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लाल TTS शास्त्री प्रशासन अकादमी Lal Bahadur Shastric Aademy

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Manasa on Serpent Seat scroll Painting collected by Mr. Panchanan Chakravarti

VIPRADASA’S MANASA-VIJAYA

A FIFTEENTH CENTURY BENGALI TEXT EDITED WITH A SUMMARISED TRANSLATION, NOTES AND GLOSSARY AND WITH AN INTRODUCTION ON THE LITERATURE, MYTH AND CULTS RELATING TO MANASA ( With xz Plates )

By SUKUMAR SEN, M.A., PH.D., F.A.S.

THE ASIATIC SOCIETY 1, Park Street

CALCUTTA

Printed by P. C. Chatterjee at THs Mopern Art Press, 6B, Bentinck Street, Calcutta—1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The publication of Vipradasa’s Manasamangala (then known in three fragmentary manuscript copies) was contemplated as early as 1938, and Sudhir Kumar Mukherji one of our students that had just taken his M.A. degree in Comparative Philology offered me help and copied one of the manuscripts. The early death of that very promising career put a stop to the project. Now when at last the entire work is published my first thoughts go to the memory of that brilliant young friend of mine.

For the publication of Vipradasa’s poem in Bibliotheca Indica 1 am particularly grateful to my guru Professor Suniti Kumar Chatterji, now President of the Asiatic Society. The only complete manuscript copy of the poem was acquired by Visvabharati when the work was going to the press. I thank the authorities of Visvabharati for the rare courtesy of placing the manuscript promptly at my

disposal.

SUKUMAR SEN

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1. The Manuscript Material Authorship and Date The Poem

Antiquity of the Saga Versions of the Saga

८1 + & $

A. The West Bengal Version

Visnu Pala

Ketakadasa (Ksemananda 1)

Ksemananda IT Ksemananda III Sitaram Das Rasik Misra

6. 2.

Banesvar Ray

B. The East Bengal Version Narayan Devy

Vamsidas

Vijay Gupta C. The North Bengal (and Kamrup) Version

‘*Tantra’’ Vibhiti Jagatjivan Ghosal Manakar and Durgavar Jivankrsna Maitra

D. The Bihari Version

E. The Modern Versions

The Myth The Cult (i) The Cult (7) The Cult (iii) The Cult (iv) The Cult (v) The Cult (vi) The Cult (vii) The Cult (viii) The Cult (ix) The Cult (x) The Cult

of Soma

of Sura

of Visa

of Running Water (Stream) of Whirling Water (Pool)

of the Vessel (Cup and Pot) of the Horse

of the Boar

of the Bird

of the Ichneumon

(xi) The Cult of the Shell

(xii) The Cult (xiii) The Cult (xiv) The Cult (xv) The Cult

of the Monkey ... of the Serpent ... of the Elephant of the Lotus

Paces

.. i—xliti

i

iv

Vv

vi {अशा iX—xXVvI1 ix—xill Xiii—Xiv xXiV—XV

se XV xv—xvi Xvi

XvI XVi—XX XVili XVii—xXix Xix—XX XX—xXXVI1 me XX xX—Xxi XXi—-XXV XXV—XXVI XXXi—XX1X xxix XXiX-——xXXvVi, xlill XXvi—xlii अर] XXVI—-XXV XXXVIi XXXViiI—XXXVIll XXXVili XXXVili—XXX1X XXX1X XXX1X XXxix—x] xl

xl

we xl xl—xli, xiii xli, xii xii

(xvi) The Cult of the Water-weed (xvii) The Cult of the Palmyra (xviii) The Cult of the Sija

(xix) The Cult of the Pillar

ADDENDA

Tue Text

Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala

One

Two

Three

Four

Five

Six

Seven

Eight

Nine

Ten

Eleven an Twelve (Jagarana) Thirteen (Astamangala)

VARIANT READINGS

THE PoEM SUMMARIZED

Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Pala Notes GLOSSARY

INDEX

One

Two

Three

Four

Five

Six

Seven

Eight

Nine

Ten

Eleven sia Twelve (Jagarana)

Thirteen (Astamangala)

PAGES xli—xlii xlii

xlii, अर 3111 xliii—-xliv I—235 r—18 IQ—32 33—45 46—74 75—93 94—II3 II4—124 I25—-140 I41—149 150—165 166—175 176—221 222—235

236—251

253—292 253—257 257—258 258—260 260—263 263—265 265—268 268—269 269—273 273—275 270—279 279—281 281—288 288—291

293—310 311 —350 351—353

PLATES

Manasa on Serpent Seat

Pages from MSS. A and B

Pages from MS. D

A Votive Sculpture of Manasa

Manasa as Custodian of the Poison-pot Manasa on Sijuya Hill ...

Sankha and Dhanvantari

. Jhampan Ceremony (1951)

Hematala-danda Votive Images from West Assam

Frontispiece

186 224

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INTRODUCTION

1. Manuscript MATERIAL

The text of Vipradasa’s Manasd-vijaya is based on four manuscript copies as described below.

MS A. It is MS No. G3529 belonging to the Asiatic Society (Government Collection) and containing folia 2-6, 9-23, 25-31 only. These folia show four handwritings. Fol. 2-6, 9-11 and 17 were copied by KeSavaram (or Ramakesav) Simha of Anarpur near Datta- pukhariya (2a, 4b, 17b); fol. 12 by Ramajay Basu of Canak (120); fol. 13-16 by Laksmikanta Basu ; and fol. 19 by Pratapanarayan Basu of Jaguliya (29b). The MS. was copicd for one Gokulacandra Simha. The date of the MS. does not seem to be later than the middle of the eighteenth century.

