By Major F. C. L. Grieve, B.F.A.........-
Further notes on the Avifauna of the Nelliam- pathy Hills. By A. P. Kinloch, F.z.s., MEE On cs tech cnaso charts tatencde ethene dusveleleeeeierelete 6. 645 catch
The Great Indian Hornbill (D. bicornis.) By A. P. Kinloch, F.z.s., M.B.0.U.
eoeovreeeee @
Nidification of the Black Vulture or Indian
King Vulture (Otogyps calvus). By UH. NGS CG cs peers aR ny See arp ero Breeding of the LHastern Wood Pigeon
(Palumbus casiotis) in the Punjab Salt By H. W. Waite
Late stay of Snipe in 1922 in Central India. Dr gRC LGN g LIC CC tesa Re oe enc oo. steers ee
Late stay of Snipe in 1922 in Bengal. By py eitieo, Nam) DUOM teen asete catheters «fis et clone
Cruelty to Wild Fowl. By P. M. D. San-
WePSOUrG Aer th sa thats ee ia ag eee ONT aoe Snipe Shooting in Sind. By C. B. Rubie ....
Plumage display by the Sirkeer Cuckoo. By i. A. Gill |
Notes on Turtles.
Range.
By T. H. Cameron........
Catching Crocodiles (With a plate.) By J. Monteath, I.c.s.
W. Bhanagay’s Snake Chart. By Col. F. Wall, 1.M.s.
Snakes and Leeches.
By Col. F. Wall, 1.m.s...
Cobra going down a hole, tail foremost. By MGSO Ol lseg OPED ICT 25 sok es. 95 ioh ae Sin cica-w' ilans Notes on a large Monitor (Varanus sp.) in Ghazipur. By E. H. Gill
eoceoemeeeeeseeee@@eee @
v1 CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXI1X,
MIscELLANEOUS Notrs—contd. XXXVII Observations on the nesting of Humenes conica.
By J laeKhiare Wp, Ls ove) ee ee |
XXXVIITI.. Troutsecod in Kashmirii.oe2). 2... pee
Election of new Members and Contributions ............+. No. 2.
THe Game Brirps or Inpra, BuRMA AND CEYLON. Part
XXXV. (Perdicula asiatica asiatica.) The Jungle
Bush Quail. (With a plate.) By E.C. Stuart Baker, J.P., F.L.S., F.Z.S., M.B.0.U., C.F.A.0.U.
GAME Brrps oF KASHMIR AND ADJACENT Hitt PROVINCES. Part VI. (Wcth 4 plates.) By Lt.-Col. A. E. Ward..
InpIAN DraconFuiEs. Part XVI. (With 3. text-figures). By Major FC: Waser; 1.MeS)sFa S) en Ee ioe A DESCRIPTION OF THE NESTS AND EGGs oF THE ComMMON BIRDS OCCURRING IN THE PLAINS OF THE UNITED PRo- vinces. Part III. (With 2 plates.) By E. H. N. Gay oa 6's 4.05.0 hid wiecarc ee ty el eee
A Hanp-List oF THE SNAKES OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE. Part I. By Col. F. Wall, o..G., C.M.z.s., F.L.S., F.A.S.B., H0.7:8.Tog TMS .s Shel ¢ cio ees eee ee
THe Rep Ant. Part I. (With 2 plates and a text-fiqure). By Major R. W. G, Hingston, Tus. | eee
Screntiric RESULTS FROM THE Mamma Survey. No. 43. On some Squirrels from the Mergui Archipelago. By Oldfield Thomias, F:R:S), 4). 2 eo oe eee ee
A JouRNEY To Stam AND Back. Part Il. (With 2 plates.) By Major'C. Hostockley, p80.) 522... 5. a7 eeee
Notes ON A COLLECTION OF SNAKES FROM SHEMBAGANUR, Patnat Hints. By, Col. F. Wall, c.m.¢., 1.M.s.......
Bompay NaturaL History Socrety’s Mamma SURVEY oF InpIa, BuRMA AND Ceyton. Report No. 37. Nepal.
By Martin A, C, Hinton and: Tab iny (eee re i
LAGE
304 305 306
309
334
376
378
388
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXLX.
ix PAGE THE Common BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. Part XIX. (With 3 text-figures.) By T. R. Bell, c.1.8., 1.7.5. GIVCUG Ae eae ernie ten ag geeere tS ciekes ck Mya t « oeke 429 NoTEs ON A VISIT TO CERTAIN MUSEUMS IN GREAT BRITAIN. yao era beTO! MG ZG. ae Becca se sick 6 teetels Mind aoe wd 456 NoTES ON A COLLECTION OF SNAKES FROM SINLUM Kapa. By Col. F. Wall, c.M.G., C.M.z.8., F.L.S., F.A.8.B., H.C.Z.8.1., ICANT 8 NCEE Ce Re ante OO i GA GR RR 466 PROTECTIVE CoLouRING IN WiLtp Animats. By Bruce P. slictillty (oltte Ap esse te No mnas erent ecadey 6 lan ike opens 469 DRAGONFLY COLLECTING IN InprA. Part II]. (With 3 tezt- jigures.) By Major F. C. Fraser, 1.M.8., F.E.S. ........ 474 THE Fisu-SuppLy oF OUR WESTERN Coast. (With a map COS Cn iaie Na wy, tee WGItOTS oa 9S dea. 2 ce ahs years 482 BIRD-LIFE IN GuLMARG. (With a plate.) By B. B. Osmas- COME GC Use Ish Cher. te RR ee ek Bt ito os ae soy ae: f 493 NorEs ON THE BIRDS OF THE SIKKIM Himatayas. Part I. (With a map and a plate.) By Herbert Stevens, IMB a Om pet hipster Wedge AA melas Bla Reser ON NS wid 503 THe IDENTIFICATION oF INDIAN ButterFuies. Part II. | (With 3 plates.) By Lt.-Col. W. H. Evans, D.s.0., LESLIE TPA SP MW Ct DIR CHEE Get a Rar Ry VU tr eR lean ee 519 Reviews. THe Common Brrps of Inpia. By D. Dewar.. 538 Ke THE Ferns or Bompay. By Rev. E. Blatter, ieee se Sots EGA Er ge ocaaal het hare a ee 540 i FiLora SIMLENSIS. By Sir Henry Collett ...... 540 at Inpran Brrp Lire. By Miss Holmer.......... 541 TDD) ROT SIULCE:, e ee e C nea re 542 ORMRUAR Ysa eae: Wedd: t@.Sal Ole Bs 1. C28e gia tei ass. jsie eaten 545 4 PAU A Det IROSEE prc ose. beats s oS dos af ea ae 546
bo
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIX,
MISCELLANEOUS NoTES :— |
I.
II.
III.
IV.
ne
Vi
VIII,
XII,
XIII.
XIV.
Notes on Tigers and their calls. By W. 8S.
Strange Behaviour of a Panther (Ff. pardus). By 8S. Hanhart
coeeeeeeeeeeeeeeree eee eee ee
A Porcupine-Panther Incident. By E. T. Fer- GUSON base... <a Sl aE ee The Mishmi Takin (Budorcas taaxicolor). By HAS. COOPER > tax tee see ater ee
Note on the Goral (Nemhoredus goral). R. H. Paddison
The larger Mammals of the Nelliampathy Hills. (Wath a plate). By A. P. Kinloch....
Tree-Shrews, Tsine and Serows. By C. Boden
By
coeoee ewer ee ee ee ewe we ew eee ew we Oe
eoereeeeeer ee ee ee ew we we ew ee we ew ew wwe ee ew we 8
The Record Black Buck Head (Antilope cerw- capra).(With a plate.) By the Editors......
The trinomial system of nomenclature as applied to Indian Birds. By B. B. Osmaston
Nidification of the Himalayan Tree-Creeper (Certhia himalayana.) By 8. Basil Edwardes The occurrence of the White-headed Black Bulbul Indian limits.
(Hypsipetes leucocephala) within
By\s: H. Prater, c.m.z.s. ---- Note on a supposed new race of Otocorys alpinus, the Horned Lark. By Hugh Wahistler on: 2:8 5 vere ene. eee cea ae The Shikra (Astur badius). By B. B. Osmaston, LF.S. The Nidification of the Malabar Great Black Woodpecker (Thriponax hodgsoni). By A. P: Kinloch 8:7:s% M800) ieee hoeaee 2
PAGE
590
559
560
560
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIX. Xl PAGE
MiscELLANEOus NotEs—contd. XV. Note on the breeding season of th: painted Stork (Pseudotantalus leucocephalus). By R. C-Bolster- 1.678. Werte See ae ee we oa 561 XVI. The Burmese Barred-back Pheasant (Phasianus humue burmanicus). By Capt. J. G. P.
Drummondreac nets ee ae ee ree els 562 XVII. A curious incident while Duck shooting. By INN cael ae VV NOC ess cree te herr cates 2 bette: 563
XVIII. Note on the appearance of the Stiff-tailed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala) in the Muianwali District. By Mi. Ma Pe Cumme, 1.6.8, 232 ...5 a. 563
XIX. Plumage of adult Mallard (Anas platyrhynchus) and notes on Woodcock and Woodsnipe in the Nilghiris. By C. M. Inglis, F.z.s., F.E.s.,
MB SO With tennr a teeaee Mims wcke oheone eee NAM Cn 564 XX. On the birds of the Nelliampathy Hills. By Ae Kainloch.:F7:S5) M.B0.Us. «5 eee nels aes 564
XXI. Further Notes on snaring Quail in North Behar. (With a plate.) By C. M. Inglis,
iY ARSON es OI Meng i 02 meg ae er ee 565
XXII. <A Python’s Meal (With a plate.) By J. Morrow Camper sacl, See Ras ce ie at eae cael Pa 566
XXIII. An Unusual Swarm of Moths. By C. M. PNG NSy Z75.5 BONS: 5 MLB.O.U.. 3, 3 eee ke 567
XXIV. Noises made by Ants. By A. P. Kinloch, BS ZAS PN SEO), Onan cote ¢ ade cA chine tao Seo en See aibc's 567 INotice.to Entomolovistsqa: «sais cies. cso g cues cs. oe ese es 569
PP ROCHMDENG San eee thes Ue Ml Neh gs a oe os 570
Kil
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
WOOL UME 2=xxiIos NOS. 1 & 2
ANNUAL MEETING
Baxer, E, C. Stuart, J.P., RL Sie 8.2.5. vi. O10. C.F.A.0.U.; The Game
Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon, Part XXXIV. (With a coloured plate). The Indian Blue-breasted Quail ..
Part XXXV., (With a coloured plate). The Jungle Bush- Quail, The Rock Bush-Quail
Hand-list of ‘the Birds of India,’ Part VITI.
The trimonial system of Nomenclature as applied to Indian Birds
Bastt-Epwarpes, 8%.; Nidi-
fication of the Himalayan
Tree-Creeper (Certhia hi- malayana) Ne
BEADNELL, C. B.; Note on the nesting-habits of the Spotted Babbler (Pellorneum rufi- ceps)
Bett, T. R., (Retd.) ;Common Butterflies of the Plains of India
Rotstmr, R. C., LC.S.; On the
habits of the White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucoce- phala).. 55 50
CLES ERIS:
PAGE.
307
309
556
557
429
284
Borster, R, C., LCS. ; An Albino Shoveler (Spatula clypeata)
——_—_—__—_—_—_——-; Dis- tribution of the large
Pin-tailed Sand-grouse (Pleroclurus alchata)
; Note
on the breeding season of the Painted Stork (Pscudotan- talus leucocephalus) .. Bompay Natursau HIstTory Soctety’s MAMMAL SurR- vEY oF INpDIA; _ Scientific Results. No. XXXVI. By Martin A. C. Hinton
Scientific Results, No. XXXVII. By Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S.
Scientific Results,
No. XXXVIII. By Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S.
eae —
° >
Scientific Results, No. XXXITX., By Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S.
Scientific Resulis, No. XL, By Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S.
PAGE
285
561
717
84
84
87
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
BomBAy Natural HIStory Soctety’s Mamma SURVEY oF Inp14 ; Scientific Results, No. XLI. By Oldfield Tho-
mas, F.R.S.
Report No. 37. By M. A.C. Hinton and T. B. Fry
Brien, Lr.-CoLtoneL; Cobra going down a hole, tail fore-
most CampBeLL, J. M., D.Sc.; A Python’s Meal (With a plate). Cameron, T. H., D.S.P. ; Notes on Turtles
CoLTart, D. Henrv NEVILLE; Obituarial notice of ..
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE So- CIETY’S MUSEUM SINCE 22nd May 1922
Coorrer, G. E. R.; Tiger climb- ing a tree
Cooper, H. 8.; The Mishmi Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) ..
CUNNINGHAM, CotonEL A. H; The roosting-flight of Crows.
Curriz, M. M. L.; Note on the appearance of the Stiff-tailed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala) in the Mianwali District
PAGE
399
303
Donan, C. H.; F.Z.S., M.B.0.U.;
Flight of Migrating Birds..
DrummonD, Cart J. G. P.; The Burmese Barred-back Phea- sant (Phasianus humic burmannicus) we
EDITORIAL
542
ELLIson, BernarD C., C.M.Z.S., F.R.G.8. ; | H.R.H. The Prince of Wales’ Shooting in India in 1921 and 1922, Part IIT. (With 7 plates, 1 map and 4 diagrams).. 5
Some Natural History notes
connected with the Prince of Wales’ tour in India
a
Notes on the habits of a young Hornbill a
Exuwes, H.J., F.R.S.; Obituarial notice of
Entomo.ocists, Notice To ..
Ev Ans, Lia.-Con, W.H., D.S.O., R.E., F.Z.S., F.E.S. ; The Identification of Indian Butterflies, Part 1. (With 9 black and white plates)
Part II (Witt 3 plates) Fereuson, E. T.; A Porcupine- Panther incident Fraser, Mason F.C., I.M.S., F. E. S. ; Indian Dragonflies, Part XV. (With 6 teat- Jigures)
— + >
Indian Dragonflies, Part XVI. (With 3 teat-figures) Es
° >
Dragonfly Collecting in In- dia (With text-figures), Part IT mie oh
Part III (With 2 text-figures).
Xlit
Pace
179
271
280
267
569
330
519
550
36
324
48 474
Xiv
Fry, T.B.; A collection of mam- mals made by H. Stevens in the Darjeeling District ..
AND HInTON, M. A. C.; Bombay Natural History Society’s Mam- mal Survey of India, KRe- port No. 37, Nepal .. ae
ee
——-———; See Bombay Na- History Society’s Survey of India.
tural Mammal
Git, E. H .M.; A Description of the nests and eggs of the common birds occurring in the plains of the United Pro- vinces, Part Il (With 2 plates) ote
; Part IIT. (With 2 plates) 58 ae ae Git, FE. H.; Plumage dis- play by the Sirkeer Cuckoo
(T. leschenauttt) pie ———-—-—,; Notes ona Large (Varanus sp.) in
Monitor Ghazipur GRIEVE, Mason F.C, L., R.F.A,; List of small game shot in Mhow during 1921 and 1922,
HaANHART, S.; Strange beha- viour of a Panther ..
Hive, Percy ; Late Stay of Snipe in 1922 sie ae Sr
HINGSTON, CarTaAIN R.W.G., I.M.S.; The Giant Wocd- Spider (Nephila maculata) (With a plate te.v't- figure), Part IV.
Hineston, Masor R. W. G., I.M.S.; The Red Ant, Part 1 The Nest. (With 2 lates and a text-figure) ap ms
and a
PAGE
399
107
334
299
303
296
70
362 |
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
Hinton, Martin A, C.; Scien- tific results from the Mammal Survey, No. XXXVI. On the Capped Langurs (Pithecus pileatus). Blyth and its allies.
— ; See Bombay
Natural History Society’s Mammal Survey of India.
— —————-, AND Fry, T. B. ; Bombay Natural His- tory Society's Mammal Survey of India Report No. 37, Nepal ae 2.
Ineuis,C. M.; The Fauna of the Darbhanga District,
North Bihar ..
——_—_——_ ,F.ZS8. F.E.S., M.B.0.U.; Plumage of adult Mallard (Anas platyrhynchus) and Notes on Woodcock and Snipe in the Nilgiris..
; Further Notes
on snaring Quail in North
Bihar (With a plate ) SSS f An unusual swarm of Moths oe a
INGoLaBy, Capt. C. M., R.A. M.C., F:Z.8., F.R.G.S., AND
Miss Joan B. Procter, F.Z.8S.; Notes on a_ col- lection of Reptiles from
Waziristan and the adjoining portion of the N. W. Frontier
Province. (With 4 photos and a map.) .. . Jonss, A. E.; Nightjars on
the Simla Hills
Jones, W. T. W.; A curious in- cident while Duck shooting... Kuare, J. L.; Observations on the nesting of Humenes conica
Pack
399
136
564
565
567
117
286
563
304
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
Kintocu, A. P., F.Z.S., M.B. O.U.; Further notes on the Aviauna of the Nelliampathy Hillss sic. es Bs bc The Great Indian Hornbill (D. bicornis) ..
— —
The larger Mammals of the Nelliampathy Hills (Witha plate) ..
The Nidification of the Mala- bar Great Black Woodpecker (Thriponax hodgsont) ;
oo 3
On the Birds of the Nelliam- pathy Hills
——
Noises made by Ants
Koss, C. BopEn ; Tree-Shrews, Tsine and Serows .. He
Livarp, Lr.-Cou, CH, "CLE. J.A.; Deer hunting in Shakes- peare’s day
McCann C. ; Some notes on the Common Indian Otter (Lut- ra lutra)
MEMBERS, ELECTION OF NEW..
Minrs, J, P.. U:G.S:; —The Mishmi Takin ———; See Bombay Natural History Society’s Mammal Survey of India.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES
MontTeEatH, J., I.C.8.; Catching Crocodiles. (With a photo)
Mossz, Magor A. H., I.A.; On the Rann of Cutch. (With 2 plates) us ee ers
PAGE
294
294
552
561
548
274
OpituaRy; D. Henry Neville Coltart..
————.;H. J. Elwes, F.R.S.
—— ; Ookha Bhil A
; P. J. Mead, C.S.L, C.LE., I.C.S8.
; Alexander Melfort Primrose .. vs
OMER-COOPER, JOSEPH; The Terestrial Isopoda of Mesopo- tamia and the surrounding
districts. (With 6 plates and 2 text-figures) Tv ws OokHA, BHIL; Obituarial
Notice of
Osmaston, B. B., LF.S.; Sup- posed of the Ermine in India we
occurrence
; Bird-life in
Gulmarg. (Witha plate) ..
; The Trino- mial system of Nomenclature as applied to Indian Birds ..
; The Shikra (Astur badius).. a An
Pappison, R. H.; Note on the Goral (Nemhoredus goral)
Puiuuies, W. W. A.; Further Notes on some Ceylon Bats. (With 2 plates).. = aie
; Some Notes on the habits of the Ceylon Gerbil(T'atera ceylonica).( With a plate and a text-figuire) ..
Prater, 8S. H., C.M.Z.S.; Notes ona visit to certain Museums in Great Britain ae st
XV
560
552
154
214
XVi
Prater, 8. H., C.M.Z.S.; The occurrence of the White- headed Black Bulbul (Hypsi-
petes leucocephalus) within Indian limits
—— -—_—_—-——_——— AND Spence, R.A.; The Fish
Supply of our Western Coast (With a map and 1 plate)
The Record Black Buck Head (Antilope cervicapra). (With a plate) .. : =
PROCEEDINGS ix ar
Procter, Miss Joan B., F.Z.S.—See Ingoldby, Capt. C.M.
Rao, C.R. Narayan, M.A.; Notes on a collection of Batra- chia from S. Waziristan (With 2 text-figures)
Bombay Natural History Society’s Mammal Survey of India, Burma and Ceylon, No. 36, Naga Hills : ate
REVIEWS ; Fauna of British In- dia Birds, Vol I. (2nd edition)
REPORTS ;
s The Preservation of Shikar Trophies .. ofa Tae ; The Common Birds of India
; The Ferns of Bom-
bay
; Flora Simlensis .. ——_——; Indian Bird Life Riev, J. L.; Cruelty to Wild
Fowls .. a A Rusts, C.B.; Snipe-shooting in Sind (1. Ae oe aie
PaGE
559
482
555 570
131
221
261
265
538
540
540 541
296
298
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Spence, R, A., F.Z.S., AND Prater 8. H., C.M.Z.S.; The Fish Supply of our Western Coast (With a@ map and | plate)
The Record Black Buck Head (Antilope cervicapra) (Witha
plate)
StasLes, R. H.; The occur- rence of the Malieg (Anas
platyrhyncha) in Rajputana
Stevens, H.; Notes on the Birds of the Sikkim Himalay-
s. (With a map and 1 plate).
STOCKLEY, Mason C.H., D.S.O.; A journey to Siam ae Back,
Part I. (With 3 plates)
Part IL. (With 2 plates)
The measurements and pho- tography of specimens of Big Game. (With photo and 3
plaies)
ee SS %
Some notes on Indian Game-
birds
Notes on the migration of Duck and Teal Taityour, B. P.; Protective
colouration in ‘wild animals
Tuorn, W. S.; Notes on Tigers and their calls :
THomas OxupFirepD, F.R.S.; Scientific results from ite Mammal Survey, No. XXXVII. On Tree-Shrews from the Mergui Archipelago,
Pace
482
277
503
209
278
84
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
XVIF. PaGE PacE
THoMAS OLDFIELD, F.R.S.; Waits, H. W.; Nidification of Scientific results from the Black Vulture or Indian the Mammal Survey King Vulture = (Otogyps No. XXXVIII. The Mouse- calvus) .. cet om seh 20D Be Cae of the Mer- wa |\— Ey precdinc or iersins a baa tern Wood Pigeon (Palumbus
ae et SiS casiotis) in the Punjab Salt
’ Range 295 No. XX XIX. On the Large Squirrels of the Ratufa gigan- Wait, CotoneL F., C.M.G., lea group 85 CILZS = Es. EAS. Bs 1 Si OP Aver bye I.M:S.; The
ae ov, iar? homing flight of the Common No. XL. A new Mouse from House-Crow (Corvus splen- Madura, S. India 87} dens) 290 Nore cee Onuthecormaccon: Mr, Bhanagay’s Snake Chart. 02 tained in the genus Harpioce- eee eee ae eae phalus 88 Snakes and Leeches . 303 No. XLIL. The Distribution Hand-list oH Hine Snakes of i and Geographical races of | ilatel ech cua lBrejpante 2 the Gulandi Bush Rats —— Ea eS (Golunda elliott) 373 Notes on a collection of Snake
St Die ee ee from Shembaganur, FPalnai
, Hills 338 No. XLIII. On some Squir-
rels from the Mergui Archi- =e pares pelago 376 Notes on a_ collection of
ase 9 Leeea Raene Snakes from Sinlun Kaba .. 466 bay Natural History Society’s Warp, Cont. A. E.; Game Ani- Mammal Survey of India. mals of Kashmir and adja-
EE EACuu anoRt On ihe cent Hili Provinces, Part V. Financial position of the So- (with a plate) se ve 28 ciety 2000 eee ; Game
TREVENEN, Magor W. B.; Ap- Animals of Kashmir and ad- pearance of the Mute an jacent Hill Provinces (with (Cygnus olor) near Poona .. 287 erties) ae
Trout Foop in Kasumir 305 |Wsistuzr, Hucu, FZS8.,
M.B.0.U.; A not tl
Upton, T. E. T.; Late stay of ' iat aes -
oe oon fl Spotted-winged Grosbeak ee ae 9 cE (Mycerobas melanoxagthus) VocaBULABY, A .» 063! (Hodgs) a ote -» Ia’
3
xviii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
Pace Pace
Wiustier, Huan, F.Z.8., M.B. WuistteR, Hvucun, F.Z.S., 0.U., C.F.A.0.U.; A note on OM BMO.U.. } CR AsOnU.: the Corvide cf the Punjab .. 157 The Spotted-wing Starling
(Psaroglossa spiloptera) te, ume OO
On the breeding of certain | ___________——_; Wagtails 3 ++ 281 | Note on a supposed new race of
(Otocorys alpinus (? alpestris) S&C Wickuam, P.F., P.W.D.; <A
note on the Eastern Red- (Hrythropus
a * 3
A note on the migration of the Eastern Grey Wagtail (Motacilla, cinerea melanope, legged Falcon Pall). se ws we Od AMMUTENSIS) .. Ne Sor at
31K
mies = OT a Ih A Pans:
WO ORE SxS. No. 1. PAGE,
The Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon. The Indian Blue-breasted Quail Ses at a ve ae ce a ve i
Game Animals of Kashmir— Plate J. (A)—The Head of the Leopard... a ie hi 26 (B)—Leopard shot in the snow... a eae ie 26
Plate II.—The Giant Wood Spider... ore se oe oe: 75 The Terrestrial Isopoda of Mesopotamia and the surrounding Districts—
Plate ILi.—Periscyphis (Cerocytonus) tomei sp.n. .. ve x 96
Plate [V.—Pareluma minuta .. aA ke ate ae us O8
Plate V.—Porcellio (Porcellio) evansisp.n. .. a = .. 100 Plate VI.—Porcellio (Rogopus) calmani sp. n. 30 a ame 24 Plate VII.—Porcellio (? Agabiformis) rufobrunneus sp. n. .. we 103 Plate VIII.—Leptotrichus politus sp. n... a are A .- 104
Nests and eggs of the Common Birds occurring in the plains of the United Provinces—
Plate IX.—Nests of :—The Indian Tailor-bird, Indian White-eye
Black Drongo, Common Iora_ .. — fe .» 107 Plate X.—Nests of :—The Madras Red-vented Bulbul, Bengal
Red-vented Bulbul, Bengal Red-whiskered Bulbul,
Indian Wren-warbler .. ae aS is » Il
Waziristan and the adjoining portion of the N.W. Frontier Province—
Plate XJ.—Between Rogha Kot and Wana ms Plate XII.—Ilex Forest near Ladha 121 Plate XITI.—Convoys from Wana.. 125 Plate | XIV.—The Shahur Tangi .. 129
Notes on Ceylon Bats— . Plate XV.--The Common Flying Fox, Pteropus giganteus giganteus.154
ak LIST OF PLATES.
PaGE
Plate XVI. 1 & 2.—The Ceylon Vampire Bat, Megaderma spasma
ceylonensis
3.—The Ceylon Leaf-nosed Bat, Hipposideros atratus.
A Journey to Siam and back — Plate XVI. (A)—The Road crosses a stream (B)—-A Karen Village.. Plate XVI. (A)-—A Gyi or Barking Deer .. (B)—Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha) .. Plate XVIII. (A)—Camp in giant Bamboo (B)—The Hlephant tests each pace with its trunk H. &. H. The Prince of Wales’ shooting in India in 1921 and 1922, Part iit.— Plate XIX, (A)—H.R.H. The Prince of Wales with his ‘beaters ’ at the end of the Tiger shoot..
(B)—Mahseer hooked by H.R.H. and Admiral Halsey
Plate X.X.—The herd of Wild Elephants being driven across the River Cubanny
Plate XX{, (A)—The ‘ Tying up’ operations in the Keddah .. (B)—Watering the Captured Elephants Plate XXII.—Captured Elephants crossing the river with KKoomkies Plate XXIII. (A)—H.R.H. Riding to the shoot .. (B)—H.R.H. with his 3 Tigers Sketch-map of Gwalior Plate XXIV. (A)--—Typical Gwalior Tiger Jungle (B)—-A Tiger Nulla, Gwalior Plate XXV.—Some of the Elephants of the line at Patiala The Measurement and Photography of Specimens of Big! Game— Plate XXVI. (A)—Barking Deer... A (B)—Shapu .. Plate XXVIII, (A)—-Kashmir Stag (B)—Black Buck Plate XXVIII. (A)—Brown Bear .. Ns one a oe
(B)—Coral .. is oe Sc SO oie
LIST OF PLATES,
Plate XXIX.—A Young Ceylon Gerbille (Tatera ceylonica) Indian Butterflies—
Plate XXX.—Papilionide. 1. Troides, 2. Byasa. 3. Chilasa Plate XXXI.—Papilionde. 3. Chilasa, 4. Papilio
Plate XXXII.—Papilionide. 4. Papilio
Plate XXXIII.—Papilionide. 4. Papilio
Plate XXXIV.—Papilionide. 4. Papilio. 5. Pathysa. 6. Zetides,
XxX1
PAGE
214
231 234 236 238 240
Plate XXXV.—Papilionide. 7. Paranticopsis. 8. Meandrusa, 9.
Teinopalpus. 10. Leptocircus. 11. Armandia, 12. Hypermnestra, 13. Parnasius
242
Plate XXXVI.—Pieride. 1. Leptosia, 2. Baltia. 3. Synchloe. 4. Pieris.
5. Aporia. 6. Delias, 8. Anaphaeis oe oe Plate XXXVII.—Pieride. 7. Prioneris. 8. Huphina. 9. Appias
Plate XXX VIIL.—-Pieride. 11. Catopsilia, 12. Gandaca, 13. Dercas, 14, Gonepteryx. 15. Terias. 16. Colias, 17. Ixtas, 18. Colotes. 19. Hebomoia. 20. Pareronia,
On the Rann of Cutch—
Plate XXXIX.—The Wild Ass (Equus hemionus) on the Rann of Cutch ete Ee es ae as ae
Plate XL, —A. Captive Mare of Wild Ass. B. Hybrid colt. of Wild Ass. Mare ——sired by Bay country-bred pony C, Albino Chinkara
Catching Crocodiles— Plate XLI.—A. The Mugger ‘“‘ held’ by bamboo poles. B. The
divers about to descend to attack the rope C. The catch ee ee ee ee e°@e @e
No. 2. The Game Birds of India, Burma and Ceylon—
Plate X.—Perdicula asiatica .. ae ue 46 oe ee
Game Animals of Kashmir and adjacent Hill Provinces— Plate I. —Haunts of the Black Bear up the Liddar Valley Plate II. ©—Haunts of the Brown Bear and Ibex... oe Plate III. (A)—A Bear Shoot in Poonch x x (B)—A Black Bear showing the White Crescent on the chest .. 46 we ive Bie ee os
Plate IV. —Brown Bear (Ursus isabellinus) show at Mhow, Kashmir
247 251
254
274
301
319
xxii LIST OF PLATES.
Nests and Eggs of the Common Birds occurring in the Plains of the
United Provinces— Plate I. (A)—Nests and Eggs of the Indian Grey Shrike (Lanius lahtora) =e tie oe ar oe (B)—Nests and Eggs of the Common Wood-Shrike
(Tephrodornis pondicerianus) oe -
(C)—Nest and Eggs of the Small Minivet (Pericrocotus
peregrinus) Plate II. (A)—Nest and Eggs of the Indian Paradise Flycatcher. (Terpsiphone paradisi) .. (B)—Nest of the White-browed Fantail Flycatcher. (Rhipidura albifrontata) Ke (C)—Nest of the Common Oriole (Oriolus kundoo) The Red Ant— Plate Plate II.—Byre of the Red Ant. (Hcophylla smaragdina)
(Kcophylla smaragdina) ..
A Journey to Siam and back— Plate I. (A)—-Loading the Elephants with kit (B)—Crossing the Siam-Burma Frontier Fording the Thaungyvin River Plate | IT. (A)—-Looking across the Thaungyin River at the first Siamese Village .. (B)—The Mela Moung stream 5 miles above Miba Tiger shot and presented by A. A. Dunbar Brander, I.F.S, The Fish-supply of our Western Coast— Plate I. (A)—Mending the trawl net .. (B)—The “ Cod end °’ of the trawl hauled inboard , (C)—A mixed catch Bird-Life in Gulmarg— Plate I.—Scenery in Gulmarg ..
Note on the Birds of the Sikkim Himalayas— Plate I. (A)—Lachung Valley..
(B)—A Vista of Kedom Nallage, Lachung Valley. The etentiveation of Indian Butterflies-— Plate I. (X)—Danaide. 1. Hestia. 2. Danais, 3. Euploca
Pace
LIST OF PLATES, X X11
Plate IT. (X1I)—Danaide. 3. Euplea. Satyride. 1. Mandarinia. 2. Mycalesis, 3, Lethe .. ae t ore a. O22
Plate IIT.(Xi1)—Satyride. 3 Lethe. 4 Pararge. 5. Orinoma » 830: The Large Mammals of the Nelliampathy Hills—
Plate I.—A Mulcer, climbing for honey, driving in pegs as he climbs 552 The Record Black Buck. (Antilope cervicapra), Jhind State .. sn, S000
Snaring Quail in North Bihar—
Plate I. (A)—Quail-snarers with nets .. me i ae -. 565 (B)—The nets, in situ .. oho a os be -. 565:
A-15 foot Python (P. molurus ) with a full-grown female Barking 567
Deer removed from its stomach ae ae a ae Pe
XX1V
Enmndex to illustrations. WOLUDnME Sais.
Agithina tiphia, Pl, Nest and eggs
Antilope cervicapra, Pl.
Allogaster latifrons, Fig. 1, wings, Fig. 2, markings of 9
Fig. d.
Page Cyclogomphus, Fig. d. Branched 107 appendages 559 Dicrurus ater, P1., and eggs
Fig. c. Nest
e
Dragonflies, Indian—
Anotogaster nipalensis, Fig. 3. markings of 38 Fig. 1. Wings of a Gomphus ee W mes eee and 2. Thorax of a Gomphus appendage side view, Fig. 4 38 3. Anal appendages of Bear, Brown, Haunts of, Pl. 323 | Gomphines .. Butterflies. Indian—PI. Xe Dragonfly collecting in India— sal: ms Fig. 1. (a) Base of wing of Dons PY an Agrionine, (b) Apex Euplea .. 519 of wing of a Lestine, (c) se ee et NE Pl. xp, Apex of wing of a Danaide: 3. Cenagrionine, (d) wing Euplea Saty- of an Epallagine RUNES eA Hig 204 Gabellagine viewed rima, 2, Myca- ‘ lesis:3. Lethe 522 sublaterally nana —-—______—_—-— P], XII, Saty- epistome ride 3: Lethe, Fig. 3. Basal half of wing 4, Pararge, 95. of a Lestine Orinoma 530 | Excalfactoria chinensis, PI. Butterflies of the Plains of Felis pardus, Pl... India—-Fig. Cell of Larva of Celenorrhinus leucocera 439 BCD Vie ee ae Fish supply ae our Wee Fig. 29 Head of Tagiades Coast—PI. 1, Fig. (a a) Mending atticus 446 the trawl net .. Fig. 3, Cell of egg-larva of He) ae * Magiades litigiosa .. 449 Goss mil OF ale Celenorrhinus leucocera, cell of trawl Larva, Fig. 1. = eee 439 Fig. (c) A mixed Cervulus fee, Pl, Fig. A. 174, 211 catch Cordulegaster brevistigma, Fig. 1. Chart showing Head seen from the front, 2. positions of Terminal segments of abdo- free haaie men and ovipositor, 3. Side Sande On Mth Pee showing aia 41 Bombay and view, Fig. 5 . ie 38 South Kathia- Crocodiles, catching of, Pl. 301 war grounds ..
PAGE
327
107
327
474
482
482
482
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS,
Gomphus, Fig. 1. Wings, Fig. 2. Thorax, Fig. 3. Anal appendages
Gulmarg, Scenery in, PI.
Hipposideros atratus, Pl., Fig. 3. H. R. H. The Prince of Wales’ Shooting in India in 1921 and 1922, Part III. (with 7 plates, 1 map and 4 dia- grams) a oe a Indian Butterflies. the identi- fication of, (with 9 dlack
and white plates) Kashmir, Game Animals of, Lamellogomphus, Fig. appendage are an Lanius lahtora, Pl., Fig. (A) .. Leptotrichus politus, Pl. Fig. 1. Adult female, 2. Head of female from above, 3. Head of female side view, 4. Anten- nule of female, 5. of female, 6. Inner endite of maxillula of female, 7. Outer endite of maxillula of female, 8. Maxilla of female, 9. Maxillipede of female, 10. lst perceopod of female, 11. 7th perceopod of female, 12. lst pleopod of male, 13. Uropod of female oe Liddar Valley, Kashmir, Pl. .. Measurement and photography of specimens of big game. . (with photo and 3 plates).. Megaderma spasma ceylonensis,
Pl., Figs. 1 and 2 Molpastes bengalensis, Pl., Fig. B. Nest ne — hemorrhous, Pl., Fig. A. Nest and eggs ae Nelliampathy Hills, Pl, a Mulcer, climbing for honey, driving in pegs as he climbs.
4
c., anal
Antenna,
PAGE
324 493 155
179
230
327 334
Nephila maculata, Male and female in con- junction, Pl... Palp of male Fig. a. Globular dilatation, b. stilette
cophylla smaragdina, Fig. a.
Head from front ..
Nest, Pl.
Byre, Pl. Oriolus kundoo, P1., Fig. (C) Orogomphus atkinsont, anal appendage, Fig. 1, seen from the side, Fig. Zr from
below
ee Ei. 16!
Wings of
male
—
—-—speciosus, anal ap- pendage side view, Fig. 3
Orthotomus sutorius, Pl., A. Nest
Otocompsa emeria, Pl., Bulbul and Nest one
Parcluma minuta, Pl., Fig. 1. Female ? Adult, 2. Head of female, front view, 3. Anten-
Fig.
Fig. C.,
nule of female, 4. Antenna, 5. Inner endite of maxillula of female, 6. Outer endite of maxillula of female, 7. Maxilla of female, 8. Maxillipede, 9. Ist perceopod of female, 10. 7th perceopod of female, 11. Uropod of female
Perdicula asiatica, Pl... ee
Pericrocotus peregrinus, P)., Fig. (C) be
KKV
PAGE
99 309
334
XXVI Periscyphis (=-Cercocytonus) tamei, PL, Fig. 1. Adult
female, 2. Head and first segment of female, 3. Head of female, side view, 4. Antin- nule of male, 5. Antenna of male, 6. Inner’ endite of maxillula of male, 7. Outer endite of maxillula_ of female, 8. Outer endite of maxillula of male, 9. Maxilla of male, 10. Maxillipede of male, 11. Ist perceopod of female, 12. 7th perceopod of male and part of 7th perceop- od of female, 13. Ist pleopod of male. 14, 2nd pleopod of male, 15. Uropod of male, 16. Telson of male a Porcellio (? Agabiformis) rufob- runneus, Pl., Fig. 1.
Adult male, 2. Head of
male, front view, 3. Antennule of male, 4. Antenna of male. 5. Inner endite of maxil-
lula of male, 6. Outer endite of maxillula
of male, 7. Maxillipcde
of male, 8. Ist perceopod of female, 9.
7th perosopod of female, 10. lst pleopod
of male, 11 Uropod
of male ae ——-—— (Porcellio) evansi, Pl., Fig. 1. Adult female, 2. Head of female, front view, 3. Antennule of female, 4. An- tenna of female and flagellum of male, 5. Inner endite of Maxillula of female, 6. Outer endite of Maxillula of female, 7. Maxillipede of female, 8. Ist perceopod of female, 9. 7th perceopod of female, 10. Uropod of female, 11. Uropod of male oi oe aie
103
101
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
Paat
Porcellio (Royopus) calmani, P1., Tig. 1. Adult female, 2. Head ot female, 3. Antennule of female, 4, Antenna of female, d. Inner endite of maxillula of female, 6. Outer endite of mavxillula of female, 7. Maxilla of female, 8. Maxillipede of female, 9, Ist perceopod of female, 10. 7th perceopod of female, 11. Uropoda and Tel- son of female..
Prinia inornata, Pl., Fig. D. Nest ie ae
Pteropus giganteus giganteus, Pl.
Python molurus, Pl.
Quail snaring in North Bihar, PI. (A) Quail Snarers with nets, (B) The nets, in situ
Rana sternosignata, Figs, 1 and 2. Sensory Canals ..
Rann of Cutch (with two plates) Rhipidura albifrontata, Pl, Fig.(B) Selenarctos thibetanus, Pl.
Siam (a journey and _ back) (with 3 plates)
Siam, a journey to, and back, Pl. 1 Fig. (A) Loading the Elephants with kit. Fig. (B) Crossing the Siam Burma Frontier a4 at Pl. II Fig. (A) Looking across the Thaungyin River at the first Siamese Village, Fig. (B) The Mela Moung Stream, 5 miles above Miba
Sikkim Himalavas, Map ..
——Pl. (A) La-
chung Valley
(8) Vista sot
Kedom Village, Lachun g Valley
102
111 154 567 565: 134 274 300: 318
169:
378.
379 503:
508:
508
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. X¥ vil
PAGE
Tagiades atticus, Head of Fig. 2 446 —litigiosa, Cell of egg-
larva Fig. 3 .. ws ~. 449 Tatera ceylonica, Pl., and Fig.
of breeding hole ;
Tephrodornis, pondicerianus, Pl. Fig. (B) 1. ewe =~ 8834] Province (4 photographs and
Ursus isabellinus, Pl. .. 319
ee
Viverra zibetha, Pl., Fig. B. .. 174
Waziristan and the adjoining
214 ‘ ie : portion of the N. W. Frontier
Terpsiphone paradisi, PL, Fig. a map) oe “i se Oey; Lt ees, ti Rs 355
Tiger shot and presented by A. Zosterops palpebrosa, Pl., Fig. A. Dunbar Brander, I.F.S.... 460! (B) Nest - tes 107
XXV11 ERRATA.
Page 2, line 33, for 1875 read 1865 and for swalow read Swatow.
» 109, ,, 30, for emewa read emeria.
5 122, ,, 12, for Agamora read Agamura.
>. 146, 2 oe for Ne BW cod NB Oa:
278, ,, 9 from bottom, for Perdrix read Perdix.
» 278, ,, 4 from bottom, for brunneipennis read brunnerpectus.
» 279, , 5S from top, jfor brunneipennis read brunnet pectus.
» 290, ,, 21, for Vigros read Vigors.
Contents of Vol. XXIX—
No. 1, page IV, line 4 from bottom, for Gell read Gill. 35 2h a VEL 8 for bbSieqd 59: 19 07.097, oo0: 22: For 560) Dol. 26, for 561 4, 562. 32, for 563, 564. Page 498, line 8 from bottom, for rupilala read rufilata. 5, 928, ,, 20, for visalav read visala. » 544, ,, 3, from bottom, for thunbergia read thunbergi.
Sn A ee a », for Dendrognothus read Den- drognathus.
» 999, ,, 25, for Cerasosphila read Cerasophila. » 960, ,, 1, for alpinus read alpestres. » 962, ,, 11, for burmannicus read burmanicus.
Ablepharus grayanus
Acanthion bengalensis
————-—hodgsoni leucurus millsi
_- nipalensis
Acanthodactylus cantoris
. Acanthopneuste magnirostris
occipitalis
Acipiter virgatus
Aciagrion pallidum
_ Acisoma panorpoides
Acridotheres ginginianus
——s
———tristis Adina cordifolia .. a:
Afeschna erythromelas ..
juncea
mixta
ornithocephala ——-—— petalura
viridis .. Alisoma panorpoides Aigithaliscus iouschistos
niveigularis
Aigithina tiphia Aigle marmelos .. Aithriamanta brevipennis
—
es eee
Aux galericulata .. Agama caucasica isolepis lirata, rubrigularis Agamura persica Agrates flammatra Agrinoptera insignis Agriocnemis incisa
lacteola pygmxa
XXIX
INDEX OF SPECIES.
NUMBER
118
brevipennis. .
pal 118, . 118, 121, 118, 118,
120,
Ailurus fulgens
Abizzias ae ;
Alcedo asiatica coltarti
ispida
Allogaster latifrons
Alseonax ruficaudus
Amblonyx cinerea
Amphieschna beesoni
Amphithemis curvistyla — marie
————--——- nigricolor.. —_——_———- vacillans Anacizeschna donaldi
jaspidea Anapheeis mesentina mesentina
—— taprobana Anas acuta
angustirostris
beeri ‘ caryophyllacea
clangula
clypeata
coromandeliana
crecca cygnus falcata
ferina
—-—- ferruginea .. —— formosa fuligula
— fulva
galericulata
javanica
leucocephala
—— marila
—-— olor
penelope... 3t aie ——- platyrhyncha platyrhyncha ——— platyrhynchus
NUMBER
417, 509 191 266
ae 19 277, 564
XXX NUMBER.
Anas peecilorhyncha haringtoni 20 —— —--———-—- pecilorhyncha .. 19 —- ————-—— zonorhynecha >. 19 —— querquedula ee ae ae 20 — rufa ce are aA ae 21 —— rufina nis ee ae ar 21 ——- scutulata .. a A Ap 17 ——-strepera .. cee oe oe 20 —— tadorna 56 the ee Ho) Anastomus oscitans “ee Ars ss 13 Anax goliathus .. Bs i a 66 guttatus oe 66, 141
—— immaculifrons 3 an ae 66 —— parthenope bacchus As on 66 —— ——_——— julius.. ar on 66 —— ——-—-——_ parthenope .. . 66, 141 Ancistrodon hypnale.. a oe ous Anhinga melanogaster .. a Bs 10 Anisogomphus occipitalis 64, 332 ——— orites 64, 332 Anisopleura comes 477 —_———- furcata 477 -~ lestoides sia CATES, Anogeissus latifolia 191, 203 ——— pendulla 203 Anomaloniscus .. ae = Me 93 Anormogomphus hereropterus.. 61, 142, 330 Anorthura neglecta 495
39, 59, 328
Anotogaster basalis ee =e ——— nipalensis 38, 39, 59, 328 Anser albifrons albifrons ae Ae 18 ——— anser ae ae Bs ae 18 ——— brachyrhynchus “he ah 18 ——. erythropus se oe BA 18 —_—— fabilis sibericus .. eke ee 18 indicus .. ste vas a 18 ——— melanotos Mis ae se 17 ——— neglectus .. : 18, 529 ruficollis .. ae ate oe 19 Anthus rosaceus .. 500 rufulus oe 00D Antilope cervicapra 426, 555
—--—— agathon agathon 250
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Aporia agathon caphusa -——-—. phryxe
——— larraldei harrietx ——— leucodice balueha ——— ———— soracte —--— nabellica hesba .. ———- ———— nabellica Appias alage lagela
— albina darada
——— albina v. flava —-——_ _-— — v. semiflava —-—— albina venusta .. ———- indra indra ——— —— narendra .. ———— —--— shiva ——~-— lalage lalage ——-—- lalassis AS ——— libythea libythea zelmira..
——— lyncida hippoides
ee aia Sclaban
ICOM AICH taprobana —-—-— melania adamsoni —_—-—. _-—-— galathea
——_— ——— Vv. lankapura
—_—— ——— paulina —_—— —_-—wardii .. ——— nero galba ne panda chrysea
@. . ° | Arboricola brunneipennis
Arcticonus thibetanus .. Arctogalidia millsi Arctonyx collaris.. Ardea alba
—-— asha
———— cinerea cinerea —-— ——— jouyi
—-— cinnamomea —— dubia
——— episcopus
——— flavicollis..
——— garzetta .. poliath .. ~ oe
al
NUMBER.
bo ot ot Ot Or Or Or IWwWwWwWNDhWL ©
Ow Ox bo bo
OowWwbwWwnwehPdnNwNNnWwhwnNhHybHwbWw NY YH DY WY WD WW Gt Ot St Ot Ct Ot OF Or Oye Ounce ¢ ree Hm G2 wo WwW oO LO ow
i
bho Or Ho
By BEE!
254
278
417 is 208 224, 428 14 15 14 14 16 13 13 16 15 14
Ardea gravi es ae 3 ——— insignis ——-— intermedia
——— javanica ..
———- melanolopha
——— minuta
——— modesta
——— nigra
——— nycticorax
——— oscitans
———— purpurea manillensis Sacta .< ay Sie ——-— sinensis
——— stellaris
——— sumatrana sumatrana .. Ardeola baccha
— grayil
Armadillidium davidi
——§--festie
—_______—_—\_fissum
‘granum
—___.—____—_hybridum
a certzenll .. Armandia lidderdalei Asacornis scutulata Asphodelos fistulosus Austroxschna intersedens Axis axis .. ane
oryzus
Azuma cyanocephala frontalis . vittata ——— vittigera ..
Baltia butleri butleri
sikkima .. shawi mC we Se Bandicota nemorivaga .. fe Baoris farri te an oe Barbastella darjelingensis Barangia nepalensis .. ee Bassia latifolia .. ag RA
INDEX OF SPECIES,
NUMBER.
V7 567 67
426, 554
426:
57, 140 57,149
419,
o7
57
Bayadera byalina ee a8
—————indica ..
Bibos gaurus
—— banteng
butleri
Bos grunniens
Boswellia serrata Botaurus stellaris stellaris Brachycentrus subnutilus Brachydiplax farinosa ..
-gestrol
—_—_——- sobrina Brachyophidium rhodogaster Brachy themis contaminata Bradinopyga geminata .. Branta albifrons ..
ruficollis ..
Bubalis bubalis macroceros Bubo coromandus Bubuleus ibis coromandus Buchanania latifolia Budorcas taxicolor
Bufo melanostictus Be ae
olivaceus ——stomaticus
Bungarus ceruleus a sindanus
Buphus bacchus .. Burmagomphus duarensis ———pyramidalis ——-—sivalikensis
vermiculatus ..
Buteo ferox
Butorides striatus javanicus spodiogaster Byasa adamsoni ..
aidoneus
alcinous pembertoni tytleri
_—-—. aristolochiz aristolochic
—— camorta
—__— —_—_——— ceylonicus ..
goniopeltis
—=—¢oon cacharensis aS
XXX1
NUMBER.
XXX11
Byasa coon doubledayi
sambilanga crassipes .. ca dasarada barata ..
= aasaraaa Se A) hector
jophon jophon
pandiyana latreillei kabrua ..
— latreillei.. neptunus .. nevilli
—
——philoxenus philoxenus polyeuctes
polla rhodifer
varuna astorion ..
Varuna
sycorax
zaleucus v. punctata Caccabis chucar .. Caliphcea confusa Callacanthis burtoni Calliope pectoralis Callophis macclellandi Callosciurus caniceps
erythreus nagarum Calotes versicolor
Camacinia gigantea
— harterti Campophaga sykesi
Cancroma coromanda
Canis aureus
indicus
lupus
SS llioes Cannomys badius Capra jemlahica .. jharal quadrimammis sibirica skyn
Capricornis sumatrensis rubidus ——————- thar
INDEX OF SPECIES.
NUMBER. 932 nt asiaticus asiaticus 232 indicus indicus 2333} || ——— macrurus nipalensis 233 | monticola 235 ————hispidus _.. 233 | Carbo javanicus .. a 232 | Carduelis caniceps 232 | Casarea ferruginea 232 | ——_--—— rutila 233 | Catopsilia crocale 233 florella.. : 232 | ——-——---pomona sts 233 | —-———_—_—_ v. catilla 233 | ——————pyranthe es Zollar —scylla .. ae 233 | Celoenorrhinus ambareesa 939 | -—_——————area 231 leucocera _. 931 | Cephaloeschna acutifrons 232, 245 _— lugubris .. O24) ba ——masoni 501 |——-= = _Orbpitrons 477| Cerasophila thompsoni .. 509 | Cercocytonus ee 498 | Cercopithecus albocinereus 468 | Ceriagrion cerinorubellum 380 | ———--— coromandelianum .. 226)—-— ru bie 118, 123 Certhia familiaris nipalensis 57|—- himalayana 57 | —-——_ hodgsoni 333| Cervulus fez 15 | Cervus duvauceli. . .. 9413) =poreinus 90, 413 | ————pumilio 33 | ———-wallichi ie 34 | Charaxes arja vernus 228, 423 | Charronia flavigula 425 Chaulelasmus streperus 495 | Chelidon kashmiriensis .. 425 Chilasa agestor agestor 425 (cer Sas — govindra 928 | —clytia v. commixtus 425 3 ——— clvtia
NUMBER
287 286 286 236 428
144 144
508, 509 495, 557 495
177
427
426
426
427 B86 225, 414 20
500
234
INDEX OF SPECIES:
Chilasa clytia v. dissimila
-y. dissimillima .. flavolimbatus ——__—_--—_ v.. Janus lankeswara, onpape —_————— V. papone .. ——~— epycides epycides hypochra ——— paradexe telearchus —_______——- v. danisepa ———— slateri slateri tavoyana Chimarrhornis leucocephalus .. Chimmarogale himalayica oe Chrysomitris spinoides _ Ciconia ciconia asiatica ..
eee eee
——_
ad —
boyciana .. ——— javanica
-——— nigra
Cinclus asiaticus
Cissa chinensis chinensis Cisticola cursitans Climacobasis modesta .. Coenagrion dyeri ie Coenonympha myops macmahoni Colias alpherakii chitralensis .. — berylla
——-— croceus croceus. .
edusina .. fieldii
es
—— —____—_.
——— dubia
——-— eogene Vv. cana. . -———‘eogene .. ‘leechii .
v. chrysodonu ..
—___.
—w— hyale ‘Vv. erate
—__————hyale ——_——__—— nilagiriensis
v. pallida —-— ladakensis - nastes thrastbulus
— stoliczana miranda a :
XXXIi
NUMBER. NuMBER 234 | Colias stoliezana stoliczana Oe ey! : wiskotti is oo .. 255
234 | Coleus monedula collaris 161 284 | Collosciurus epomophorus hastilis sub-spn.877 234 |Colotis amata amata .. a e209 234 | v. albina 259 234 modesta 259 234|____. dane dan 260 254 | dulcis 260 234 |____ etrida etrida 259 Dep A eee =e pata: 259 234 | ______ eucharis 259 234|______ fausta fausta 259 234 |__ fulvia .. 259 498 | _ protractus 259 223 vestalis .. 259 510 | Coluber leonardi 477 12|_____ padiatus 302 13 olymbus cristatus ne we os 22 13 |Contia angust iceps ae Re So eA I3 — persica .. a ee Bay) 499 | Conostoma zmodius ee we Ood 514 | Coracias garrula ee a 2<, 000 113 Cordulegaster annulatus .. 43, 45 476 bidentatus .. 48, 59 145;______s__ previstigma 38, 40, 41, 59, 328 537) _______ parvistigma 42, 59, 328 25% pictus .. nes ci 43 ao Corvus corax laurencei .. ee oe 157 258 —_——— tibetanus 157, 512 258 | ______ cornix sharpei .. 159 258]_______ gorone be a 158 257 | _____ coronoides intermedius 160, 513 258 | _____ frugilegus tachusii 158 258 | ______ macrorhynchus 289, 493 257 |___._ monedula = ». «4938 257)______. splendens splendens 159, 289, 290, 513 291 | a zugmayeri 160 257 Corydalla striolata 510 257) Coturnix argoondah 815 OT ee cainiana i bi Na 2 257 cambayensis .. cei col) 257|_________ ehinensis one oe 50 l ». 258;|————- excalfactoria ,, a e2 1
XXXIV Coturnix (Excalfactoria) chinensis —— minima
—
pentah.. ae
———-— philippensis rubiginosa
— sinensis
Crateropus canorus
Cratilla liniata
metallica
Cremastogaster rogenhoferi
Cricetulus sp.
Crocidura rubricosa we
Crocopus pheenicoplirus
Crocothemis erythrea
servilia
servilia
Cubaris officionalis Cuculus canorus - poliocephalus saturatus Cuon dukhunensis a Cyclogomphus heretostylus minusculus os veiticalis vesiculosus —ypsilon Cygnus bewicki .. cygnus .. oe ae jankowskii oe ee minor musicus .. — olor a Cylindrophis maculatus rufus ae aie Cynopterus brachyotis .. —-—— —— angulatus
marginatus Cyon dukhunensis “ Cyornis leucomelanurus superceliaris .. oe Cypselus affinis .. . es apus .. ote ee
17, 287, 540
NuMBER.
51
51
568
118
90, 409 381, 385 56
56
139
95
501
50]
501
35, 225, 413
64, 332 64, 332 64, 332 64, 332 64, 332
17 17, 540
ike
oe 17
540
354
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Dafila acuta se es oe Daimio milliana .. nO onubes Dalbergia latifolia ae aie Danais aglea aglea —melanoides melanoleuca = agleoides -alcippus .. ——-——aspasia ——--—chrysippus —- dorippus 43 ee
gautama gautamoides . limniace mutina melaneus plateniston -‘melanippus indicus Nesippus + melissa dravidarum ..
musikanos ————nilgiriensis se os -plexippus os ee
septentrionis
— similis exprompta nicobarica ee vulgaris .. ee —tytia sita 56 sie -—__—_—_—__—ty tia 0 “0 Daption capensis. . os oe Davidius aberrans a ore davidi assamensis .. ——— davidi a6 —— stevensi AA oe zallorensis .. ar Delias aglaia 45 ie ee agostina agoranis ee ———— agostina ee -- belladonna belladonna .. —— berinda os —____—___—_——- ithiela os
———perspicua .. ——V,sanaca .. —-—descombesi leucacantha
eucharis .. sie are ——-hyparete ciris .. oe ethire .. ee
NUMBER, 20 «. 443 a 19] 520 520 520 520 . 521 520 . ede 521 A 521 521 520 521 521 ell ave 521 7a O2e 173, 521 521 oe ©6208 -« 5205 ee -O2e . o28 520 ll 61, 329 61, 329 61, 329 61, 330 61, 330 . Zot 250 250 -. 250 oe) Zea 250 ~. 25t . 250 s. 20 -. 258 ~. 3886 oo «so
INDEX OF
Delias hyparete hierte .. a0 3 thysbe kandha
pyramus Demiegretta sacra asha
—sacra Dendrocitta frontalis leucogastra rufa vagabunda .. ——_—_—-—-- sinensis himalayensis -_—_————-vagabunda pallida Dendrocopus himalayensis Dendrocygna fulva javanica Dendrognathus indicus Dercas lycorias decipiens verhueli doubledayi —gobrias .. Diceum trigonostigma .. Dichoceros bicornis Dicrurus ater Diospyros tomentosa Diplacodes lefebrei -— nebulosa trivialis Dipodilus indus .. Dipsadomorphus gokool —_—_—_—__—_——— jollyi trigonatus Dissemurus paradiseus Dissoura episcopa episcopa.. —_—_—_—_—-—- neglecta Dremomys lokriah macmillani pernyl — rufigenis opimus Dryobates darjellensis hyperythrus hyperythrus Dryonastes nuchalis Dupetor flavicollis flavicollis
——_—_—_.
Kchis carinatus .. var, nigrocincta Echo margarita .. 5e oe
SPECIES,
XXXV,
NUMBER. NUMBER 959 | Egretta alba alba ‘ 14
Oy | || ae modesta 14
2951 | ——— garzetta garzetta 15
15 |——— intermedia intermedia .. 14
15 | Elephas asiaticus 428
Bs — isodactylus -« 428 204|-— heterodadylus 429
ee ails maximus 428, 554 162, 515 | Emberiza stracheyi 500 163 | Emyda granosa .. 120
500 | Enallagma parvum 149
19 | Epallage fateme .. 477
19| Epimys vicerex .. : 421
544 | Equus hemionus.. , 275
255 | ——— kiang 428
255 | Eremias fasciata 12¢
255 — guttulata 118, 125
255 | ——-— velox 118, 125
266 | Exinaceus collaris 409
280, 294 —— gravil .. 409 1111 —— spatangus .. 409
903 | Erisinatura leucocephala 22
54.| Erythropus amurensis .. 292 54,138 | Eryx conicus ses ve ae oe 353 54,138 jaculus a «.« 118, 127, 128, 353 118 | Eublepharis macularius. . 118, 122
302 | Eugenia jambolana Ae 191
127 | Eumeces schneideri "ie 120
129 scutatus as 126
294| Eumenes conica 304
13 | Eunetta falcata .. oe ois oe 20
es 13 | Euploeea alcathe esatia oe 52] 226, 419 - doubledayi . 821 227 | -———- andamanensis - 523
226 camaralzaman 523
226 core asela 35 523
508, 509 | ——— core oe 523 507 | ——-——- layardi : - 8623
266 ——— vermicelata ~ 623
16 coreta coreta : 524 —__—_— montana . 524
corus corus : : 522
. 118|———— —-— pheebus : ee | O22 -» 130)———— vitrina .. ae be wee oo 476 crameri bremeri oe se One
XxXvi
——inconspicua ee
INDEX OF SPECIES,
NUMBER.
Euploea cremeri frauenfeldii 523 deione deione .. oi) 524
—_——_—— —-— limborgi 524 —_——_——_ -—-—. menetriesii 524 diocletiana diocletiana 522
—- —— ramsayi 522 dioclatianus 384
godartii 523
harrisi harrisi .. 524
————~ ———hopei 524 klugii crassa 522
—_———. —-—klugii B22 ——-kollari 522
—_—— ———macclellandi 522 reepstorfii 522
—- sinhala 522 leucostictus leucogonys 22
a novare 522
mazares ledereri YY, midamus brahma 523
——— splendens 522 modesta Wome cae
———— mulciber 381, 384 — kalinga 521 —_——_—- ——-—— mulciber §2] —_—— scherzeri 523 Kuthalia cognata 38 — dirtea 380 Excalfactoria chinensis .. eee ——_______—___—_—- chinensis Me 74 —_—-—__—+ trinkutensis a ——_—_—_—_———- minima 7 ——__—— sinensis 2 trinkutensis a
Falco subbuteo .. 501 Felis affinis oe sit Sa —hbengalensis .. “32, 223, 410, 553. —caracal as we 28 ‘——chaus 31, 411 —-_huttoni 41] 41i
NuMBER.
Felis lynx --. .. te a6 - 30 —macroscelis .. 410 -——macrosceloides 416 ——manul 32 marmorata .. 428 moormensis .. 410 -~—-—murmensis 410 nebulosa 410 —-ornata ae ae 32 ——-pardus 23, 410, 549, 553 temmincki 31, 410 tigris 410, 548, 553 torquata ..d2, 411 ——unica .. 29 viverrina 410 Francolinus chinensis 278 Fregata andrewsi 9 —ariel iredalei 10
minor aldabrensis 9
Fregetta tropica melanogastra 11 Fringillauda sordida oe) DOU Fulvetta vinipecta vinipecta 507, 509 Funambulus pennanti 419 Gallus ferrugineus 278 Gandaca harina andamana 255 — assamica .. 255 burmana .. 255
Garrulax albogularis oe tery ole Garrulus bispecularis interstinctus 509, 515 = glandarius bispecularis 167 Garuga pinnata emeugy! | Gazella bennetti .. 275, 426 Genneeus lineatus 172 — nyctheremus rufipes 563 —--—— sharpel 384
rufipes 384 Glaucidium brodiei : 561 Glaucionetta clangula clangula : 21 Glauconia blanfordi 351, 352 ———— carltoni .» 3d] macrorhynchus ce eos
Non, toe
Golunda ellioti .. a ane
INDEX OF SPECIES, >. .4'4 Vas
NuMBER, NUMBER, Getunda ellioti bombax sub-sp.n. .. 375 Gynacantha saltatrix .. mn ar 69 —————ceenosa sub-sp, n. - (346 <= subinterrupta .. - 68 : coffceea: .. ‘ .. 376| Gynacantheschna sikkima ... eis 67 ——coraginis rere He Soto VION aa 67 ellioti .. AS .. 375| Gypaetus barbatus ee ne a out gujerati sub-sp. n. .. 374) Gyps himalayensis ese teas Sen AOL —limitaris sub-sp.'n. io. ole —_-—__—_——_-myothrix os ~ 316 pa newera .. - .. 376| Harpiocephalus harpia madrassius sub- paupera sub-sp.n. Ses i ee sp.n, .. 88 —watsoni .. she —) 374) —__.._ — _ mordax sp. n: ne 88 Gomphidia abbotti es ne 60, 329 | Hebomoia glaucippe australis .. . 260 —__—_—_———_T. nigrum.. eC 142.399 | = CO ONICH .. 260 Gomphus ceylonicus .. ait 622.330)... glaucippe .. 260 —————cyanofrons .. a 625330). _— — roepstori -. 260 ae Jaidlawi i. o 62, 330 | Helictis everetti ‘es es o 45D —-————nilgiricus a a 62, 330 | —— millsi .. ars - wp oo o’doneli in ca 622330; > moschata nega soe .. 415 personatus .. At 62, 330 | ————— nipalensis aye ee ae, 4hd —- promelas ame a 62, 330 | Heliogomphus nietneri ae .. ool xanthenatus .. a 623350). Pans oes a. 233i Pe optaryx aspasia chitralensis .. 255 | ——— spirillus oe eo. added —— -rhamni nepalensis .. 255|Hemianax ephippiger .. oe 66, 141 zaneka zancka sa... .. 255\| Hemichelidon sibirica .. ee .. 497 — zanekoides .. 255| Hemicordulia asiatica .. a % 57 Gongylophis conicus.. i .. 353| Hemidactylus flaviviridis an fh. pelo Gorsachius melanolophus oe NGS 284 ieee persicus ve -» 122 Graculus eremita oa aa .. 493 | Hemiechinus collaris ; »» 409 Graucalus macii .. 3 2: .. 338| ——————megalotis a és 8 Grewia. tilleafolia mS 1s .. 191] Hemilepistus pectinatus .. 93, 95, 104 Grypomys gleadowi Wi .. > we» ds 118 | Hemitragus hylocrius .. rs s., 04 Gulo nipalensis .. ate me wal oP 4b —jemlahicus .. aS ». 425 Gunomys bengalensis 91, 420 |—_—————jemlaiens .. - 2. 425 Gymnodactylus ingoldbyi sp. n. .. 121; Herpestes auropunctatus a .. 412 ——_—____—-——-scaber ie Pree (241 | —— edwardesi ferugineus .. 118 Gynacantha bainbriggei al 69, 142 | —————- edwardsi 2 2 -. 412 —_—_—_—__——— hasiguttata ak Md 68 | —————— nepalensis .. he. 224, 412 = bagadera .. ye as 69)|-—— UCVa si ae .. 412 —fureata .. is ny 68] Hestia hypermnestra Tneeeies vo) DID —- hanumana ee A, 69 leuconce siamensis a #e OLD -————— hyalina .. is a 69 lynceus agarmarschana .. 519 ——_____——- khasiaca .. as as 68 | —__—— ———-— arracana ae 4. -- 519
millardi .. Pe ee 63: ————— eadelli .. Ae ate 519 o’doneli_ .. cue ae 69 | _———————— hadeni .. se as 519
XXX Vill
Hestia lynceus jasonia .. — kanarensis malabarica Heterogomphus bicornutus ——__—_—_————. ceylonicus nietneri pruinans risi ————____—_—_—_——. smithi spirillus Heteroxenicus sinensis .. Hilarocichla rufiventer .. Hipposideros amboinensis armiger ——————._ atratus hicolor — brachyotus ..
-_—_—_———- cinerascens. .
fulvus
speoris speoris Hirundo javanica
— nepalensis Hodgsonius pheenicuroides Huphina lea - nadina amba
— andamana
— cingala — —— nadina —_—________—- remba ————-— nerissa daphna — evagete lichenosa
phryne Hydrobasileus croceus Hyelaphus porcinus Hylobates hoolock lar Hyleeothemis fruhstorferi Hylopetes alboniger Uypacanthis spinoides
Hypermnestra helios balucha ..
Hypsipetes concolor
- leucocephalus Hystrix alophus .. lecuura ..
=
INDEX OF
SPECIES,
NUMBER. |
63, 63,
63,
63, °
378,
519 519 519 331 dol
Ianthia rufilata Ibis papillogus Ictinus angulosus atrox — ——— clavatus ..
pertinax .. rapax mordax proecox rapax Idionyx corona corona
nilgiriensis nadganii ——-——optata ornata .. yolanda . Indogomphus longistigma Indolestes bilineata -—budda —helena indica .. pulcherrenia .. —veronica Indomacromia nilgiriensis
Indothemis cxsia
limbata Inocotis papillosus davisoni papillosus
Ischnura aurora .. rufostigma senegalensis Ixias marianne marianne
—nola -~_—--pyrene andamana
cingalensis frequens latifasciata moulmeinensis pirenassa . —-- rhexia Ixobrychus cinnamomeus minutus minutus —_—_—_—_—— sinensis
ixops nipalensis nipalensis
Jagoria martini ..
NuMBER,
498
ae 12 60, 329 60, 329 aio aus eee 60, 328 60, 328 60, 328 142, 328 59
59
59
58
59
As 59 . 64, 332 48]
481
431
67
INDEX OF SPECIES,
NUMBER.
Kachuga smithii ri a Brien 40 Kallima inachis .. 5G -- 384 Kerivoula hardwickei ‘ uu Labeo boya ee ah vs . 189 —— kontius us «» 189 Lagerstroemia microcarpa we LO Laletris lanceolatus of .. 166 Lamellogomphus biforceps acinaces _—_65, 332 biforceps 64, 332
nilgeriensis 65, 332
—— sp. 65 Lampides celeno .. 386 —elpis .. 386 Lanius erythronotus 336 lahtora 304 vittatus .. 300 Larvivora brunnea 494 Lathrecista asiatica ale 56 Leggada booduga a ees Ok -cervicolor 422
palnica sp. n. 87
sp. 227 Leptocircus curius 242, 384 -meges indistincta 242
virescens 242
Leptogomphus gestroi .. 63, 33] inclitus 63, 331
maculivertex 63, 331 Leptoptilus dubius 13 —— javanicus 1S Leptosia xiphia nicobarica 247 xiphia 247
Leptotrichas politus sp. n. 95, 104 Lepus nigricollis .. 554 oiostolus .. 424 pallipes 424 ruficaudatus 92, 423 Lestes barbara 480 cyanea A8i
elata a 480
— gracilis birmanus.. 481 divisa 48] gracilis 481
Lestes nigriceps .. nodalis .. se orientalis .. as preemorsa decipiens dorothea
—— preemorsa thoracica .. umbrina
viridula Lethe andersoni ..
armandii .. atkinsonia. .
——— baladeva aisa
—- baladeva ——— bhadra
——-— bhairava ..
brisanda
-———— chandica chandica flanona — confusa confusa
eeeeerare as eee
gambara —-— daretis distans.-
—-—— dura dura
——— —— gammei drypetis drypetis ——_—- ——-— todara ——— dynsate
——— europa niladana . — nudgara ragalva —————tamuna, +; ——— gemina gafuri — goalpara goalpara — narkanda gulnihal gulnihal ——peguana . insana dinarbas
—_—__—_—_—_—_—— insana
irma
jalunda elwesi jalurida jalurida .. kabrua kankupkhula kansa
xXxxfx
NuMBER,
143,
143, 143,
480: 480 480 480: 480 480: 480: 480 480- 531 536 532 531 531 536. 535. 534 535 535 533 533 533 536 533 533 533: 533: 534 533° 533) 533 533 530 532 532 535: 535 534 534 531 532 532 532 532 536
|:
4
Lethe latiaris .. maitrva .. margaritce
mekara mekara -—- zuchara .. minerva tritogeneia moelleri
muirheadi bhima naga
nicetas
nicetella
nicevillei .. ocellata lyncus pulaha pulaha pulahoides pulahina ramadeva
rohria dyrta nilgirensis. . ——— rohria satyvate
scanda
serbonis naganum — serbonis siderea
sidonis sidonis —— vaivarta’..
PLETE TERETE
sinorix
|
sura tristigmata
verma sintica stenopa verma vindhya
visrava
yama vama
—~—— yamoides Libellago asiatica Libellula fulva .. ‘ quadrimaculata Ligia exotica
—pallasii .. Liopeltis frenatus Lobopelta oe Jophophanes ater emodius
|
Be
INDEX OF SPECIES.
NUMBER.
535 531 .. 534 -- 535 535 535 532 536 534 532 531 531 532 536 536 536 531 533 533 533 536 535 534 534 531 531 531 536 532 532 O34 534 534 536 531 537 537 479 ay |
NUMBER, Lophophanes dichrous. dichrous © 508 . melanolophus 494 rufinuchalis 494 —_—_—————. rufonuchalis beavani 508 ——— impejanus 508 -——— refulgens 501 Lutra aurobrunnea 416 — barang 416 ——-concolor .. ee 416 —— ellioti 416 ——— indica 415. ——— lutra 275 ———_ —— hair .. 415 ——— macrodus .. 416 ——— monticola 415 tarayensis 416 Lutrogale barang tarayensis 416 Lycodon striatus 128 Lynchus erythrotis 411 Lyriothemis augastra 52 — -—— bivittata .. 52. —- - cleis 52 ——_—_—-—— mortoni . 52 —- —— tricolor 52 Lyroderma lyra .. 20 406 Mabuia dissimilis 125 Macaca arctoides. . ee on ee ——_—-— assamensis .. 222, 403, 404 ——_—— ferox 902 ——— mulatta .. 222, 403 ———— rhesus 403 —sinica 552 Macacus arctoides 222 ~ oinops 403 — pelops 403 Macrodeplax cora 53 Macrogomphus annulatus 61, 329 montanus 61, 329 ——— robustus 61, 329 Macromia atuberculata. . 58 -~_——_—— binocellata 58 — - cingulata 58 ellisoni 58
Macromia flavicincta flavocolorata indica moorei trituberculata Manis aurita pentadactyla Mardarinia regalis Mareca albigularis penelope Marmaronetta angustirostris Marmota himalayanus Martes flavigula .. Matrona basilaris nigripectus Meandrusa gyas aribbas gyas payeni amphis evan Megaderma spasma ceylonensis Megalestes major Melanonyx arvensis sibiricus Melanophidium bilineatum punctatum
————- wynadense Mellivora indica .. Melogale nipalensis personata
——
Melursus ursinus Menetes berdmorei
Merganser merganser orientalis
serrator Mergus albellus orientalis
serrator
Meriones hurrianz
—-— swinhei
Merula bourdilloni
— castanea ..
maxima ..
Microcercus aA
Microgomphus lilliputians loogali torquatus
Micromerus blandus
6
INDEX OF SPECIES,
Numer. |
58 | Micromerus finalis
58
58 428
..229, 428, 509
lineatus
Microperdix erythrorhynchus ..
Millardia meltada Milvus melanotis Minca a us Miniopterus fuliginosus . .
526 | Mnais andersoni .. 20 earnshawi 20 | Molpastes bengalensis 21 - hemorrhous 419} Moschiola meminna 414] Moschus moschiferus 476 | Motacilla alba hodgsoni. . 476 personata 242 cinerea melanope 242 citreola calearata 242 flava thunbergi 242 | _—__—— hodgsoni 155 maderaspatensis 480 melanope 18| Mungos mungo 360 smithi 360 viticollis 360 | Muntiacus fee .. 415 malabaricus 415 | —— - vaginalis 415] Murina huttoni 553 | Mus arboreus 378 | ——- brunneus 99 | —— brunneusculus 92 | —— dubius 22 | —-—— flavescens 22 | —— homourus 22 |-——- macropus 118|—— myiothrix .. 118 rattordes .. 565|—— (Rattus) nemorivagus .. 499]—— rufescens 499 | ——- strophiatus ots 97 | Mustela calotis 60, 329 canigula . .60, 329 erminea 60, 329 foina -. 479 ———— gwatkinsi
xli
“NUMBER.
479 479
408 476 476 109 108 427 427 282 PO ees 282 .. 281, 287, 544 283 544 500
xhi
Mustela hodgsoni
———— kathiah strigidorsa
———— subhemachalana temon
Mutilla .
Mycalesis adamsoni
adolphei
anaxlas anaxias
—s-
-— cenate
manili —_—_—_—__—__—_— radza —~———— anaxioides evansii
francisca albofasciata
sanatana
————— fuscum
——-—— gotama charaka
————— heri
——-—— igilia
———— khasia khasia orcha
—-——— lepcha bethami
davisoni
———-— malsara
malsarida ———-—— mamerta annamitica mamerta
mercea mestra mestra
— vetus ——_—_——_—- mineus mineus
nicobarica —_—_—_—_—_———polydecta ———-— misenus —-_——-— mnasicles perna mystes.. nicotia ———— oculus.. ———-— oroatis surka
orseis nautilus
— patnia Junonia patnia
————____
kohimensis ..
INDEX OF SPECIES,
NuMBER.
.. 414 225, 414 428 414 428 568 526 529 526 526 526 526 527 528 527 527 527 527 529 528 528 528 530 530 530 530
GO
Or Or Or Cl bo bo bo bo mo ©
Or bo ie.)
Mycalesis perseoides perseus blasius typhlus —_———- rama suavolens subdita visala andamana isala
—_—_—_—— —--— neovisala Mycerobas melanoxanthus Mycteria asiatica | Myiophoneus temmincki Myotis formosus
——— muricola
———- nipalensis
——— siligorensis
Naia tripudians .. Nannophya pygmea Nasictis everetti Natrix leonardi sp. nov. Nectogale sikhimensis Nemhoroedus goral hodgsoni ee abLensis Nephila maculata Nesocia nemorivaga Netta rufina Nettion albigulare
crecca crecca .. formosum Nettopus coromandelianus Neurobasis chinensis Neurothemis fluctuans .. ——_—_—___——_ fulvia
— intermedia degener —— intermedia
—_—_—__—__—_——. terminata tullia feralis tullia tullia
Nucifraga caryocatactes hemispila.
hemispila
— multipunctata Nyctalus labiatus
NuMBER,
.» 528 ooo BQd- eo 527 528
529
. §28 528
528
528
150
13
130, 468
55 55, 139 55
55
55, 139 165, 516 .. 508 164, 494 223, 407
INDEX OF SPECIES, ; xliit
NuMBER. NUMBER. Nycticebus coucang.. oe .. 222) Orthetrum cancellatum aA aye 53 Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax .. 15 chrysis a es sis 53 Nyroca ferina ferina .. 35 os 21 | -_——-_——— chrysostigma luzonicum .. 53 — fuligula ¥s is Pe 21 | ————_——- glaucum .. an es 53 ——— marila marila .. via Sap 21 | —————-— japonicum internum a 53. —— rufa baeri 55 es BF 21 ,——--——— pruinosum .. ost ee 53 a rufa 6 oe a 2) |}——_————- neglectum .. 138 — sabina ov ee i 53 toeniolatum srs 53, 138 Oceanites oceanicus oceanicus .. 2 {i testaceum .. an sis 53 Ochotona curzoniz ss bs .. 428|—————— triangulare rar oS 53 Ochotona roylei nipalensis a .. 424] Orthotomus sutorius.. 7 aq, ANZ —wardi .. 7 .. 424| Otocompsa emeira oy be -. 109 Odina wodier .. os 3 .. 203| Otocorys alpestris Si a .. 560 Oecophylla smaragdina .. a .. 362|—— alpinus ie at .. 560 Oligocon herberti ‘ a .. 467|————— alpestris longirostris .. 560 Onyvchogomphus anularis és 66, 333 | —-———— longirostris_ .. — -- 560 aureus oe 66, 333 —- wellsi .. es "3 .. 560 —_____—__——_ bistrigatus .. 66. 333 | Otogyps calvus .. = ere fe. 200 ————— cerastes are 65, 333 | Ovis ammon hodgsoni .. a .. 425 — circularis .. 65, 333|—-— burrhel .. es oe we © ADD —_—_—_—_—————. echinoccipitalis 65, 353). Bahoor - a Me ». 425 — -- frontalis Me 65, 333 |—— nahura he 3 - .. 425 lindgreni 58 65, 333 | ——- nayaur ra .. 425 —_—_—__—_-———— lineatus .. 65, 142, 333! Oxyura leucocephala .. as 284, 563 —_—_——__-——— M-flavum .. 66, 33: ——_—_—_——--—— maclachlani .. 65, 333 ——_—————— modestus. .. 65, 333 | Pachyura sp. As os 7 90, 409 —__—_____—__—-— saundersi .. 65, 333| Paguma grayi_.. - ai 224, 412 ss Sin ar. - 65, 333 | Paleornis schisticeps .. ar .. 501 Onychothemis culminicola culniinicola. 54| Palceothemis tillyardi .. aus be 51 —— tonkinensis tonkinensis 54 | Palpopleura sex-maculata a 51, 138 Ophiogomphus reductus bi 62. 330] Palumbus casiotis a ate fo) 295 Ophiops jerdoni se a .. 125] Pantala flavescens see i 57, 140 Oreicola ferrea. . 5 Os ». 498] Papilio adamsoni 2% ae -- 385 Oreocincta nilgiriensis .. a .. 565/——— aéacus .. ‘it % Pre Sie: Orinoma damaris Me ss .. 537|/———— alexanor .. os sil a4. @238 Oriolus kundoo .. ae, ole 339, 497 | -—— antiphates 2 ad .. 384 melanocephalus as -. 339|——-— arcturusarius .. =i Sou eels Orogomphus atkinsoni .. 38, 44, 59, 328: ——— aristolochie .. = 173, 285 — speciosus 38, 46, 59, 328 .———— bianor gladiator.. Ae se) 6236 — xanthoptera ». 46, 59, 328 ———— bootes bootes .. a we 6200. Orolestes selysi .. ri es .. 480, ——— —-—janaka .. . -. 235 Orthetrum anceps a ae os 53 |———- ———- mixta... o% m9 Deo brunneum .. as i 53 | buddha 236
xliv
Papilio castor castor mehala —— polias
cerberus .. chaon chaon
ducenarius crino Vv. montanus demoleus. . -demoleus —— malayanus demolion demolion liomedon
dravidarum elephenor elephenor —-— schanus ——-— fuscus andamanicus helenus daksha .. ———-— helenus —-—--—- mooreanus hipponous pitmani iswara
krishna
machaon asiatica
SETTLE
|
|
sikkimensis
——
verityi mahadeva mayo menon agenor aleanor v. butlerianus noblei palinurus
Ltt |
paris ———- —-— paris —tamilana ..
philoxenus polyctor ganesa
— polyctor significans
- polymnestor parinda --— polymnestor polytes nikobarus
- romulus..
v. ladakensis ..
INDEX OF SFECIES.
NuMBER.
237 237 237 384
237 |
237 236 384 238 238 238
ei) aoe 384,
Papilio polytes v. cyrus...
v. stichioides v. stichius ——_——- protenor euprotenor protenor ——— rhetenor ..
-— v. leococelis - sarpedon ——-—- xuthus .. Paradoxurus crossi
hermaphroditus ..
——- hirsutus .. ——___————. niger <i a Epes — —- strictus Parechinus amir ———_——— blanfordi Paranticopsis macareus gyndes indicus — — lioneli —— megarus megarus similis .. Parage eversmanni cashmirensis ——-— masoni ——-—- menava .. ——— merula .. ———-- moorei ——— satricus schahra
Paranticopsis macareus parakensis xenocles kephisos phrontis —_______—- ——--— xenocles Paraperiscyphis ..
Parascaptor leucurus
Parasula dactylatra personata .. Pareluma Gen. nov.
minuta sp. n.
Pareronia avata paravator —-—— aviatar avatar
— ceylanica ceylanica —___—_-— ———— naraka ———-— valerica v. philomela
— valeria hippia
NUMBER.
238
56 97 95, 97, 98 260 260 260 260 260 260
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Parnassius acco acco.Olwt ss - gemmifer charltonius gh —_———— delphius atkinsoni —-_—_—____—__—____—- chitralica ——— hunza kaftir — lampidius —_—_______—_—-— latonius .. nicevillei stoliczana
——_——-—. discobolus : epaphus epaphus .. sikkimensis
hardwickei hardwickei
— Viridicans hannyngtoni imperator augustus
jacquemontii Jacquemontii
simo acconus
simo Parthenos gambrisius Parus monticola Passer cinnamomeus Pathysa agetes agetes ——_————- iponus
anticrates anticrates
hermocrates antiphates ceylonicus
epaminondas
naira
pompileus eurous cashmirensis ..
sikkimica
glycerion
nomius nomius
a swinhcei Pelecanus crispus Be - onocrotalus onocrotalus
_ roseus philippensis
——_—— plotus..
——-—-sinensis
— chitralensis
NuMBER,
245
Pellorneum ruficeps. ..
245 Perdicula argoondah .. 245 | ———-—— argundah ee 244 asiatica argoondah .. 244 | ——___— — asiatica 56 244 | ———--— cambaiensis 244 cambayensis . 244 rubicola, 244 rubicolor 244 | Perdix asiatica.. 244 | ——_—— cambayensis 243 | - chinensis 243 hodgsoniz 243 | Perizeschna magdalene .. 243 | Pericrocotus brevirostris 243 peregrinus 245 | Periscyphis tamei sp. n. 244 | Perissogomphus stevensi 243 | Petaurista albiventer 243 caniceps 245 nobilis 245 | ———_-——— philippensis 382 —— yunnanensis 494 | Petrophila cinclorhyncha 499 | Phethon indictis ave 239 lepturus lepturus 230 | — rubricauda rubricauda 239 | Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis 239 fuscicollis 240 —— javanicus p 240 | Phasianus humiz burmanicus .. 240 | Philoganga montana 240 | Philoscia elongata 239 | Phoenicopterus minor : 239 | ——___—.— ruber antiquorum 239 | Phyllorhina amboinensis 239 | —____——. micropus 239 | Phylloscopus affinis
9 —-— humii
9 —— proregulus
9 | —_—__——- tytleri
§| Pica pica bottanensis
10 | Pieris brassicz
10 callidice kalora
xlv
NUMBER:
292 dll 315 <2 315 309, 310 dl dll
e 1 67
497
-. dsa7 93, 95, 96 61, 329 418
418
418
554
226
499
1}
1]
1]
10
10
xvi
Pieris canidia canidia .. canis Ae chloridice ..
daplidice moorei .. deota, Se os ——— dubernardi chumbiensis
——— glauconome ——— krueperi devta ——— maganum .. napi ajaka.. montana
rape Pinus merkusii Prioneris clemanthe —— sita ——_—— thestylis Pipistrellus babu ———-— coromandra
mimus Piscatrix sula rubripes . Pitheciis argentatus — brama.. durga .. hypoleucus johni pileatus -— pileatus
INDEX OF SPECIES.
NUMBER,
249 249 248 248 249 248 248 249 249 249 249
a SAO 223, 407 10
oe RO . 79, 82
. 79, 82
552
va 152 . 77, 82
74, 222
-— saturatus sub-sp n. 79,81,222
schistaceus ~ shortridgei
Plagiopholis blakewayi .. Platalea leucorodia major Platygomphus dolobratus —_—_—_— fez martini Platyplectrurus madurensis — sanguineus triliniatus Platylestes platystyla Plectrurus aureus davisoni
guentheri oe
perroteti
ee
.. 404 so #05782
—_——~—_-——- tenebricus sub-sp. n. 79, 81
467
56 12 62, 143, 330 62, 330 62, 330 360, 396 360
360
480
360
399
359 359
Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus -. .
Plecotus homochrous Podiceps cristatus cristatus — negricollis negricollis
Poéphagus grunniens Polionetta haringtoni Polyplectron chinquis Polyrachis spinigera Ponera ES Porcellio blattarius
calmani sp. n. + OVAINSINS Deum ——-—— levis
lenta
Porcellionides litoralis
pruinosus
- swammerdami uniformis Potamarcha obscura Pratincola maura
Prinia inornata ———-socialis Prionodon pardicolor Procellaria capensis
oceanica : Psammodynastes pulverulentus Psammophis schokari — leithii Psaroglossa spiloptera Pseudagrion bengalense decorum hvpermelas —_—_—+_——— laidlawi microcephalum rubriceps .. spencei Pseudocerastes bicornis Pseudois nahoor
Pseudopheea, brunnea
dispar
Seance aa etheli ee ee
ruficollis albipennis .
rufobrunneus sp. n. ..
———— carissima .. a
NUMBER,
12
428
22
22
22
424
20
278
568
.. 568 95, 98, 99 94, 95, 101 95, 100 95, 101 95, 101 95, 103 95, 105 95, 106 95, 105 95, 106 56, 138 295 115 114 411
11
il
.. | 468 118, 129 118, 129 290
144
144
144
144
144
145 naa 127, 130 425 aaa AE ee tee iS
INDEX OF SPECIES.
xlvi
NUMBER’: NUMBER,
Pseudopheea fraseri .. Sie 477 | Rattus decumanus os es 420 ochracea 477 edwardsi -. 227
splendens .. 477 | — fulvescens 91, 227, 421 Pseudoplectrurus canaricus”.. 2. 309 manipulus + 228 Pseudotantalus leucocephalus 56] mentosus ote 2 --— leucocep- ——— nitidus 91, 42]
halus me 13 niveiventer 421
Pseudotramea prateri 57 norvegicus 5¢ 420 Pseudoxenodon angusticeps 466 | —-—— rattoides a 421 Pterocarpus marsupuim 191 | ——— rattus arboreus .. 420 Pterocles arenarius 278 —- brunneus.. 420 Pteroclurus alchata 285 ——— brunneusculus 420 Pteromys alboniger 418 | ——_______ _-— 42] caniceps . : 413 | —_—_-—__—_ rufescens 421
——-—-— (Hylopetes) ciponige! 418 | —~-——__—- sikkimensis 227 — senex .. 418 | ______-—_ tistx 227 yunnanensis .. 226; tistes 9}
Pteropus giganteus giganteus .. 154 vicerex ow - 424 —-— leucocephalus 404 | Ratufa gigantea .. . 85, 226
- pyrivorus oe -. 404 —_—— gigantea 418 Pteruthius xanthochloris einenoonione 5087 | ——-— — lutrina 86 Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus _... lS stigmosa sub-sp, n. 86 persicus ; ee 1] indica maxima .. 554 Putorius erminea 277 melanopepla 86 Pycnorhamphus ieterioides .. 499|———- pheopepla 85 Pyrrhocorax graculus 168, 517 | Regulus cristatus : 495 — pyrrhocorax 167, 517 — regulus himalayensis .. 508 Pyrrhospiza punicia 499 | Rhabdophis subminiatus 466 Pyrrhula nipalensis nipalensis .. 509 | Rhinoceros asiaticus 428 Python molurus .. 352, 566 | — indicus 427 reticulatus ss 353 | -————— stenocephalus 428 unicornis 427
Rhinocypha beesoni 479
Querquedula querquedula re . 20 | - bifasciata .. 478 — hbifenestrata 478
—biforate .. as 479
Radena similis .. e AS; 385 | ______—— bisignata .. 478 Rana cyanophlyctis 131 cuneata 478 hexadactyla 5F ae (5) |) eee ignipennis .. Ne oe 479
—-— limnocharis ne 119, 131, 132 immaculata ae 478 sternosignata ne 119, 131, 132 | —-——_——_— iridea ak . 479 strachani ..119, 131, 185 — perforata perforata .. «479
—— tigrina ag oY .. 119, 13], 132 whiteheadi .. 479 Rattus bowersi .. ee Be eae oad quadrimaculata fenestrella 478
xlviii
Rhinocypha quadrimaculata hemihya-
— quadrimaculata spuria trifasciata trimaculata unimaculata
lina
Rhinolophus aftinis himalayanus
—_—_—_—-— macrotis ——_——-— pearsoni ——-—-—__ perniger
TOUX] LOUXI.. — subbadius .. Rhinophis blythi drummondhayi fergusonianus
- oxyrhynchus
———~—— planiceps —_————— porrectus ———-——. punclatus —_—_—-——— sanguineus travancoricus trevelyanus .. Rousettus leschenaulti Rucervus duvauceli schomburghi .. Rusa heterocerus ——— jaraya —~—— nepalensis
——— unicolor
Ruticilla frontalis Rhipidura albifrontata .. Rhizomys pruinosus Rhodischnura nursei Rhodonessa caryophyllacea Rhodothemis rufa Rhyacornis fuliginosus .. Rhyothemis obsolescens ——_——— phyllis phyllis —————— plutonia triangularia variegate ..
beddomei sobrinus —_—_——-— ferrum equinum tragatus 223,
427, 554
478 478 478 478 479 479 405 154 405 405 405 405 154 -- 406 359, 856
356
355,
355 404 | 427 169 | —
497 427 |
498 344
228
145
17 54, 138 498
55
55
56 eo 53, 139
NuMBER. |
: |
| |
= :
INDEX OF SPECIES.
Sarcidiornis melanota Scheeniparus rufonuchalis Sciurus blythi ee OCIIG ca ———— locroides macruroides .. Scolopax rusticola Selenarctos thibetanus Selysiothemis nigra Semnopithecus pileatus Silybura arcticeps beddomei brevis broughami dindigalensis. . ellioti — grandis liura —_———. macrolepis ————- macrorhynchus
—
———— maculata
————- madurensis — melanogaster .. myhendree nigra
—_——-— nitida .. ——-—— pulneyensis rubrolineata ..
—— rubromaculata Simotes arnensis
Sitta castaneiventris ——- kashmiriensis leucopsis
Soriculus caudatus ——-—— leucops
-—_——— nigrescens centralis Spatula clypeata
Stachyris nigriceps coltarti Sterculia urens .. oe Sturnia malabarica.. Sturnopastor contra Stylogom phus inglisi
Sula leucogaster plotus personata ier
. 318, 380,
NuMBER.
17 266 226 418 418 418 502 417
309, «
21,
INDEX OF SPECIES,
Sus cristatus
Suthora fulvifrons fabian:
———— unicolor
Sympetrum commixtum
- decoloratum fonscolombei
—_————- hypomelas ..
orientale
————— striolatum Sympycna poedisca Synarmadillo
Synchloe ansonia daphnlis belemia
— charlonia lucilla Syrnium biddulphi
Taccocua leschenaulti Tachybaptes albipennis .. Tadorna tadorna Tagiades litigiosa —-——— obscurus
Talpa leucura
micrura
Tamiops macclellandi
— ————— manipurensis Tantalus falcinellus
— leucocephalus
— melanocephalus
Tarbophis rhinopoma
Tatera ceylonica
indica ..
——-——-~ sherrini
Tectona grandis .. ne
Teinopalpus imperialis imperatrix —————. imperialis
Temenuchus pagodarum
Temnogomphus bivittatus
Tephrodornis pondicerianus
Terias blanda moorei
- silhetana
hecabe fimbriata ae hecabe .. ———--—— nicobariensis ——— simulata Se
xlix
NUMBER. NUMBER,
427, 554! Terias leta 256
507 libythea .. 255
507, 509 sariandamana .. 256
54 andersoni 256
54 rotundalis .. 256
54 | ——-—— tilaha 256
54 venata sikkima .. 256
54 | ——-— venata -.. 256
54 | Terminalia belerica 203
481 | ——-—-—— chebula oe 203
97 | ——-——-— tomentosa .. 19]
248 | Terpsiphone paradisi 343
248 ' Testudo hardwickii 120
248 | __—— horsfieldi 120
501 | Tetraceros quadricornis 425
Tetrao chinensis .. : és 1
| Tetraogallus himalayensis 278, 502
299 | Tetrathemis aurea 51
22 | —__———— platyptera 51
19 —yerburyi .. 51
445 | Thalassidroma melanogaster li
452 | Tharrhaleus jerdoni .. 499
223 | Thecagaster brevistigma . 40, 45
90, 409, 509 | Tholymis tillarga.. 54, 140 428 | Threskiornis melanocephalus ene
227| cephalus 12
12 | Thriponax hodgsoni 294, 561
13 | Tinnunculus alaudarius . . 501
12 | Tomeutes blythi .. nee ael2o
127, 129 —-—— lokroides 90, 419
214| Tragopan melanocephalus 278
419! Tragulus meminna 554
118 — ravus lampensis 85.
191 ; ————————_- mergatus sub-sp. n 85.
242 | Tramea basilaris burmeisteri 57, 140
242 limbata 57
-. 9341 | Trirhinopholis nuchalis .. 466.
. 64, 332 | Trithemis aurora 56:
336 — ——— aurora 139
256 festiva 56
256 | Trionyx gangeticus Ay. a 120:
256.| Trithemis kirbyi .. mie es 56.
256 | ——-——- pallidinervis .. ve 56, 139:
-- 256! Trochalopterum affinis affinis .. -. 507
~- 256 a. a lineatum o» 494
1 NUMBER.
Trochalapterum simile 4.94. Troides amphrysus ruficolus 231 —— darsius v. cambyses 231 ———w— helena cerberus 231 — heliconoides 231 ———— minos 231 —— #acus ae 231 Troglodytes nipalensis nipalensis 508 Tropicoperdix chloropus 279 Tupaia balangeri assamensis 223 brunetta sub-sp.n... % 84 chinensis 428 clarissa 84 -—— lepcha 90 a tenasters 84 ————-~ longicauda 555 — nicobarica 555 eae ——-— surda 555 Turdus viscivorus 499 Turtur ferrago ... 501 Typhlops acutus 351 andamanensis 348 — beddomei Ve Le —___——- bothriorhynchus 350, 351 ——-——- braminus .. 5 349 diardi .. 351 diversiceps 349 fletcheri 349 jerdoni 349 leucomelas 350 mn bricki 349 mackinnoni 348 -mirus .. 348 oatesi 350 — oligolepis ae 347 porrectus 348 psammophilus 349 ———--— tenuicollis 350 ——_—— tephrosome 351 - theobaldianus 350 thurstoni ~--349
————._ venningi
INDEX OF SPECIES.
NUMBER.
Urocissa erythrorhyncha occipitalis 164 —- -— flavirostris 514 —--—_—_—_—__—_ cucullata 163 Uromastix hardwickii 118, 124, 135 Uropeltis grandis “2, 1 Boe Urothemis signata signata 53, 149 Ursus arctus 417 gedrosianus oe ALG
—— isabellinus 322, 417 —— thibetanus oa —— torquatus .. 225, 417 Vandeleuria dumeticola. . 422 Varanus bengalensis 124 griseus 124
——_ gp. : : 303 Vespertilio darjelingensis 408 formosus 407
—— —— mystacinus 408 —_— nipalensis 408 pallidiventris .. 408 siligorensis 408
—— subbadia 406 Vestalis amoena .. 476 — apicalis 476
— gracilis 476 -— smaragdina -. 476 Vipera lebetina 118, 130 russelli Je Oo Viverra civettina. . 553 civettoides 41] melanurus : 41]
zibetha .. 169, 224, 411 Viverricula malaccensis 224, 471 Vulpes bengalensis 413 ferrilatus 428
——— montana .. 413 Xenopeltis unicolor 36] Xenorhynchus asiaticus asiaticus .. 13 ee 3898
Xylophis perroteti
INDEX OF SPECIES. li
NUMBER. NUMBER,
Yuhina gularis gularis .. a -- 507 | Zetides bathveles chiron fe oe 2a -—-— occipitalis occipitalis .. a8) OU) -——- = cloanthus 1 ‘:, .. 240 ——— doson axion ae oe .. 240
—— doson ss aid -- 240
——- - eleius Fe As .. 240
‘Zamenis diadema ae a .. 129|——-— eremon albociliatis ae so) (246 -—-——- mucosus.. ae ka 118, 128 |; ———- ——-— orthia .. a .. ~240 — rhodorachis var. ladacensis .. 118 |————- eurypylus cheronus ie er ——— ventrimaculatus ae 118, 128 ; ———- — macronius.. .. 241 ‘Zeltus etolus ate se By .. 173 |——— sarpedon sarpedon re te MAY ‘Zetides agammemnon agammemnon .. 24] | ——-—-—-———teredon os .. 240 — — andamana .. 241] Zizyphus xylopyra oe! os sic | 1208 ———_-_—_—_—_—-— decoratus »- 241} Zosterops palpebrosa.. we os | EOF —— menides .. 241 | Zygonyx iris Bd ais oe ite 55
=———arycles .. us »» «6 24] | Zyxomma petiolatum .. ait 54, 140
"NVISTUIZVM HIOOS HO dV
NVHY lvws; viag : IHSV IN
HOW IMACVWHY
NIVY TA_SIAUN/
390lu8 ANVy
rs
WZVLUNN > ake Se
: BEY a ie Luv bor eea, ‘ sa) ASSN AVSSUP TEES 3 ey Sp = \ LBYINUM 5 Yh > A Ca (14 0006)’ .= NIVId VWNVM —
Vly, = a
SUL yy gl it Wy
RSLS 8 EN QRS
ips
\
foyedt
C0 CID Narn?
ae: Se Sees is S San ays @ ° oy aN = LIS N “wN 99101 f
wl oe e ned AVHO wd NIWOW ¢
NVLS/&2/ZVYMN .«
a ee) Oe
t
’ !
"S2|IW 91 OY SQUPU] PIO 1 40 QOQO0EN aqyx¢ 7 e
oct oO 4 ot
"dew "20S °}SIH '37UN Avquiog “usanor
.
3omBAY Natura History Socrery,
EDITED BY |
R. A. SPENCE, WLL.A. F.Z.S., 8. C. ELLISON, C.M.Z.S., : -and S. H. PRATER, GC.M.Z.S. _
a
tate Ay
Date of Publication, 20th April 1923. —
Price to Non-Members = ad BB y 15-0-Gae — | or£ 1-0-0
LONDON AGENTS: ee DULAU & Co., Ltd., _ 84-36, Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, W. SS 4 Pe f ¥ : i ® € s : * PRINTED AT THE TIMES PRESS, BOMBAY. _
CONTENTS OF Vol. XXIX, No. 1.
PaGeE
‘Tue Game Brrps or Inpia, BurMA AND CEYLON. Part XXXIV (Excalfactoria chi- nensis) (With a plate.) By E.C. Stuart Baker, F.L.s., F.Z.8., M.B.0.U., C.F.A.0.U.
Brrps oF THE INDIAN Empire. Part VIII. By E. C. Stuart Baker, rus., F.Z.S.5 » M.B:0.U., ‘C.F.A.0.U,
eoceaoeeoeeeeeeveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeese eee eeeeeeseeeveeeseee
GaME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR AND ADJACENT Hitt PROvINcES. Part Vv. (Witha plate) BysLt.-Col, A? BE. Wards222 sas 10. esa eve ote nse ee ee Soe, fa
Inpran DraconFuizs. Part XV. (With 6 Text figures). By Major F. C. Fraser, TMS. Fas. so Os. ee ee ES ete A Re ee Riga oe Hee ea ee
DRAGONFLY COLLECTING IN InpiA. Part II (With 2 Text figures). By Major F. C. Hrasers 1. MiSs #aS. o6 aa o ose veo Fak She os EOE ae em ne as ee eee
Tun SNARE OF THE Grant Woop Sriper. Patt IV. (With a plate and a text figure), By Capt:-R. -W..°G. Himpston, 4.968. iS. i. eee Ga a oe ee ee
Screntiric ReEsutts FRoM Mammat Survey. No. XXXVI. By Martin A. C. Hin-
ee @ eee eeeeeeeeeereereeeeeer eee eee oeee eee ereeseeweoe see eee se ec eee sxseeecrces eve ne
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS FROM THE Mamma Survey. No. XXXVII. By Oldfield Tho- WAG, FBP dees oie sie ee + Ww so Rese Sie ole lala Wie se en Stee ae ae at eee ga ee eee
Screntiric Resvtts FRoM THE Maman Survey. No. XXXVIII. By Oldfield THOMASH ERS. 5.34.0 24a PRO ee ier Ee rer re rer ee ees
Screntiric RESULTS FROM THE Mamma. Survey. No. XXXIX. By Oldfield Tho- MAS, HBSS» S0.0's salve Wea See See ek ee eee eae Be SpdIGE vo ere ik ST
Screntiric Resuurs From THE Mammat Survey. No. XL. By Oldfield Thomas, HERS. Soe ek Ae ae ee eee cite esas SPSS in ec Loe cee Oa ewe ee
Sorentiric RESULTS FROM THE Mamma Survey. No. XLI. By Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S.
eoctesneveeoeeeeeoeveeee eee eeeeeseseeeee severe vreeeeseveeeees eevee eeeeeevesre eee
A CoLLECTION OF MAMMALS MADE BY H. STEVENS IN THE DARJEELING District. By T. B. Fry
Ce Se vr er
Tur TERRESTRIAL ISOPODA OF MESOPOTAMIA AND THE SURROUNDING DISTRICTS. (With 6 plates and 2 teat figures). By Joseph Omer-Cooper, F.L.S...........--
A DESCRIPTION OF THE NESTS AND EGGS OF THE COMMON BIRDS OCCURRING IN THE PLAINS OF THE UNITED Provinces. Part Il. (With 2 plates). By E. H. N. Gill
Notzes on A COLLECTION OF REPTILIA FROM WAZIRISTAN AND THE ADJOINING POR- TION OF THE N.W. Frontier Province. (With 4 photos and a map). By Capt. C. M. Ingoldby, R.4.M.c., F.Z.S., F.R.G,S,, and Miss Joan B. Procter, F.z.S.
&
: Re eee a cd a. " i we « ow Bs his cid eek al 5 i tn pach a a rina a eo pen eR 2 iy ESA A IS
1 > 9 23. 36 wy 48 f 70 | 3 % 84 84 . 85 87 4 so. @ 90 93 107 117
CONTENTS OF Vol. XXIX, No. 1.—(contd.)
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF BATRACHIA FROM 8S. WAZIRISTAN. (With 2 text figures). By CREVSEN UR nIR EVA Oct Aiorci 2) sero e's ta" (6) alle avers Shale) oka) abalida Side eve d slacciSelelelg oereie ee
THe Fauna or THE Darpyanca Districr, Norte Broar. By C.M. Inglis, F.z.s.,
FOLIA ESL ie TM EST CO) AP Ls apna MO 2 AR A VOC Re Fuicut oF Mieratine Birps. By C.H. Donald, F.z.s., M.B.o.v.
eooeeeeveere eevee ee @ eee
A Nore ON THE SPOfTeD-WINGED GRosBEAK (Mycerobas melanoxanthus). By ugh Whistler; ¥2.8:, B1-B.0.0. <0 6.36 eles 6 5: iene Systane teuee eater bs acai. ceies de sere Mere
FurtHeR Nores ON soME CreyLon Bats. (With 2 plates). By W.W.A. Phillips ..
A Note oN THE CORVIDZ oF THE PuNJaB. By Hugh Whistler, F.z.s., M.B.0.U.,
A JOURNEY TO S1aM AND Bacx. (With 3 plates). By Major C.H. Stockley, p.s.o. ..
H.R.H. Tue Prince of WaAtszs’ SHoots IN Inpia in 1921-22. Part III. (With 7 plates and a map and 4 diagrams). By Bernard C. Ellison, C.M.z.s. ...... Bilt
THE MEASUREMENT AND PHOTOGRAPHY OF SPECIMENS OF Bia Game. (With three OL AteS) Gin ye Nia (Ot @ bls LOCI Oy. LD SOs: seis crm sat eherens sielacele rat ecal s\evele’ait seals. «sec eieseieee
Some Norss oN THE HABITS OF THE CEYLON GERBIL. (With a plate). By W.W.A. AEN cnmmye artes neers y ees chara iayo tahas ereicrat W-ctchl/ ctduletiat: act cet sumac ey lu/ale arat d'du'vbaue buch Sialeue
Deer HuntTING IN SHAKESPEARE’S Day. By Lt.-Col. C.E. Luard, 0.1.8., 14. ......
Bompay Naturat History Soctety’s Mammat Survey or Inp1a, Burma anv Cry-
LON. (Report No. 36, Naga Hills) By J.P. Mills, 0.8. ........ccccececeeeee Tue IDENTIFICATION OF INDIAN BuTTERFLIES. (With nine black and white plates). yalute@ols Wiel. Hivatiss: 0,910, BiB, WsZsSe. BLING, a/<) 0.2% oe! 5; c/s: ms o:aieiei sive: cye/e oO ole. Hare Reviews. Fauna oF BritisH Inpia, Brrps. Vol. 1 (2nd Edition) ...... a ool etee aoekens Tur PRESERVATION OF SHIKAR TROPHIES ..... Ae Se Pee ae re eras Serrgany. (Da. HENRY NEVILLE COLTART: (060. c. ie a cietgecnne edd ccdccccesaees PRRs Wemiinn Wyss Sects Re Sota steilols lots’ ci slevelavaials cars 2Se.cyl a teratelereue nay er scerh: olcieabd oo ae
INE WASURER S VMPORT. 2.60.0 ncn oie c/nelenietielesie ses ei 0'ds : us) th siete eaten AM wen Geko aee
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES :— I. Some Natural History Notes connected with the Prince of Wales’
Tour in India. By B.C. Ellison ........ he ie portie adh hel syoceyecsuame oie II Onthe Rann of Cutch. (With two plates), By Major A.H. Mosse, 1.4 ° III. Some notes on the Common Indian Otter. By C. McCann. ........ : Ve iger climbing!a trees, By GsHUR. Cooper) ....0. ec eidie's nc ieee see vi
V. Supposed occurrence of the Ermine in India. By B.B. Osmaston,
VI. The occurrence of the Mallard in Rajputana. By R.H. Stables ....
PaGE,
179
209
214 217
221
230- 261 265 266 267 269
271 274. 275. 276.
277 277
al
CONTENTS OF Vol. XXIX, No. 1.—(contd.)
Paaes.
VII. Some notes on Indian Game Birds. By Major C.H. Stockley, p.s.0o...
VIII. Notes on the migration of Duck and Teal. By Major C.H. Stockley, DESO... Siete: setehe, isis; ereliaiet one hoketsits’ celle eieole ice ciecs ation cic Meneeod erect cna aaa
IX. Notes on the habits of a young Hornbill. By B.C. Ellison, c.m.z.s.,
BBG Se ido aioe sore toisto 2 ctoiletage “aiaravelelehets ic shea o's kek ee ear ae X. On the breeding of certain Wagtails. By Hugh Whistler, F.z.s....... XI. On the habits of The White Headed Duck (Ozyura leucocephaala). ‘By ‘B.C. Bolster; 1:0:8;). 2 oe Soak eae See oe eae XII. An Albino Shoveller (Spatula clypeata). By R.C. Bolster, t.c.s....... XIII. Distribution of the Large Pintailed Sandgrouse (Pteroclurus alchata) By B:C...Bolsters 1. C28. >. ite. !sc 1. eek eee ee). eee eee XIV. Nightjars of the Simla Hills. By A.E, Jones ................0000 XV. Appearance of the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) near Poona. By Major W.B. Trevemen iii. ss aneisiein vs otis ee epee Ole ee Cee Ee ee ee ee XVI. A note on the migration of the Eastern Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea melanope.) By Hugh Whistler; @.z:8..c¢7n 7- eee c ee eee XVII. The Roosting flight of crows. By Coil. ALH. Cunningham........... XVIII. The Homing flight of the Common House Crow (Corvus splendens). By Col. Wallsmimisicn <2 cic. eect am erieieits ects eee ne eee XIX. The Spotted-Wing Starling (Psargolossa spilotera). By Hugh Whist- TOM y HZ Siic ig stele. Siols@easohelule sielerede. cattorste vere iste ition terse Sie ees ee ee XX. A note on the Eastern Red-legged Falcon (Hrythropus amurensis). By. PB Wickham) c8s.08 a ccle semreraniste sects eee rence ee ee ee XXI. Note on the nesting habits of the Spotted Babbler (Pellorneum ruficeps) By.C. Bs Beadnell fcc iecyccu ce ieeriets- eee sick ete i ine ons over aston XXTI.—List of Smali Game shot in Mhow during 1921 and 22. By Major B.C. Da, Grieves Peale a celts ies o's eerie eines siete hee gee ee eee XXITII.—Further notes on the Avifauna of the Nelliampathy Hills. By A.P. Kinloch 812 :8i5 MiB! O. Uti sice oielole aisieale eeiina Gee ne tie eee XXIV.—The Great: Indian Hornbili (D bieornis). By A.P. Kinloch, F.¥.z.s., MOB OSU Ya tle ieleass eis ie olele wivleleiclele!s) leis) olelele cveleisiel= icici clsleieiclohstcloleieteletelele XXV.—Nidification of the Black Vulture or Indian King Vulture (Otogyps calvus).: By HW. Waiter i. 5 35.0.5 =a :0 acl ale Gicteiehe «le ie etoile laliere wieat XX VI.—Breeding of the Eastern Wood Pigeon (Palumbus casiotis) in the Pun- jab. Salt Range. “By H.W. Waite’... <2)<./e/0< cileioerisyoinv cies es erencverste
XXVII.—Late stay of snipe in 1922 in Central India. By Percy Hide........
278 279
280 281
292 292 293 294 294
295
CONTENTS OF Vol. XXIX, No. 1—(contd.) iv PAGE XXVII.—Late stay of snipe in 1922 in Bengal. By T.E.T. Upton .......... 296 XXVIII.—Cruelty to Wild Fowl. By P.M.D. Sanderson ................... 296 XXIX.—Snipe shooting in Sind. By C.B. Rubie .......................0.8. 298 XXX.—Plumage display by the Sirkeer Cuckoo. By E.H. Gill ............. 299 xox ——Notes on turtles. By T.H. Cameron .......c0 cede cevciaceacincsce 299 XXXTII.—Catching crocodiles (With a plate). By J. Monteath, 1.0.8. .......... 300 XX XIII.—Mr. Bhanagay’s Snake Chart. By Col. F. Wall, Lm.s............... 302 XXXIV.—Snakes and Leeches. By Col. F. Wall, 1.M.s. 22.2... cee eee eee eee 302 XXXV.—Cobra going down a hole tailforemost. By Lt.-Col. E.O.’Brien ..... 303 XXX VI.—Notes on a large monitor (Varanus sp.)in Ghazipur. By E.H.GI.. 303 XXXVII.— Observations on the nesting of Humenes conica. By J.L. Khare.... 304 POXEXW ME Drout food in Kashrir casi. co0s yneeie ne odeyd eens veddosgeeenhes es 305 Wlection of new members and contributions ............ cece cee ee cece cece eeeeees 306
BOOKS ON NATURAL HISTORY.
The Society has spare copies ofthe following which the Committee are prepared to sell to members at the very low prices mentioned :—
Books on Birds.
Game Birds of India, Burma & Ceylon, 3 Vols., HUME and MARSHALL, 129 plates,
(1878-1880), Very Rare. Rs. 400. A Manual of the Game Birds of India, Burma & Ceylon, 2 Vols., EUGENE OATES, Rs. 5. Birds of Burma, 2 Vols., including those found in the adjoining State of Karennee, EUGENE OATES (1883). Rare. Rs. 20..
Avifauna of British India, and its Dependencies, 2 Vols.. JAMES A. MurRay. A systematic account with description of all the known species of Birds inhabiting British India, 1888, with woodcuts, lithographs and coloured
illustration. Rs. 10. Handbook io the Birds of the Bombay Fresidency, Lieut. H. EDwIN BARNES, Ist edition (1885). Rs. 2.
Catalogue of the Collection of Birds’ Eggs in the British Museum, 4 Vols., EUGENE OATES, containing particulars and description of the eggs of 620 species. 57 plates in colour (1901). Invaluable to collection. Rs. 75. Handlist of the Genera and Species of Birds, 4 Vols., Vol. V_ wanting (1899-1903), R. BOWLDER SHARPE (British Museum Publication) Rs. 40. Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum Collection.—The following Vols. of this extremely valuable publication are available :— Vol. XVI. Hoopoes, Humming Birds, Swifts, Nightjars, by OSBERT SALVIN and ERNEST HARTERT, 14 plates in colour. Vol. XVII. Rollers, Bee-eaters, King-Fisbers, Hornbills, Trogons, by BOwLDER SHARPE and OGILVIE GRANT, 1892, 17 plates in colour. Vol. XXI, Pigeons (Salvadori), 15 plates in colour, 1893. Vol. XXII. Game Birds, OGILVIE GRANT, 8 plates in colour, 1893. Vol. XXIII. Acquatic Birds (Rails, Crake and Cranes, etc.), BOWLDER SHARPE, 1894, y plates in colours. Voi. XXIV. Wading Birds, 1896, 7 plates in colour. Vol. XXV. Terns, Gulls and Skuas, Petrels and Albatrosses, SAUNDERS and SALwIN, 1896, 8 plates in colour. Vol. XXVI. Ibisis, Spoonbills, Herons and Storks, OGILVIE GRANT, 1898, 26 plates in colour. Price Rs. 10 per Volume. Stray Feathers. A Journal of Ornithology for India and its dependencies. Edited by ALLAN HuME. Vol. 1-10 (1883 & 1887}. Containing series of important papers on Birds. A valuable work of reference to Ornithologists.
Rare. Rs. 100. Books on Mammals.
The Mammals of India. A naturalehistory of allthe animals known to inhabit.
continental India, T. C. JERDON (1874). Rs. 10.
Natural History of Indian Mammalia including Ceylon, ROBERT STERNDALE, 170
illustrations (1884). Rs. 5. General.
Vertebrate Zoology of Sind, Murray. A systematic account with description of Mammals, Birds and Reptilesinhabiting the Province, with woodcuts,
lithographs and coloured illustration (1884). Rs. 5. Indian Insect Pests, H. MAxwELL LEFROY (1906). Re. 1-8. British Museum Catalogue of Lizards, Vols. I, II, 56 plates. Rs. 10.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 21 Bound Vols. ( 1889-1905) with numerous plates in colour and Black and White s. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 5 Vols. (1895-1903). Rs. #0
«
<equiAl Ii : {usu
sMGig:
v4
t SEP 7 1927 %! RN Maton aL A
JOURN. BOMBAY NAT. HIST. SOC.
2oBes
i ef
gS
aia a
Beas eget
THE BLUE-BREASTED QUAIL
inensis.
Excalfactoria c. ch
(4 natural size)
JOURNAL OF EE
Bombay Natural History Society.
Aprit, 1923. Vows Xeelx: Noe
THE GAME BIRDS OF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON. BY PCa saUART DARBR, HiliS:, Y.ZcS.) MB.O.U CLE ALO.
PART XC: (Wath 1 plate.) ( Continued from page 829 of Volume XXVITTI.) EXCALFACTORIA CHINENSIS CHINENSIS. The Indian Blue-breasted Quail.
The Chinese Quail, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. His. v, p. 77, pl. 247, (1758), (Nanquin, China), Lath., Gen. Syn., u, p. 783, (1783), (China and Philippines).
Tetrao chinensis Linn., 8. N., 1, p. 277, (1766), (China).
Perdix chinensis Lath., Ind. Orn., 11, p. 652, (1790).
Coturnix sinensis Bonnat., Tabl. Enclyc. Meth., 1, p. 223, (1791).
Coturnix excalfactoria Temm., Pig. et. Gall. ii, pp. 516, 748, (1815),
Coturnix flavipes Blyth, J. A. 8. B., x1, p. 808, (1842).
Coturnix chinensis Gray, List of Birds, p. 39, pl.in., (1844); Layard, A. M. N. H., (2), xi, 4, p. 107, (1854), (Ceylon) ; Legge, B. of C., ii, p. 755, (1880); Parker, Ibis, 1886, p. 187, (Ceylon).
Coturnix philippensis Hodg., in Gray’s Zool. Misc., p. 85, (1844).
Eacalfactorva chinensis Bonap., Comp. Rend., xlu, p. 81, (1855) ; Jerd., B. of L., iii, p. 591, (1863) ; Swinh., Ibis, 1863, p. 398; id., P. Z.8., 1863, p. 308, (Formosa); Gould, B. of A., vu, pl. vi, (1867); Beavan, Ibis, 1868, p. 386, (Lower Bengal); Swinh., [bis, 1870, p. 360, (Haimaa) ; Holdsw., P. Z. 8., 1872, p. 470, (Ceylon); Hume, Nests and Heggs, p. 553, (1873); Ball, 8S. F., 1, 428, (1874), (Chota Nagpur); Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 26, (S. Ceylon) ; Hume, 8. F., 111, p. 323, (1875), (Pakchan) ; Oates, ibid, p. 343, (Pegu Plains); Blyth and Wald., Cat. Mam. Birds, Burma op, lol, (875), (Arakan): Ball, S.-W. vi, p. 226, (1878)
i
2 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol, XXIX.
(Raipur) ; Hume, ibid, vii, p. 69, (1879), (Malacca); Oates, ibid, p. 167, (Pegu) ; Hume and Marsh., Game B., ii, p. 162, (1879) ; Bidie, S.F., 1x, p. 209,(1818), (Madras); Hume and Inglis, ibid, p. 258,(Cachar); Butler, ibid, p. 423, (Bombay); Reid, ibid, x, p. 63, (1881), (Lucknow); Wendon, ibid, p. 165, (Bombay) ; Oates, ibid, p. 263, (1882), (Pegu ) ; Davison, ibid, p. 412, (1883), (Wynaad, Rampore, Mysore) ; Kelham, Ibis, 1882, p. 3, (Malay States); Oates, B. of B., 11, p. 334, (1883); Muller, J. F. O., 1885, p. 160, (Salanga Is.) ; Hume, S. F., xi, p. 310, (1888), (Assam, etc.); Oates, Hume's Nest and Hggs, ili, p. 448, (1890); Ogilvie- Grant, Cat. B. M., xxi, p. 250, (1893); id, Game-B., i, p. 193, (1895) ; La Touche, Ibis, 1895, pp. 323, 338, (S. Formosa); Rickett and La Touche, Ibis, 1896, p. 493, (Fohkien) ; Blanford, Avifauna B. I. iv, p. 112, (1898) ; Oates, Game-B., i, p. 95, (1898); Seth-Smith, Av. Mag., iv, p. 200, (1898) ; Butler, ibid, p. 211 ; La Touche, Ibis, 1893, p. 283, (N. Formosa) ; Meade-Waldo, Av. Mag., v., p. 1, 1899; Stuart Baker, Jour. B. N. H.S., xu, p. 486, (1899), (N. Cachar) ; Inglis, ibid, xu, p. 677; Butler, ibid, p. 691, (Car Nicobars); Oates, Cat. Eggs, B. M., 1, p. 47, (1901) ; Inglis, Jour. B. N. H. S., xiv, p. 562, (1902), (Behar) ; Seth-Smith, Bull, B. O.C., xiii, p. 72, (1902); Jesse, Ibis, 190, p. 152, (Lucknow) ; Bourdillon, Jour. B. N. H.8., xvi, p. 4, (1904), Travan- core); Henry, Rev. Zool. Fr. d’Om., i, p. 43, (1904) ; Kershaw, Ibis, 1904, p. 244, (China) ; Dewar, Jour. B. N. H. 8., xvi, p. 495, (1905), (Madras) ; Macdonald, ibid, xvii, p. 496, (1906), (Myingyan) ; Ogilvie- Grant and La Touche, Ibis, 1907, p. 276, (Formosa); H. R. Baker, Jour. B.N.H. S., xvii, p. 760, (1907), (Singapore); Stuart Baker, ibid, p. 971, (Khasia Hills) ; Harington, ibid, xx, p. 377, (1910), (Bhamo) ; Hop- wood, ibid, xxi, p. 1215, (1912), (Arakan) ; Hartert, Nov. Zool., xvu, p. 191, (1910), (Hainan) ; Stevens, Jour. B.N.H.S., xxin, p. 723, (1915), (Upper Assam) ; Inglis, etc., ibid, xxvii, p. 153, (1920), (Bengal).
Exalfactoria minima Gould, P. Z. S., 1859, p. 128, (Celebes) ; Gould B. of A.; vii, p. 7., (1867) ; Walden, Trans. L.8., vin, 9. 87, (1872) ; id, ibid., x., p. 224, (1875).
Coturnix cainiana Swinh., Ibis, 1875, pp. 351, 542, (Swalow) ; id., ibid, 1870, p. 360.
Coturnix (Excalfactoria) chinensis Gray, List of Gall. B. M., p. 63, (1867). |
Coturnia (Excalfactoria) minima Gray, ibid, p. 63.
Excalfactoria sinensis Hume and Dav., 8. F. vi, p. 447, (1878), (Packchan) ; Bingham, ibid, ix, p. 196, (1880), (Kaukaryit); Rippon, Ibis, 1901, p. 556, (S. Shan State).
Excalfactoria chinensis chinensis Rob. and Kloss, Jour. Str. As. Soc. No. 80, p. 75, (1919), (N. E. Sumatra ; Gyldenstope, Ibis, 1920, p. 786, (Siam).
Vernacular names.—Khair-butai, Kaneli, (Nepal); Gobal butat, (Oudh); Ngé6n, (Burmese) ; Pandura-watuwa, Wenella-watuwa, (Cingalese) ; Dao- bur magangbt, (Cachari) ; Shorbol, (Manipur).
THE GAME BIRDS OF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON, 3
Description, Adult Male.—Lores, forehead, a broad supercilium and sides of head and neck slaty grey ; centre of crown and nape rufous brown, with broad concentric black bars; back, rump and upper tail- coverts rufous brown,with grey edges and broad black bars; the feathers of the centre of the crown and back have white shait-streaks, broadest in the young, obsolete or absent in very old birds ; tail feathers slaty- blue, edged with chestnut in young birds, almost wholly of this colour in very old individuals ; a line under the lores to the eye white and under this, another from the angle of the mouth to the posterior ear-coverts black; below this again white; wings fulvous brown, much suffused with slaty-blue and more or less marked with bright rich chestnut on the inner secondaries and greater coverts ; below chin and throat black, the black produced in a line upwards, round the white to join the black line above ; foreneck white, edged with black ; upper breast and flanks slaty-blue, this colour often running up and encroach- ing upon the sides of the neck and back ;_ centre of breast, abdomen and under tail-coverts deep chestnut.
The amount of chestnut on the under plumage varies greatly both individually and with age ; in a few old birds it runs right up to the black edge of the foreneck.
Colours of soft parts—tIris bright vermilion-red to deep crimson, rarely a bright vinous pink; bill black, the edge, gape and gonys slaty, the extent of this slate colour varying considerably ; legs and feet bright yellow, the soles paler and claws brownish.
Measurements.—Length about 140 to 155 mm.; wing 65 mm. (Cele- bes) to 78 (Assam) ; average of 70 birds, 70 mm. ; tail about 25 mm.; tarsus 20 to 22 mm.; culmen 10 to 11 mm. Weight 1} to 2 oz.
Birds from the more Northern parts, such as Assam, Northern Burma and China average a trifle larger than those from the extreme South, but the difference is very slight and the extremes are practi- cally the same. Only three specimens, one from Assam, and two from Burma exceed 72 mm.
Adult female——Above, like the male, but without any slaty-blue markings ; the white or buff streaks are more numerous and more pronounced and generally there is less black, though this varies greatly in amount individually ; the slaty-blue on the head is replaced by rufous; the chin and throat are fulvous-white and the rest of the lower plumage pale-buff, the fore-neck, breast and flanks barred with black ; the tail is brown with buff and black markings.
Colours of soft parts.—Iris brown, occasionally reddish in old birds ; bill as in the male but with the slaty colour more extensive ; legs and feet bright yellow.
Measurements—Much the same as the male; wing 66 to 77 mm.,; average. 30 specimens, 71.1 mm. Weight 14 to nearly 24 ozs.
Young Male is like the adult but without any blue or chestnut above and with very broad buff centres to the feathers of the rump
4 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XX1X.
and. upper tail-coverts ; below, the chestnut is confined to the centre of the belly or is absent altogether ; the slaty-blue is duller in tint and becomes brownish on the sides of the head and neck where it is distinctly barred with black.
Lhe young male in first plumage is like the female but paler and more washed out in colour above, and also more rufescent in general appearance. The Iris is brown, glaucus brown or washed-out blue in very young birds; bill dull slate colour; legs wax yellow.
Chick in down.—The whole body and head, above and _ below, brown with the following exceptions which are buff: coronal streak and a streak on either side of the crown ; tips of the wings, sides of the head, chin and throat. The brown of the under parts is rather paler than that above and is somewhat dusty in tint.
Distribution.—The Blue-breasted Quail is a bird of very wide dis- tribution, bemg found from Ceylon to Assam, throughout Burma and the Malay Peninsula, Siam, Cochin China, Yunnan, and West China. The Formosan and Hainan birds are not separable but closely allied races are found through the islands as far as Australia. Within the limits contained in this work its distribution is rather broken but it occurs in suitable localities practically throughout Ceylon, India West of a line drawn from Bombay to Simla, the whole of Burma to the extreme East and South. From many places whence this bird had not previously been recorded, I have had eggs sent me for identification proving its existence. Itis comparatively common as a breeding bird from the South of Travancore, in which district it was obtained by Stewart and Bourdillon, along the Malabar coast to Bombay. It occurs, though possibly much more rarely, in Madras and South East India and becomes more common in North Orissa, Eastern Bengal and Behar and is very common in Assam, Manipur, Arakan, Pegu, and West Burma generally.
Nidificatton.—This pretty little Quail breeds and is resident where- ever found, indulgmg merely in such small migrations as may be locally necessary in search of food or from pressure of rain and drought. Its breeding season varies greatly, but roughly speaking in Ceylon and South India it appears to be February to March; in Northern India and Assam, June to August: from Burma, f have records of nests in January and again May to July, and in the Malay Peninsula in January, February and March. Everywhere, however, the full breeding season extends over a much longer season than the months noted above, and in Assam I have records of odd nests and eggs seen or taken in almost every month of the year.
When breeding, they seem to keep almost entirely to grasslands, or failing these, to low, thin scrub or open bamboo jungle with a little undergrowth. They are equally common in the plains and up to the level of 5,000 feet, beg found at least one thousand feet higher
THE GAME BIRDS OF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON. 5
again than this. I have never seen any semblance of a nest made ; the eggs are just deposited in a hollow scratched amongst the grass roots, or under some bush or bamboo clump, such leaves or scraps of grass as may le in this hollow are merely those which have fallen or been blown there. I have seen freshly scratched nest-holes contain- ing single eggs without a leaf or scrap of grass under them although these lay around in profusion and had indeed been scratched out of the hollow itself prior to the egg being laid. Of course, in time leaves and blades of dried grass fail or get blown back and so the bird has got the credit of placing them there.
The hen bird does al! the sitting as far as I have been able to as- certain, but she is so clever at secretively creeping off the nest when disturbed that one seldom gets a sight of her, the utmost being a mo- mentary glimpse of a little brown back disappearing in the grass. She seems never, however suddenly frightened, to leave her nest by flight, and it is probably for this reason that the eggs have so often been found in places where the bird remains unknown. The chicks when disturbed lie where they are, absolutely still, and they may be picked up limp and feigning death,though the bright little eyes watch- ing you all the time give them away. Directly the mother calls, each little furry lump awakes to life, and in a second or two all have vanished.
The eggs number five to seven, very rarely eight, and rather more often four only. In shape they are broad ovals, generally well point- ed at the smaller end, and sometimes inclining to peg-top shape. The colour varies from a pale olive-clay colour, or nearly olive-yellow, through olive-brown and olive-drab to an almost rich chocolate brown. Many eggs are immaculate, others are sparsely and minutely speckled with black or very dark brown, and a few have these markings more numerous, and perhaps a little larger, as big as a small pin’s head. One very curious clutch in my collection is dull grey apparently stip- pled all over with dull white ; a second clutch laid by the same bird in a nest two or three feet away from the first, has one egg grey, three of a dirty yellow stone-colour and the fifth of a normal pale olive.
The extremes of measurement are: maxima 27°7X18°5 and 25°7 x 20°3 mm.: minima 22°917°3 mm., whilst the average of 100 eggs is 24°5x19°0 mm.
Habits—The Painted Quail is found either in pairs or in small coveys consisting of the two old birds and their last family, and owing to the long breeding season, such coveys may be met with almost all the year round. Hume seems to have considered this Quail to be migratory over most of India whilst Oates records of Pegu.
“The Blue-breasted Quail is distributed during the season over the whole of the Plains of the Pegu Province. About the lst of May immense numbers arrive and spread themselves all
6 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XXIX.
over the country. At first the sexes remain in separate bevies, but by June, the pairing commences. After the breeding sea- son, the majority, if not the whole, of the birds disappear. Some few may remain during the dry weather, but I am not sure oi this. They like luxuriant grass growing in swampy plains, and numbers are flushed on the bunds of the paddy fields when the sportsman is after snipe.”’
In Assam also Hume says they are only monsoon visitors, but this is certainly not the case, and they are to be found throughout the year if one knows where to look for them. There are, however, two essentials for the country they reside in, first, ample water, and second- ly, cover of the sort they prefer, 7.e., thin grass or reeds, sungrass three or four feet high, or fairly thin scrub and bush jungle. If there is heavier forest or jungle close by, so much the better, but they only seek safety in this when in danger. We also found them in Cachar and Sylhet in the dense ekra and elephant grass edges to the end- less swamps in these districts but they came out of the heavy reeds in the mornings and afternoons to feed in the thinner grass alongside them, retiring once more during the heat of the day into their cool shade. In the winter and spring, as these swamps dry up the birds move with them, deserting those which are entirely dry for those in which some water still remains, whilst throughout the year they may be found in the bush or grass cover on the sides of the streams and water courses. Inthe hills where there were but few swamps they were quite content with grasslands through which a stream or two found their way and, in North Cachar, I several times put them out of the dense secondary growth which grows up in deserted cultivation. They were also to be found in standing crops of hill-rice, millet, etce., and in sugarcane.
Whenever I have seen this bird I have always found it extremely shy and difficult to watch, the slightest sound or movement sending it scuttling into cover when one comes on it unawares. Hume, however, writes :
“They come freely into the open when feeding, and in the early mornings may be seen gliding along by the sides of the roads and paths, picking about and scratching here and there ; taking little notice of passengers, and either running on before them if not pressed, or just hiding up in the nearest tuft of grass, to emerge again as soon as the traveller has got ten or fifteen yards beyond their hiding place.”
In Assam and Bengal one might get a rare sight once of a bird under the above circumstance, but never of the same bird twice. Even when one is hunting for them it is almost impossible to put them up again after they have once been flushed ; they run, dodge and hide so cleverly that even a good dog has all his work cut out to make them tise.
THE GAME BIRDS OF INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON, 7
They are quiet little birds, but sometimes when first startled into flight utter a note which Davison syllabifiey as “‘ tir-tir-tir’’, uttered very quickly and sharply. The call of the mother to her young is a very soft repetition of the same note, the call between adults being a rather sweet double whistle sounding like “ ti-yu ti-yu”’.
As to being a game-bird for sport this little Quail cannot lay much pretention. Tt flies extremely well, straight and fast for fifty yards or more, just skimming over the tops of the grass and then suddenly fal- ling headlong into it. It would be a difficult shot but for the fact that once started it usually flies in an absolute bee line until it drops and there are no disconcerting twists and twirls to put one off. In some places they are common enough to furnish half a dozen couple or so to a morning’s work, but they are so hard to flush, even with dogs, and so tiny when killed that I could never help feeling that in shooting them one was more or less “murdering canaries”. Thus though “Painted Quail” on toast are by no means to be despised, they are hardly worth while pursuing for the food they furnish.
They do not seem to be pugilistic birds and there are no native traditions referring to this trait.
Their food consists principally of seeds and grain, but they also eat insects of all the smaller kinds, and feed their young at first entirely on these.
EXCALFACTORIA CHINENSIS TRINKUTENSIS. The Nicobar Blue-breasted Quail.
Excalfactoria trinkutensis Richmond, Pro. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 9, 310, (1903), (Trinkut Island, Nicobars).
Excalfactoria chinensis A. L. Butler, Jour. B. N. H.8., xu, p. 691, (1899), (Car Nicobars).
Vernacular names.—Mul (Car Nicobarese).
Description.—*‘ Nicobarese specimens of this Quail have the back much suffused with the blue-grey of the breast and have the pale shaft stripes on the back entirely or almost entirely wanting.” (A. L. Butler). In addition they seem to be distinctly darker birds.
Colours of soft parts—‘‘ Iris crimson ; legs orange, claws black; bill bluish horny.” (Butler).
Measurements.—Length about 140 mm. ; wing 69°5 mm. ; tail 14°0 mm.; tarsus 13°5 mm.; culmen 10 mm.
Female.—‘‘ Similar to E. chinensis, but general colouration darker and richer, ground colour of feathers of the back, scapulars and sides of the neck, greyish, instead of brown, entire underparts, except throat, barred.” (Richmond).
Colours of soft parts.—‘* Feet yellow’. (Richmond.) “ Iris brownish red ; legs orange ; claws brown, bill dusky bluish.” (Butler).
8 ‘ JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XX1X.
Measurements.—** Wing 65 mm.; tail 22 mm.; tarsus 24°5 mm.; culmen 10 mm.”” (Richmond).
Butler gives the wing of the females as 69°9 mm.
Distribution.—Car Nicobars, and Trinkut Island and Camorta.
Nidification.—Unknown.
Habits —Butler who first drew attention to the differences between this race and that on the mainland found this bird fairly common on one - or two small grassy plains on the Northern island of Car Nicobar, and
Richmond says that it was reported as “common in the open grass lands of Trinkut and Kamorta”’. All that is known of its habits is recorded’ by Butler who writes : ‘* As usual they were very hard to flush in the long grass, and I found the best way to secure specimens was shooting over a rope dragged by two boys.”
(To be continued.)
HAN D-LIST OF THE “BIRDS OF INDIA.”
Bie
i.’ ©. STUART BAKER, F.L.¢., F.Z.8., M.B.0.0., C.F.A.0.U.
2027.
2028.
2029.
2030.
2¢31.
2032.
Parr VU: (Continued from page 873 of Volume XXVIII.) Order STEGANOPODES.
Family PELECANIDA,
(1521) Pelecanus onocrocotalus onocrocotalus. The
White or Roseate Pelican.
Pelecanus onocrocotalus Linn., S. N., i, p. 132 (1758), (Africa). S. Europe, N. Africa and 8. W. Asia. Winter N.
W. India. (1520) Pelecanus onocrocotalus roseus. The Hastern Roseate Pelican. Pelecanus roseus Gmel., S. N., 1, p. 570 (1789),
(Manila). Eastern Asia, Malay Arch. Straggler Burma and
India. (1522) Pelecanus crispus. The Dalmatian Pelican. Pelecanus crispus Briich., Isis., 1832, p. (1109),
(Dalmatia). S. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. Winter to N. W.
India. (1523) Pelecanus philippensis. The Spotted-billed Pe- lican.
Pelecanus philippensis Gmel., S. N., 7, p. 571 (1789), (Philippines) India, Ceylon, Burma and the whole Oriental Region.
Family FREGATIDA,
(1524) Fregata andrewsi. The Xmas Is. Frigate Bird. Fregata andrewsi Mathews, Austral Av. Record, it, p. 110 (1914), (Xmas Is. Indian Ocean). Rare visitor to coasts of India. (1025, Fregata minor aldabrensis. The Western Lesser Frigate Bird. Fregata minor aldabrensis Mathews, loc. cit. ». 119%
(Aldadra) Casual ir Ceylon
10 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXIX.
2033. Fregata ariel iredalei. TIredale’s Frigate Bird. Fregata ariel iredalei Mathews, loc. cit.. p. 121 (Aldabra).
Casual on Eastern Coasts. Family PHALCROCORACIDA,
2034. (1526) Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. TJZhe Indian Large Cormorant. Pelicanus sinensis Shaw and Nod., Nat. Misc.. xii, p. 529 (1801), (China). Japan, China to India.
2035. (1527) Phalacrocorax fuscicollis. The Indian Shag. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool., xiti, p. 91 (1825), (India). Ceylon to N. Central India, Assam, Manipur, Burma.
2036. (1528) Phalacrocorax javanicus. The Litile Cormorant.
Carbo javanicus Horsf., Trans. L. S., xiii, p. 197 (1821), (Java).
India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
2037. (1529) Anhinga melanogaster. The Indian Darter or Snake-bird. Anhinga melanogaster Pennant, Ind. Zool., p. 18 (1769), (India).
The Oriental Region. Practically the whole of India, Burma and Ceylon.
Family SuLIDA,
2038. (15380) Sula leucogaster plotus. The Brown Gannet. Pelecanus plotus Forster, Descrip. Ani., p. 278 (1844), (New Caledonia).
Shot occasionally on the shores of India, Ceylon and Burma.
2039. (15381) Piscatrix sula rubripes. The Australian Red- legged Gannet. Sula rubripes Gould, Syn. B. of Aus., pt. iv, App. p. 7 (1838), (Raine Is. Queensland), Casual Bay of Bengal. 2040. (1532) Parasula dactylatra personata. The Austra- lan Masked Booby.
Sula personata Gould., P. Z. S., 1846, p. 21 (Raine Is). Occasional, coasts of India and Burma, B. of Bengal.
2041.
2042.
2043.
2044.
2045.
2046.
2047.
2048.
BIRDS OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE. 1]
Family PHAETHONIDA.
(1533) Phethon indicus. The Short-tailed Tropic- bird.
Phethon indicus Hume, S. F., tv, p. 481 (1876), (Mekran). Breeding Persian Gulf. Indian Coasts.
(1534) Phgthon lepturus lepturus. The White Trope- bird. . Phethon lepturus Daudin, Buff., Hist. Nat., xiv, p.
319 (1802), (Mauritius). Casual Indian coasts; once Cachar.
(15385) Phzthon rubricauda rubricauda. The Red- tailed Tropic-bird.
Phethon rubricauda Bodd., Tabl. ®PL. Enl., p. 57
(1783), (Mauritius). Casual Indian Coasts.
Order TUBINARHES. Family PROCELLARIIDA.
(1536) Oceanites oceanicus oceanicus. Walson’s Stor- my Petrel. Procellaria oceanicva Kuhl, Beitr. Anat., ii, p. 136. pl. x. (1820), (S. Atlantic Ocean). Casual on Mekran Coast, etc. Atlantic and Indian Oceans. (1537) Fregetta tropica melanogastra. The Dusky- vented Petrel. Thalassidroma melanogaster Gould, A. M. N. H., xiii, p. 367 (1844), (Ls. St. Paul). Once Bay of Bengal. (1538) Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus. The Green- billed Shearwater. Puffinus chlororhynchus Less., Traite d’Orn., p. 613
(1831), (Shark Is.). Casual Madras.
(1539} Puffinus persicus. The Persian Shearwater.
Puftinus persicus Hume, S. F., 1, p. 5 (1873), (Persian Gulf) Arabian Sea. Coasts of N. W. India.
(1540) Daption capensis. The Cape Petrel.
Procellaria capensis Linn., S.N., i, p. 218 (1766), (The Cape of Good Hope). Southern Oceans. Once in Ceylon.
12 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol, X XIX.
Order HERODIONES. Sub-order PLATALEA.
Family IsIpIDz,
2049. (1541) Threskiornis melanocephalus melanocephalus. The White [bis. : Tantalus melanocephalus Lath., Ind. Orn., it, p. 709, (1790), (India). From 8. Japan, through S. China to Burma, India and Ceylon.
2050. (1542) Inccetis papillosus papillosus. The Indian Black Ibis. Ibis papillosa Temm., Pl. Col., pl. 304 (1824), (India). Plains of N. India, 8S. to Mysore and EK. to Assam and Arrakan.
205". (1543) Inocotis papillosus davisoni. Davison’s Black Ibis.
Geronticus davisoni Hume, S. F., iii, p. 3800 (1875), (Lenasserim). Pegu, Tenasserim, Siam and Cochin China. 2052. (1544) Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus. The Glossy Ibis. Tantalus falcinellus Linn., 8S. N., x, p. 241 (1766), (Austria).
S. Europe, N. Africa, E. and Central Asia to. Persia, HE. India, Burma and Ceylon.
Family PLATALEID&.
2053. (1545) Platalea leucorodia major. The Indian Spoonbill. Platalea major Temm. and Schleg., Faun. Jap., p. 119 (1849), (Japan). Egypt, Central and South Asia to Japan. All India, Burma and Ceylon.
Sub-order CICONI AN. Family CiconupDé.
2054. (1546) Ciconia ciconia asiatica. The Turkestan White Stork,
Ciconia alba asiatica Sveriz., Turk. Jevot., p. 145 (1873), (Russian Turkestan). ? Turkestan, Yarkand, Bochara, Winter India. toP Ceylon.
2055.
2056.
2057.
2058.
2059.
2060.
2001.
2062.
2063.
(1546)
(1547)
(1548)
(1548)
(1549)
(1550)
(1551)
(1552
~~”
(1558)
BIRDS OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE, 13
Ciconia ciconia boyciana. The Chinese White Stork. Ciconia boyciana Swinh., P.Z.S8., 18738, p. 5138 (Yokohama).
Ussuri to Japan. Winter S. China. Straggler Burma, Manipur and Assam.
Ciconia nigra. The Black Stork. Ardea nigra Innn., S. N., 4 p. 142 (1758), (WN. Europe). Temperate Europe and Asia. 8S. to N. India, EK. to Assam,
Dissoura episcopa episcopa. The Indian W hite-necked Stork. Ardea episcopus Bodd., Pl. Enl., p. 54 (1783), (India). India, Ceylon, Burma to Tenasserim, N. Siam, etc.
Dissoura episcopa neglecta. The Javan White- necked Stork, Dissoura neglecta Finsch., Orn. Monatsb., p. 94 (1904), (Java). S. Siam, Tenasserim, Malay States to Philip- pines.
Xenorbynchus asiaticus asiaticus. The Black-necked Stork. Mycteria asiatica Lath., Ind. Orn., it, ». 670 (1790), (India.) India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay States, etc. Siam. Leptoptilus dubius. The Adjutant. Ardea dubia Gimel., S. N., i, p. 624 (1789), (India). India, rare in the 8. ; Burma, Siam, Malay Pen., etc. Leptoptilus javanicus. The Smaller Adjutant. Ciconia javanica Horsf., Trans. L. S8., xiti, p. 188 (1821), (Java). Ceylon, S. and E. India, Assam, Burma, Siam, Malay Pen. to Java and Borneo. .
Pseudotantalus leucocephalus leucocephalus. The Painted Stork. Tantalus leucocephalus Penn., Ind. Zool., p. 11, pl. x (1769), (Ceylon). Ceylon, India (not Punjab), Burma, Siam, Cochin and 8. China.
Anastomus oscitans. The Open-bill.
Ardea oscitans Bodd., Tabl. pl. Enl., p. 55 (1783), (Pondicherry). Ceylon, India, Burma, Siam, Cochin China, etc.
14 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY Vol, XXIX..
Sub-order ARDEA, Family ARDEIDZ.
2064. (1554) Ardea purpurea manillensis. The astern Purple Heron.
Ardea purpurea var. manillensis Meyen, Acta. Acad.. Leop. Carol. Suppl., p. 102 (1831), (Philippines). Ceylon, India, Burma, Siam, China, etc.
2065. (1555) Ardea cinerea cinerea. The Common Grey Heron.
Ardea cinerea Linn., S. N., 7, p. 143 (1758),
(Sweden). Europe, Africa, W. and Central Asia to Ceylon, India and Burma.
2066. (1555) Ardea cinerea jouyi, The Eastern Grey Heron. A. c. jouyi Clark, Pro. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxti, p. 468 (1907), (Corea). KE. Asia. S.and 8. W. Siam? Tenasserim. 2067. (1556) Ardea sumatrana sumatrana. The Dusky Grey Heron. Ardea sumatrana Raffl., Trans. L. S., xiti, p. 325 (1822), (Sumatra). S. Burma, Siam, Malay Pen., etc. 2068. (1557) Ardea insignis. The Great White-bellied Heron, Ardea insignis Hume, S. F., vt, p. 470 (1878), (Sikkim Terat). Sub-Himalayan Terai, Nepal to E. Assam. Bhamo. 2609. (1558) Ardea gcoliath. The Giant Heron. Ardea goliath Creizschm., Rupp. All., p. 39, pl. 36,. (1826), (Africa). Africa. Casualin various parts of India and Ceylon. 2070. (1559) LEgretta alba alba The Large Egret. Ardea alba Linn., S. N.,i, p. 144 (1758), (Hurope). S. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia to N. W. India. 207%. (1559) Egretta alba modesta. The Eastern Large gre. Ardea modesta Gray, Zool. Misc., p. 19 (1881), (India). Tropical India and China to Japan.
1) —) SJ iS) ee) a oP) =) —
Egretta intermedia intermedia. The Indian. Smaller Egret.
Ardea intermedia Wagler, Isis, 1829, p. 659 (Java). Ceylon, India, China, ete.
BIRDS OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE, 15:
2073. (1561) Egretta garzetta garzetta. The Intile Egret. Ardea garzetta Linn. S, N., i, p. 287 (1766) (in Oriente). Bes S. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, Central and S.. Asia to Japan.
2074. (1562) Bubulcus ibis coromandus. The Catile Egret.
Cancroma coromanda Bodd., Tabl. Pl. Enl., p. 54 (1783), (Coromandel). Ceylon, India, Burma, Siam, etc. to 8, Japan.
2075. (1564) Demiegretta sacra sacra. The Eastern Reef- Heron. Ardea sacra Gmel., 8S. N., i, p. 640 (1788), (Tahite)
Burma, Andamans and Nicobars, Malay Pen. and Arch, to China, Japan, etc.
2076. (1563) Demiegretta sacra asha. The Indian Reef-. Heron.
Ardea asha Sykes, P. Z. 8., 1832, p. 157 (Deccan). Coasts of india and Ceylon to Persian Gulf.
2077. (1565) Ardeola grayii. The Indian Pond Heron, Ardea grayii Sykes, P. Z. S§., 1882, uw, p. 158 (Deccan). Ceylon, India, S. Persia, Burma, Malay Pen.,. Siam. 2078. (156) Ardeola baccha. The Chinese Pond Heron. Buphus bacchus Bonap., Consp. Av., ti, p. 127 (1855), (Malacca).
Assam, Burma, Siam, Malay Pen., 8. China to S. E. Siberia and Japan.
2079. (1567) Buterides striatus javanicus. The Indian Little Green Heron. Ardea javanica Horsf., Trans. L. S., xiwi, p. 190 (1821), (Java). India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Pen. to 8. China,. Celebes, etc.
2080. (1567) Butorides striatus spodiogaster. The Andaman Tuttle Green Heron, Butorides spodiogaster Sharpe, Cat. B. M., tit.,p. 17
(1894), (Andamans). Andamans and Nicobars.
2081. (1568) Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax. The Night- Heron. Ardea nycticorax Linn., S. N., 4, p. 2389 (1766), (West Europe). S. and Central Europe, N. Africa, India, ete.. Kast to Japan.
16 » JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XX1X.
2082. (1569) Gorsachius melanolophus. The Malay Bittern.
Ardea melanolopha Raffl., Trans. L.S., xivi, p. 326 (1822), (Sumatra). Ceylon and W. Coast of India to Kanara. Assam, Burma, Siam, Malay Pen., etc.
2083. (1570) Ixobrychus minutus minutus. The Little
Dottern. Ardea minuta Linn. S. N., i, p. 240 (1766), (Helvetia). Europe, N. Africa, W. and C, Asia. Himalayas EK, to Assam,
2084. (1571) Ixobrychus sinensis. The Yellow Bittern.
Ardea sinensis Gmel., S. N., i, p. 642 (1789), (China). N. India, Burma, Ceylon, Siam, Malay Pen., etc., to Japan.
2085. (1572) Ixobrychus cinnamomeus. The Chestnut Bit-
tern, Ardea cinnamomea Gmel., S.N., i, p. 643 (1789), (China). Ceylon, India, Burma, Siam, Malay Pen. to
China, etc.
2086. (1573) Dupetor flavicollis flavicollis. The Black Bitiern.
Ardea flavicollis Lath., Ind. Orn., it, p. 701 (1790), (S. China). Ceylon, India, Burma, Siam, Malay Pen. to Celebes, etc., China.
2087. (1574) Botaurus stellaris stellaris. The Bitiern.
Ardea stellaris Linn., S. N., 74., p. 144 (1758), (Sweden). Kurope, N. Africa, N. Asia to Japan. Winter to India, Burma, ete,
Order PHGANICOPTERI. Family PHa:NICOPTERIDA.
2088. (1575) Phoenicopterus ruber antiquorum. Zhe Com- mon Flamingo. Phcenicopterus aqntiquorum Yemm., Man. d’Orn., p. 587 (1820), (Hurop-j. ‘S$. Europe, N. Africa, Transcaspia to Persian Gulf ; India and Ceylon.
2089. (i576) Phoenicopterus minor. The Lesser Flamingo.
Phenricopterus minor Groffr., Bull. Soc. Philom., i, p. 98 (1798), (LH. Africa). K. Africa and Madagascar. India W. and N. W,
2090.
*2091.
2092.
2093.
2094.
2095.
2096.
(1578)
(1577)
(1584)
(1585)
(1585)
BIRDS OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE, yey 7
Order ANSERES. ; } Family ANATIDA, Sub-family Cygnine.
Cygnus cygnus. The Whooper. - “2s
Anas cygnus Linn., S. N.,7., p. 122 (1758), (Sweden). A rare straggler into N. W. India. N. Europe aud Asia to Japan.
Cygnus bewicki. Bewick’s Swan. Cygnus bewicki Yarrel, Trans. L. S., xvi., p. 453 (1830), (Yarmouth).
Two occurrences in India. N, Europe and N, W. Asia to the Lena. i + a
Cygnus minor. Alpheraky’s Swan. Cygnus minor Keyser. & Blas., Werbelihiere, pp. lxaii., 222 (1840), (Selenga River).
One occurrence in India, N. E. Asia from the Lena to Japan.
Cygnus olor. The Mute Swan.
Anas olor Gmel., S. N., ¢., p.501 (1789), (Russia). A not very rare visitor to N. W. India, Central Europe, Central Asia and N, Africa.
Sub-family Pleetropterine.
Sarcidiornis melanota. The Nukhta or Comb- Duck.
Anser melanotos Penn., Ind. Zool., p. 12, pl. 12 (1769), (Ceylon).
Practically all India to Assam, Burma, Siam, Malay Pen.
Asacornis scutulata. The White-winged Wocd- Duck. F
Anas scutulata Muller, Verh. Land en Volk., p. 159 (1842), (Java). Assam, Burma to Tenasserim, Malay Pen., Java and Sumatra, Siam, etc.
Rhodonessa caryophyllacea, The Pink-headed Duck.
Anas caryophyllacea Lath., Ind. Orn., it., p. 866 (1790), (India).
Bengal and Assam, rare W. to Arrah and Oudh,
S. to Madras and K. to Pegu.
4
* Hartert considers Cygnus bewicki and Cygnus minor (jankowskii) to be races only of the same species. we know more of their life history.
3)
This still appears doubtful, and I retain them as species until
1& JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XXIX.
2097. (1591) Nettopus coromandelianus. The Cotton Teal.
Anas coromandeliana Ginel., S. N., t., p. 522 (1789), (Coromandel Coast). Ceylon, India, Burma, China and 8. to Philip- pines, Celebes, etc.
2098. Aex galericulata. The Mandarin Duck. Anas galericulata Lath., Ind. Orn., it., p. 871 (1790), (China).
Ineia, twice in Assam ; Central and 8. China to Japan and Amur.
Sub-family Axnserine.
2099. (1579) Amser anser. The Grey Lag Goose.
Anas anser Linn., S. N., i., p. 128 (1758), (Sweden). From N. W. India to Assam, Burma in winter.
‘2100. (1580) Anser albifrons albifrons. The White-froited Goose. Branta albifrons Scop., Ann. 1., His. Nat., p. 69 (1769), (N. Jialy).
Iceland to Siberia. A regular though uncommon visitor to India, Assam and Burma.
2101. (1581) Anser erythropus. Zhe Dwarf Goose.
Anas erythropus Linn., S. N., ¢., p. 123 (1758), (Sweden). N, Europe and Asia. Straggler to N. India in winter.
2102. (1582) Amser neglectus. Sushkin’s Bean Goose.
Anser neglectus Sushk., Bull. B. O. C., v., p. 6 (1893), (E. Russia). N. Europe and Asia. Once India in Assam.
2103. Anser fabilis sibiricus. Middendorf’s Bean Goose. Melanonyx arvensis sibiricus Alpheraky, Geese, p. 104 (1905), (Laimyr). N E. Asia.
2104. Anser brachyrhynchus. The Pink-footed Goose.
Anser brachyrhynchus Zaillon, Mem, 8S. R. Abve., p. 74 (1883), (Ab’eville, Somme). Breeding Spitzbergen, etc. Winter to Persia, India, etc.
2105. (1583) Amserindicus. The Bar-headed Goose.
Anas indica Lath., Ind. Orn., it , p.839 (1790), (India). Central Asia to W. China. Winter India, Burma, Shan States, ete.
BIRDS OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE, | 19
2100. Branta ruficollis. The Red-breasted Goose. Anser ruficollis Pallas, Spicil. Zool., p. 21 (1769), (06 River).
Breeding W. Siberia; winter Europe and 8, W. Asia, once India.
Sub-family Anatine.
2107. (1589) Dendrocygna javanica. The Lesser or Common Whistling Teal. Anas javanica Horsf., Trans. L. 8., xiit., p. 199 (1821),
(Java). | Ceylon, India, Burma, Siam, China, Malay Pen.
to Borneo and Java.
2108. (1590) Dendrocygna fulvae The Greater Whistling Teal. Anas fulva Gmel., S. N.,7., p. 580 (1789), (Novo Hispania). Practically all India, Burma, Siam in suitable localities.
2109. (1587) Tadornatadorna. The Sheldrake. Anas tadorna Linn., S. N., ¢., p. 122 (1758), (Sweden). N. and Central Europe and Asia. Rare N. India and Burma in winter.
2110. (158%) Casarcaferruginea. The Ruddy Sheldrake or Brahmiuny Duck. Anas ferruginea Pall., Vroeg’s Cat. Adum., p. 5 (1764), (Lartare). . Central and South Europe and Asia, 5S. to India, Ceylon, Burma, China, etc.
2irr. (1592) Anas platyrhyncha platyrhyncha. The Mal- lard. Anas platyrhynchos Linn., 8. N., a, p. 125 (17458), (Sweden). Europe, N. and Central Asia. In winter N. and Central India, Burma, etc.
2112. (1593) Anas peecilorhyncha peecilorhyncha. The Indian Spotbill or Grey Duck. _Anas peecilorhyncha Forster, Penn. Ind. Zool., xiit., p. 28 (1781), (Ceylon). India, Ceylon, Assam, N. of the Brahmaputra, etc.
2143. Anas pecilorhyncha zonorhyncha. The Chi- | nese Spot-Bill or Grey Duck.
Anas zonorhyncha Swinh., Ibis, 1866, p. 394 (Ningpo)
China, E. Siberia, straggler in winter to N. Burma |
and Assam.
20 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL AIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XXIX,
2114.
2115.
2116.
2117,
2118.
2110.
2120,
2121.
2122.
(1594)
(1595)
(1599)
(1596)
(1598)
(1600)
(1601)
Anas pecilorhyncha haringtoni. The Burmese Spot-Bill or Grey Duck. Polionetta haringtoni Oates, J. B. N. H.S., xvii., p. 558 (1907), (Shan States). Burma to extreme E. Assam, Yunnan, Cochin China, Siam, etc.
Eunetta falcata. The Bronze-capped Teal. Anas falcata Georgi, Bemerk. Reise. Russ. Reich., t., p. 167 (1775), (Asiatic Russia). Eastern Asia, straggler to Hurope. Winter 8. China, regular but rare in India and Burma.
Chaulelasmus streperus. The Gadwall.
Anas strepera Linn., S. N., 2., p. 125 (1758), (Sweden). Northern Hemisphere. Winter India and Burma; once in Ceylon.
Mareca penelope. The Wigeon.
Anas penelope Linn., S. N.,7., p. 126 (1758), (Sweden). Europe and Asia. Winter to India and Burma, N. Africa, etc.
Nettion formosum. The Barkal or Clucking- Leal. Anas formosa Georgi, Bemerk. Reise. Russ. Retch., p. 168 (1775), (Sweden). N. EH. Asia ; winter S. to China, etc. Very rare straggler to India.
Nettion crecca crecca. The Common Teal.
Anas crecca Linn., S. N., ¢., p. 125 (1758), (Sweden). Breeding Palearcticregion. Winter India, Burma and Ceylon.
Nettion albigulare. The Andaman Teal. Mareca albigularis Hume, S. F.,i., p. 303 (1873), (Andamans). Andamans and Cocos Is. ; once Bassein.
Dafila acuta. The Pintail.
Anas acuta Linn., 8. N., ., p. 126 (1758), (Sweden). Breeding N. Hemisphere; winter N. Africa, S, Asia, whole Indian Empire.
Querquedula querquedula. The Garganey or Blue-wing Teal. Anas querquedula Linn. 8. N., i., p. 126 (1758), (Sweden),
Eastern Palearctic Region; winter S. Europe, N. Africa, S. Asia.
2123.
2124.
2125.
2120,
2127.
2128.
2129.
2130.
2131.
BIRDS OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE, 21
(1604) Spatula clypeata. The Shoveller. Anas clypeata, Linn., S.N., t., p. 124 (1758), (Sweden). Whole Northern Hemisphere ; winter whole Indian Empire, etc. (3603) Marmaronetta angustirostris. The Marbled Duck. Anas angustirostris Ménétries, Cat. Reis. Caucas., p. 58 (1832), (Lenkoran). Mediterranean countries, E. to India, Sind, common, to Calcutta, rare.
(1604) Netta rufina. The Red-crested Pochard.
Anas rufina Pallas, Reise. Russ. Reich., it., p. 713 (1773), (Caspian Sea). Mediterranean countries and W. Central Asia ; N. Central and 8. India and Burma.
(1665) Nyroca ferina ferina. The Pochard or Dun-Bird. Anas ferina Linn., S. N., 7., p. 126 (1758), (Sweden). Temperate N. Hemisphere; winter India S. to Mysore, Burma, etc.
(1806) Nyroca rufarufa. The White-eyed Pochard or White-Eye. Anas rufa Linn, Faun. Svec. 2nd ed., p. 47 (1761), (Sweden). Breeding 8. Europe and Central Asia, S. India to Mysore, Burma to Arakan.
(1607) Nyroca rufa beri. Baer’s Pochard, or the East- ern White-Eye. Anas breri Radde, Reise. Siberien, it., p. 376 (1863), (Amur). Breeding E. Siberia. In winter, S. China, etc. Rare, Burma and N. E. India.
(1608) Nyroca marila marila. The Scaup. Anas marila Linn., Faun. Svec. 2nd ed., p. 39 (1761) (Lapland). Breeding N. Europe and Asia, Winter South. Rare visitor N. India.
(1609) Nyroca fuligula. The Tufted Pochard.
Anas fuligula Linn., 8. N.,2., p. 128 (1758), (Sweden). Breeding Palearctic Region and N. Africa ; winter India and Burma, etc.
(1610) Glaucionetta clangula clangula. The Golden Eye. Anas clangula Linn. S. N., 7%., p. 126 (1758), (Sweden).
Breeding N. Europe and Asia, winter South, straggler in N, India.
22 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XXIX.
2132. (1611) Erismatura leucocephala. The White-headed or Stiff-tailed Duck. | Anas leucocephala Scop., Ann. 1. Nat. His., p. 65 (1763), (N. Italy). Mediterranean countries, W. Central Asia. Common straggler, N. W. India. 2133. (1612) Mergus albellus. The Smew. Mergus albellus Linn., S. N., @., p. 129 (17583, (Smyrna). Breeding Palearctic Regions. Fairly common visitor, \. India in winter. 2134. (1613) Merganser merganser orientalis. The Eastern Goosander.
Mergus orientalis Gould, P. Z. 8., 1845, p. 1 (Amoy) Baluchistan, Himalayas to E. Tibet, N. Indian sub-Himalayas in winter.
2135. (1614) Merganser serrator. The Red-breasted Mer-
ganser. Mergus serrator Linn., 8S. N., 7, p. 129 (1758) (Sweden).
Breeding, N. Hemisphere. Very rare winter straggler to India.
Order PYGOPODES.
Family PopopicrPEDAé.
2136. (1615) Podiceps cristatus cristatus. he Great Crested Grebe. Colymbus cristatus Linn., 8. N., ¢., p. 185 (1758) (Sweden). Temperate Europe, Asia and Africa; winter common N. India and Burma.
2137. (1617) Podiceps ruficollis albipennis. The Indian Inttle Grebe.
Tachybaptes albipennis Sharpe, Bull. B.OC., w.. p. 4. (1894), (Peninsula India). India, Ceylon, Burma.
2138. (1616) Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis. The Black- necked Grrebe.
Podiceps nigricollis Brehm, Handb. Vog. Deutchl., p. 963 (1831), (Holland).
Temperate Europe, Asia and Africa. Winter ~
N. India, common N,. W.
An addenda and corrigenda to the Hand-list of Birds will be published subsequently.
i) a)
GAME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR AND ADJACENT HILL PROVINCES. By
Cox. A. E. WARD.
Part V. (With a plate.) (Continued from page 882 of Volume XX VITTI). BEASTS OF PREY. THE CATS.
There are a large number of different cats in the countries with which these articles are concerned, nearly all of the various species attract the attention of sportsmen for the sake of their skins.
THe Leoparp (Ff. pardus).
Leopard shooting is a useful occupation, so also is trapping. The number of deer, sheep and goats, both wild and tame, destroyed by leopards is very great, and where game congregates there the leopard will come. In 1920 in the Dachgam game reserve, forty-one deer killed by this destructive cat were found. How many more were killed that were never heard of, it is impossible to say.
Sitting over a killin a game reserve is not often successful, the ieopard seldom returns and even if it had any intention of doing so, the chances are that other animals will be met on the way and be taken instead of the previous kill.
In India a stag sambhar is more or less immune from the attacks of the pard, but in snow covered hills the biggest stags of the Kashmir deer are driven down- wards by the leopards and easily killed. Of course a sambhar is much bigger than the stag of Kashmir, but still the latter weighs 30 stone (or over 400lbs. ) and a leopard is only between 75 and 150 lbs. It is the advantage given by the snow which enables the leopard to hold the barasing. In the jungles the stags are not attacked, for if a powerful deer bolted through the jungle carrying the leopard it would get free and the attacker have a bad time against the trees.
There is very littleto be gained by beating with coolies for leopards in thick: jungles owing to their habit of crawling through the undergrowth and of taking the first opportunity of breaking back.
In the Terai many can be shot, if in the early morning astaunch pad elephant is used. By moving slowly about, listening for the “fright” call of the deer, which so often betrays the vicinity of a big cat, and wandering quietly up and pottering about, the leopard can often be seen or moved. If silently followec, a, shot can generally be obtained, provided the undergrowth or grass is not too dense, but shikar in the Terai is not the subject now to be dealt with, so «, return to these hills and their leopards must be made.
The most exciting method is tracking in the snow; a kill having taken place during the night it is necessary to get on the tracks as soon as possible. It the carcase isin the open below a bare bill, the leopard wili probably go up tu the rocks above, where, if gorged, it will rest. Caution is necessary and the use of dogsis a desirable safeguard, for the shot may have to be taken from below. A wounded leopard will attack at great speed and may get home, but if the dogs are up to their work they will divert the attention of the leopard by barking and running in.
On one fatal occasion Colonel Turnbull, who had killed scores of leopards by tracking in the snow, had with him his dogs, but the attendants lost their heads,
24 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XXIX.
and did not slip the dogs until the damage was done and Turnbull was mauled beyond recovery.
If the kill is near jungle and the pard has not fed freely, it will most likely conceal itself close at hand ; in that case the dogs may turn it out, when it may go up a tree or afford a shot tothe sportsmen who has posted himself in a likely place.
Once, a pony was killed not far from a patch of jungle which was perhaps three or four acres in extent with broad strips of snow between it and the main forest. After ringing round the place and ascertaining that the leopard had not passed through, the dogs were put in, whilst the two guns were posted on the side nearest the main jungle. A chorus of barking and a howl ensued, and the leopard showed for a second on the edge of the cover, but turned back. The dogs came out, then went in again and barked furiously, and the look out reported that the pard had come out but had run along the end of the cover and ~then re-entered. The snow was deep and the undergrowth dense and tangled, and the dogs becoming tired out appeared from various parts of the jungle, and lay down panting in the snow. Two dogs, a cross between an Airdale and a Brinjara had been a bit scratched, but beyond being rendered very cross did not seem perturbed. After a rest, the pack wentin again but nothing happened ; probably the leopard had secreted itself under a dense bush or stone. Whilst the chase lasted it was great fun, but it was a failure which caused disappointment, for this leopard had for long past been an inveterate deer-slayer. To this day it has not been bagged and unfortunately is cleverer than ever, for a badly placed shot has damaged a fore-leg. The guard in charge of the beat states that ponies and full grown deer are now beyond the killing power of this leopard, and evidently the man believes that this is so, for his pony was grazing close to the jungle afew weeks ago.
The leopard is-a vermin beast of the worst order, and as such should be trapped on every occasion, the depredations of a pair amounting to much more than a dozen rifles can effect. Trapping is a fascinating form of sport. The large gins are not generally successful; the best of these have curved jaws which, when they close, grip the leg high up, the flat jaw only closes on the foot, and is shaken or bitten off, sometimes cutting off the toes.
By setting a large number of strong brass-bound, 5-inch jaw, Dorset traps round a kill several leopards have been caught as one or two feet are entrapped. In Wangat about two dozen of these gins were lightly pegged down round a dead pony just before dark. In the morning two foxes were found, several traps were sprung, andtwo were missing. <A leopard’s tracks were visible on the snow and signs of a drag behind the track. The trail was irregular, the leopard had stopped at intervals turned and scrambled about. Not far off was a thick growth of wild indigo, and from within came coughing growls. The gun-bearer shouted to loose the dogs, and this brought the leopard out in a shambling charge; a shot hit somewhere, but the dogs got in before a second shot could be fired. A big bull dog (a present from the Poonch Raja) got a grip on the side of the leopard’s head, whilst the two half bred Airedales went in and took worrying grips anywhere, whilst the other dogs barked around. ‘The trouble was how to finish the beast, as the dogs could not or would not hear. After a short time the struggle almost ceased and a shot fired at a distance of afew yards ended the excitement. One trap, which had evidently . been fixed on the middle of the leopard’s tail, had fallen off, the second enclosed the fore-foot. ‘‘ Poor beast’? might almost be said, but it wasa good riddance, ~ though’ perhaps not a fair fight.
.. , There. remained the bull dog, which was covered with blood, and the two
_ Airdales, both furiously angry and a bit cut about. They were difficult to “ dector up but healed fairly quickly.
GAME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR. 25
Other captures could be written about ; afew weeks ago a young leopardess took the trap on its foot for quite half a mile and then lay down on a fuel pathway, and tried to charge the tracker. On a narrow bridge where a leopardess and a cub used to cross a large trap was set, with smaller ones here and there, the cub was caught and the mother left afew hairs in the big gin. Small traps are successful at times but very often they fail, as the leopard will frequently, after going a short distance, free itself from the trap, or break it whilst dragging it through rocks and jungle.
The best trap is that made in Nepal. The description was given in the ‘¢ Tourists and Sportsman’s Guide,” and is as follows :-—
Select a suitable place where the bleating of the kid, which is used as a bait, can be heard on all sides. Drive into the ground two parallel rows of stout hard wood stakes leaving not more than 2 feet between the rows. For a single entrance “door trap’? about 64 feet will suffice ; for a double door trap 11 feet. The stakes should be 2 feet above the ground.
In the centre of a double door trap, or at one end if for a single entrance, stake off a 2-foot compartment for the kid which is to form the bait—leave this compartment open at the top but put strong cross pieces on the upright stakes elsewhere. Next come the doors which must be stout 14” board; the doors are set exactly like those of a box rat-trap, but, where the bait usually is placed on a hook, fasten two strong cross wires at right angles to one another ; by clawing at these wires the leopard springs the trap and the door falls.
The kid is put into the compartment, the top is then closed with a large flat stone, or board, on which stones are piled. The less finish there is the better ; clean up all chips of wood, leave the bark on the stakes, and weight the doors with heavy stones so that they may fall quickly. Finally when all is ready, put a few thorny branches on the trap or the leopard may jump on the top and spring it. When built it will look small, but if larger the trapped animal will be able to move about and bite at the wood work. Sometimes the claws will be broken and the toes of the leopard lacerated. Evidently it gets on its back and tries to break the upper cross bars. In Chakrata seven leopards were caught in two years in atrap of exactly these dimensions. For some- time only small females were caught but one night a big male was secured. When there is snow on the ground the marks show that the leopard walks round the trap and tries at first to get the bait from the outside.
In some jungles all the leopards seem to be small, which probably gives rise to the idea of the leopard and panther being distinct species, but careful investigation has caused naturalists to dismiss this idea.
The Measurement of Leopards.
As to measurements, the methods employed which are enumerated in the lists given, cause much confusion. There is no doubt that an animal 8 feet length measured between pegs, or even by taping from the nose between the ears and then straight to the tip of the tail, is very rare.
Some fine leopards have been shot in the Maharaja of Cooch Behar’s shooting trips, andthe Maharaja was enthusiastic oyer an 8 ft. measurement, and a weight of 154 lbs.
Measurement of dressed skins are not of much value. Aleopard with a body measurement of 7’-6” will probably give a skin over 8’, A 7’-10” body gave a skin of about 8’-6”.
There are three different methods of measuring tigers and leopards and bears.
1, Rowland Ward advocated driving a peg in at the nose and another at the end of the body and a third at the tail, and measuring from peg to peg.
2. The measurement generally taken is from the nose to between the ears, then a straight line to the end of the body and the tip of the tail.
4
26 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XX1X,
3. The third is by following the curves of the body from the nose and along the back.
lst Method. Measurement. In- dex | No.| Sportsman’s name. |Length.| Girth. Height | Sex. Locality, etc. | | | : ) 1 | A. E. Ward a 7’-54” 28" | Male |Outer Hills— Weight 120 lbs. 2 | Do lia ier seek elie Outer Hills— | | | | | Weight 115 lbs. 3 | Do. slo aN PD OU al eine a els oe Outer Hills— | | Body, 4’-7”. An oie: re ee 4 a 5 | Col. Rowland ~~ .,| 7’ a mie es Weight 120 lbs. 6 | A. E. Ward I G67 eas .. |Female Cae UO Pe 7 | Trapped ; ; 6’ Ree Ge AI akan iy TD ings Rent | © 2nd Meth od. | | | | 1 | A. E. Ward Ae ola fea et | er Gl ...| Male | 2 Do. 7’-6” nee Ai abs | 3rd Method. 1 | Col. S-D. Turnbull ..| 77-10” | 37-1” 2’-8” Lolab, Kashmir. 2 Do. ..| 77-10” | 27-10” | 2’-10” |Handwara, Kashmir. 3 | H.E. Malandaine ..| 7’-91” Bd ee ere Lc het 4 |S. McDonald Reier el ' Stee Kashmir. 5 | Capt... Li. Haughton 77-77. 0 2 ole eel er 6 |S. McDonald Sa] dae On es ae Jammu. 7 | Major D. G. Oliver ..| 7-6" | .. .. | Kashmir. 8 | C. R. Radcliffe of TB oN. ai WeZE8" | \Handwara, 9 | Col. 8. D. Turnbull ..| 7’-3” of papa tee | “a
The head of No. 1 is shown on the plate.
Man-eating Leopards.
A man-eating leopard is a real terror. Every one’s experience after man- eaters, whether tigers or leopards, is limited, but, having been engaged in trying to exterminate both species, the opinion has been formed that, of the two, it is easier to get the tiger. In many cases supernatural powers are attributed. A kill occurs, andthe next day a second at a distance of 20 miles away. The truth is that the damage is done by a family, not by one beast.
Only once from personal observation has a family of leopards been known to become man-eaters, but it is more than probable that the Almorah list of some hundreds of people destroyed, was not the work of one. The beasts seemed to bear charmed lives and ranged from Almorah to Bhim Tal.
Whilst riding up from Khatgodam railway station, via Bhim Tal, the body of a freshly killed woman was found about three miles from the place where the
pectin
Journ., Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
GAME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR.
LEOPARD SHOT IN THE SNOW.
. . = : - 5 . E \ 5 5 an . / . . - b . a t be Y “ 7
GAME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR. | 27
camp was located. There was ample time to send for a rifle and some rope to make a machan and all was ready before dark. The coolies left and solitude gave a chance of success. Just before dark the noise of talking came nearer, the villagers assembled and took away the corpse and nothing would induce them to wait until morning. On the off chance, as the moon was bright, the vigil was continued, but although the leopard prowled round, it would not show up in the open glade near the machan. The chance was lost. The depredations continued.
An officer in civil employ tried to get information from the Kumaonis near Almorah, but found them reticent. One man actually hinted he preferred the vicinity of the leopard to that of the camp. Another ruffian some days after, actually said by way of excuse, “Sahib, the leopard chiefly takes old women.”
Very different was the attitude of the inhabitants of another village—not in Kumaon—where the men petitioned to have some one sent to help them. The time of the year was June, the leopard was in low stone covered hills, where there were any number of hiding places, hence there was no eager volunteering ‘but some one had to be told off to help. The heat in the stony hills was great, but life was bearable under a group of mango trees not far from a village which was at the base of a hill and on the flat ground. It was with the leopard to make the first move, which he did soon. Two days after arrival, a crowd. came to the camp and reported that a child had been taken, Between the village and the hill there was a patch of thorny jungle through which a path passed and turned upwards. The leopard might be in this patch, for there were spots of blood in the path leading in that direction. The villagers were in terror, but, by dint of persuasion, a few men, armed with drums of sort, were collected. A guide volunteered to come, whilst “ old Gunga,” the gun-bearer, marshalled the beaters. He was to stay well outside the thorny scrub until the post was taken up and a handkerchief was waved. Skirting the scrub, the guide led into the hill and reached the pathway about 50 or 60 yards beyond the cover.
The path lay between large fallen rocks, but there was a clear view along it.
Whilst looking for a position above the path the beaters began to drum, and, in a mass, approached the scrub; there was no time to move, for at the first sound the leopard came out at a gallop and headed straight along the path. There was barely time to let off both barrels before the beast had arrived. The impact was unpleasant, for hard stony ground is harderthan the back of the human head. The leopard was dead, and as it was coming up hill very little damage occurred. A claw mark on the instep was all the beast could do, and except for the fall matters had gone well, and the pet rifle was not damaged. To get anyone to volunteer to beat was difficult; luckily as it turned out there was no real beat—but where all the people came from when the leopard was dead. is a wonder; they crowded round, then put the leopard on a litter, and all the population seemed to possess screaming musical instruments or drums to enliven the ensuing parade. Evidently there was a feeling of relief round the camp.
By the time a wash and rest had come off, Gunga had skinned the leopard ; in spite of his efforts to elongate the skin, it only measured 8 feet when pegged out on the ground,—quite a small animal to cause so many deaths.
In the Liddar valley in Kashmir lived a notorious man-eater which was said to have begun by killing boys tending the village goats—anyway it went for id hoatherd who was sleeping in the jungle with a blanket wrapped round
im.
The boy, although he died the next day, had to be attended to, so the chance
of a shot was lost. Poor little chap, he was bitten at the back of the neck close
28 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XXIX.
to the shoulders, probably not much pain was suffered, for beyond an occasional moan no sound was made, nor any movement. From tragedy the matter passed into absurdity. The leopard had on two or three occasions jumped into the upper verandahs of the village houses, and secured his victim. Why not put a shikari with a gun into each house said some officials ?—This was done and for days rapacious men devoured village sheep and fowls. The leopard did not show up, some shots were fired and adog or two were missed by the shikaris. Wiser counsels however prevailed, and afew men from a Regiment were told off and a crusade against leopards instituted. During the summer two or three were shot, whether the man-eater was amongst them or not no one knew—but peace reigned, the murders ceased, and the small goatherd was the last victim.
A leopard is an uncertain tempered animal, full of craft, but very plucky. Most when wounded will fight, and sometimes when untouched. One was allowed to pass the gun and was fired at as it moved away ; the bullet struck the ground in front of its head, instantly it turned and charged to the foot of the stone on which the gunner was seated. Another which was hit in the body when it had passed, charged back to the ladder of the machan and tried to climb up.
A small leopardess had killed a spotted deer. The elephants were bringing in fodder and the mahouts saw the act. After the loading, the elephants were at once taken back; the pard which was on its kill, at the edge of the jungle, snarled and came at speed close under the leading elephant’s trunk. The skin now has a post of honour in the dining room, the measurement was under 6 feet—a plucky little animal.
Three days ago, an eight-point stag was killed by a leopard, the carcase of which was examined. The neck was not broken but there had evidently been a struggle whilst the leopard had fastened on to the throat. The flesh was torn open and the chest and shoulders were much scratched. As a rule the necks of hinds are broken, but it takes a big leopard to break the neck of a stag.
No. 42. THe CaracaL (Felis caracal).
This cat in many ways resembles the lynx, but is not so heavy in build, nor as tall. Although unable to speak with authority, not having come across the Caracal on the Indus, Vigne was most likely correct when he said it was found on the Upper Indus, if he alluded to the river as it flows through Baltistan ; higher up the river it is unlikely to occur, for the cold, which is the life of the lynx, would probably kill the Caracal. There is a caracal skin in Srinagar, which is said to have come from Ladak, and the Balti men knew it as the * Ech.’
On two occasions whilst driving low grass jungle for black partridges this animal was shot.
The measurements of these are :—
eee
Measurements. Rea Index No. | Body. | Tail. Height. Locality. | 1 2’-34” a Livi Western Dun, U. P. Male. 2 9/.5” 97 7a") | aPuniab. i A cured skin. 2’-7” 11” ; S006
GAME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR, 29
How far it may be correct to include the Caracal amongst the animals of the hills, with which these articles are concerned, it is difficult to say, but the evidence seems to be in favour of doing so.
The colouring of the hair is practically uniform and may be called a reddish brown, outside the ears are black or hoary, inside white.
Long ago a Punjab Zemindar had a small pack of caracals with which he used to hunt hares, and provided there were not too many bushes the results were good but the hares seemed to be quicker at turning and often got away in spite of the extreme agility of the Caracals.
In Central India another Indian friend had both Hunting Leopards and Caracals, although taken out, the latter were not used, as only black buck were seen.
No. 31. Tut OuNcCE oR SNow Leoparp (Felis unica),
The ‘ Stian’ of Tibet, but generally known as “ Safed Cheetah.”
The ‘ Burhel Haye’ towards the eastward of Kumaon—z.e., “The Burhel Killer’’.
The snow leopard is not a rare animal but owing to its nocturnal ha bits, and the high elevation at which it lives, very few are shot by sportsmen.
In summer, goats, sheep and occasionally ponies are preyed upon whilst the upland grazing grounds are open to flocks, but in the winter in Kashmir the snow leopard has to live on ibex, musk deer, monal, ram-chikor, etc., for it does not descend to the vicinity of the villages.
In Gilgit, Ladak and Baltistan, numbers are trapped or shot, the skins being sent for sale to Srinagar where high prices are obtained. In winter the villagers catch the Ounce in pits at the bottom of which a kid is put, the sides of the pit slope slightly inwards, in other words the bottom of the pit is wider than at the top. The reason why so many of the skins offered for sale are damaged is because they are often obtained by heaving down stones on the captives.
As far as can be made out after looking up many diaries, it is only on the following occasions that the Ounce was personally seen in a wild state :—
(1) Twice in the Upper Wardwan, when sitting over kills with a friend. One was missed and the other killed.
(2) Once in Kashmir, this Ounce was killed at an elevation of about 12,000 ft. by a long lucky shot close to camp.
(3) Once in the Kriashnye, where the animal was stalking an ibex.
(4) Three in Baltistan at one time, of which two were killed.
(5) One in Kumaon.
(6) Two cubs in the Liddar (on two occasions).
None of these, except the cubs, was below an altitude of 10,000 ft.
On the third occasion the river prevented any attempt at following but through the glasses every movement could be followed as the animal crossed a snow field. It was probably a male for the tail seemed to be very long and thick. The ibex were above and bolted, and the Ounce stood up and returned from whence it had come, evidently disgusted, with its tail erect.
On the sixth occasion the cubs were not caught until later when the goat-herds brought them to Pahkgam in the Liddar. They became quite tame and whilst young romped about with the retrievers, but they got rough in their manners and clawed one dog, after this the retrievers would not go near them. Feeding them at first was very difficult ; a mixture of blood and milk, with which once a week a teaspoonful of flowers of sulphur was put, kept the little beasts in good health. Later on a big shelf was put up in the verandah and there the cubs slept during the day. They would jump up and down, time after time, with extra- ordinary ease. Directly they touched the verandah floor they would twist round and bound back on to the shelf.
30 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XX1X.
As they grew up, rabbits and fowls were given to them. When I was called away to Poonch the snow leopards were in robust health, but on my return after some weeks’ absence they were miserably thin; one died and then after a few weeks, the other, whilst under the writing table. Nothing would induce them to climb a tree, and even when the food was placed on a bough they would jump and try and reach it, but would not climb up the trunk.
There are generally two or three snow leopards in the Lalmandi gardens, and Major Wigram for a long time kept one in a big cage under a large chenar tree, but at best the Ounce is not a willing captive and feels the heat of confinement.
Major Wigram’s Ounce would press against the bars of the cage and liked having his head stroked, but at times was too free with his claws. Major Oliver also had two which were sent to England.
Inalarge enclosure with plenty of shade the Ounce would be a lovely creature to watch. Beautiful it certainly is, but it is a most destructive game killer and should be classed as vermin.
Measurements of Snow Leopards.
Index ; | : Total | . No Sportsman’s name.| Body. | Tail. Length. Sex. | Locality. ees 1p li AR Wanda» £1) Se Snes 6-8” | Male | Kashimir. Do. Salo peel ion 6’-5” Be Baltistan. Do. AGO sor eee One Or Female | a
One skin which was measured after curing was of exceptional size and attracted much attention. Its total length was 8’-7”, the body being 5’ and the tail 377".
Frequently the question is asked, “‘ How can I shoot the snow leopard ”’.
Tracking in the snow is not likely to produce much result because the tracks are generally those of the previous evening, or the night, and may lead for miles. Although often tried only once has success attended this method and then only because the morning trail was found and the animals were themselves hunting. '
Sitting over a kill of course gives a good chance, but the difficulty of finding a fresh kill is great, and nothing but excessively good luck can help.
The Ounce does not seem to take kindly to tied up goats. Probably if it is known that the game is near at hand the best plan would be to let two or three goats wander about at night and look them up in the early morning. A _ wolf may kill the goats instead of the snow leopard doing so, or a brown bear may want a meal, but sport may be obtained with any of the three animals.
So few snow leopards are shot that even Major Wigram’s records which extend over years could not supply a single measurement.
No. 43. THE Lynx (felis lynx). 66 He 99 The furriers’ shops in Srinagar hold many skins, but very few are shot by those sportsmen who go to Baltistan and Ladak. For years not a single wild one was met with, then one was seen as it stole away not far from Panamek in the Nubra and another which was said to be a cub. The habitat extends throughout Gilgit, Ladak and Turkestan, from 6,000, to
great altitudes.
GAME ANIMALS OF KASHMIR. 3]
In captivity the Lynx does well. In former accounts of Ladak game, it was mentioned as having been kept by one of the Viziers of Ladak ; it was led on a chain, but at times was very vicious. When poultry or any small animal came near, the Lynx would make a dart to try and make a capture, and having failed it would get into a vile temper, and bite or scratch.
Some very fine skins are brought into Srinagar for sale, at present there are several.
Measurement of a Lynx.
Head and body. Tail. (Shot by a friend in Chang- chemno < ). 2’-10” 8” Measurement of a cured skin. Head and body. Tail. o- hl 10” (A huge specimen),
The Lynx is a powerful animal. On seeing two captive males the weight was guessed at from 50 to 55 lbs. Blanford puts it at 60 lbs.
Major D. G. Oliver brought two lynxes from Ladak and sent them to the Zoo at home. One died and the other was, it is understood, passed on elsewhere.
OTHER CATS.
There are five or perhaps six other skins which are entered in the lists according to size.
The object of roughly describing them here is to enable those who frequent the furrier’s shops to have some idea of what they are buying. In order to aid the purchaser the general colouring and length of the cured skins is given.
No. 34. The Golden Cat and varieties. » 41. The Jungle Cat. » 08 Pallas’ Cat. » 40. The Waved Cat. ,» 09. The Desert Cat.
No. 34. THE GoLDEN Cat (Felis temminckt).
The skins of this rather rare cat, which are brought from Nepal and Tibet,
vary greatly in colouring, in fact there are two varieties if not three.
The first is of a red colour, with a darker line above the spine. The lower parts are lighter in colour. The underpart of the tail is whitish. The cheeks are marked by a line of white or yellowish white; also near the eye this line is sometimes buff in colour. Ears are black.
The cured skins are rather smaller than those of the caracal with which the furriers seem to confuse them. It is enough to look at the tail. The Caracal has a short tail, the Golden Cat’s is generally over 1’-6”.
The deep brown almost black variety comes from Tibet; there are markings on the chest and inside the legs; the underpart of the tail is buff or whitish.
Two skins of the dark golden cat were brought from Nepal to Naini Tal in or -about 1913. The would-be purchaser of skins and furs if wise will consult some- one who knows the tricks of the trade before purchasing skins, for some are dyed,
No. 41. Tar JuneGim Car (Felts chaus).
Common at all elevations under 7,000 ft., very variable in size.
A common length of the body without tail is 24” to 26”.
The colouring is in shades of grey varying from yellow to light brownish, some spots are visible. The ears have hairy tips, but not dense as on the ears of the lynx.
32 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XX1IX.
No. 38. Pauuas’ Cat (Felis manut).
This cat is found in Ladak, Turkestan and Mongolia.
A live fullgrown male measured :—Body and head 1’-8”, Tail 83”.
The description is difficult for the hair is not uniform in colouring throughout its length, and this gives the curious silvery appearance mentioned by Blanford.
The skin now lying on the writing table has a general appearance of shades of brown marked with blackish brown on the back, the sides have cross stripes of deep brown. The lower portions are pure white. The limbs in parts are tawny marked with black. The tail grey, thickly ringed with hairs which are partly tawny and black, the tips of these hairs being of either colour. The head is marked with irregular spots. The fur is very dense, silky and long. In the specimen under review there is a white mark, almost semi-circular in shape on the back between the shoulders, but this marking may be a freak. In the Natural History articles a photograph of Pallas’ Cat will be included. This was taken from one caught in the Khardong and then sent to England.
No. 40. Tue Wavep Cat (Felis torquata).
A very common animal in Kashmir. The furriers call it leopard cat, or ‘Chitta Billi’ (spotted cat).
The waved cat is fairly constant in colouring and can be described as grey or greyish brown with dark brown, sometimes black, markings. The chest and stomach are not spotted. Distinct markings on the sides of the head, generally waved not straight. Tail, rather faintly ringed with black with a biack tip.
A large skin measured—body and head 2’-2”. The tail being half that mea- surement.
No. 39. THE Desurt Cat (Felis ornata).
This cat is found in the plains of the Punjab and Sind, and is about the same size as the previous species, but some specimens are large, notably the skin about to be described.
Head and body. Tail with hair. 2’-14” 112”
A yellow sandy colouring throughout, with irregular brownish black spots of different sizes all over. On the legs these markings run into each other until they form three or four almost continuous lines which are black; these lines are less distinctly to be seen on the sides, when they are interspersed by a light tawny colouring. The ears are the same colour as the skin, but are not spotted, they terminate in long hairs at the tips.
There are many skins in the furrier’s shops which have simple variations of colouring; other pelts are brought from distant countries.
Being frequently asked “ what then is a leopard cat,” a description of a very handsome skin is given.
No. 36. THe LeoparD Cat (Felis bengalensis).
This skin is not very large, but is beautifully marked. Body and head 2’-3”, Tail 10”.