MS B. It is MS No. G 3530 belonging to the Asiatic Society (Government Collection) and containing folia 2-45, 102-126 and I3I- 138. These folia belonged originally to two different MSS. which I have indicated as Ba and Bb. Ba contains the folia 2-45, copied by Krsnacandra Mitra. Bb comprises the folia 102-126 (two folia bear- ing the number 122) and 131-138, copied by five hands. Fol. 102, 115, 118, 123, 124, 126, 134 and 137 were copied by Gopinath Simha of Dattapukhuriy4 (102a, 118a, 123b, 7342); fol. 103-106 by Rama- prasad Simha of the same village (103b, 10670); fol. 108 by Ram- Devagarman ; fol. 132 by Iocan Napit; and fol. 138 by Srigopal Simha(?). Bb carries the story to the end of Pala IX and seems to have ended there (‘‘sarn midam’’).

The copyist of Ba mentions that the 28th day of Asadha was “asadhi ptirnima’’ (37b). From this datum Mr. Nirmal Chandra Lahiri (at the instance of Mr. Taponath Chakravarti) has calculated some dates of which I accept 1740 or 1759 as the probable date of copying.

Gopinath Simha, a copyist of Bb, has supplied this information which may help to fix up his date: ‘‘pargane Ana(ra)pur 1ja(ra)dar Sriyu(ta) Durgaégati Bas (Basu ? Ray ?) deoyan $n Kaliprasad Simha’’ (7175).

A very interesting common feature of MSS A and B is a rather unique phenomenon in MS copying. It is a well known fact that the copyists of Bengali MSS write the name of the protecting deities of their own or of their patron, if there is some space vacant at the end of the last line in a page. The writers of MSS A and B_ have done the same quite frequently, but some of them have done more. They have sometimes made filthy insinuations against their patrons or themselves. Thus: A—‘‘Sri Gokul Simha sdsuriya’’ (6b), ‘‘Srijut

A

ii MANASA-VIJAYA

Gokulacandra Simha .sdsure haiyachen saksi Sri Kesavaram Simha’”’ (13a). Bb—‘‘Sri Gupinath Simha sasuriya’’ (115b); ^" Gupinath Simha mamiya haiyache’’ (118a); ‘‘Sri Gopinath Simha s&suriya jhiya mamiya’’ (12670) ; ‘‘Sri Krsnamangal Simha s&suriya’’ (103a) ; ‘‘ami sasuri nibakaya’’ (? 7048).

These statements shoulc. not be taken seriously. They are of the nature of magic incantations giving protection from the wrath of Manasa or from general evil. Obscenity was once an important feature of magic cults that had gathered round Manas& worship, and in vedic lore Arayi is called duynamni. The statements however indicate a

remarkable survival.

MS C. It is MS No. 403 belonging to Burdwan Sahitya Sabha, and is a transcript made at my request by the late Sudhir Kumar Mukherji from an incomplete MS in the possession of the late Akhil Chandra Basu of Chota Jaguliya.

MS D. It 15 MS No. 1803 belonging to Visva-Bharati. It is the only complete MS and is undoubtedly the prototype of C. The MS belonged to the collection of the late Sasi Bhusan Basu of Chota Jagu- livia and has come into the possession of Visva-Pharati only recently. MS D not only carries the poem to the end but fills up important lacunae presented by the others MSS and offers some important variants. It contains fol. 1-135 and 1-4. Fol. 1-135 was written by Jayadev Nandi a resident of the ‘central locality’ (‘‘majer para’’) of (Chota) Jaguliya. He commenced copving on the toth Caitra 1235 (= April 1825) and started as a preamble, with the following hymn to the sun-god by onc Vaficharim Ghosa.

Ary ांखत-नदतं जओौव। श्रव ats BINH यैन यक्त मा तरथि | यैन कृण्म oa fats '्यश्र-खांङ) BETS vey विथुश्ट्रख-। | फूरक्र्ब-तोटम्रक (व्‌ शोन्-विर्यिनि eae fag शश्र aera कितने | यावर a Sq (मवं SA खिन Srey कन wa गौकि[टन] नग्ना | fofica खादृ Pafs छन खवमत्र carry Bucy (कव GaAs अमत्र | feats ae कर्म (्वटनां का छिव QS एष AE SF खट्जीएत्र |

1 This is the manuscript copy of Vipradasa’s poem mentioned by Janab Abdul Karim in his Pracin Ranyalé Puthi Vivaran part 1, no. 2.

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INTRODUCTION ili

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Fes A AT व्र STA “ST | afaas सिट pep नारि waar सखभित्रि cace छि atsretat ater | fasraal (श्रैटन Ufa Gry fatsizg

< शेग खनित्र (गक्रषक Pers | ऊवटन।टक्‌ KF WC लटन एक-कणि aca यटडपत शशेन मिनि सत्र वाणि | ब्रङ्-गडपन aay कञ्चि qafsfs

षट्च मटर मटमं त्रम वट& पिनि | Roasts पिनां Be (खरे. नटन

नग्न खांत्र गनि ora कि कतविट्र 117s | Tera (वास्‌ कट्‌ कत्रि Te छव्‌ कनं वदना कत्र कत्र कमना क्व्‌

निशिद्ड यात्रा दषेन मन ३२७० छात्रिथं पए मदक Aye GAA नन्ी- मः STON |

Fol. 1-4 at the end is a copy made in 1896 from the damaged

folium 136 of Jayadev Nandi’s MS. The copyist Nabin Candra

Cakravarti minutely initiated the manner of Vipradasa in giving in the colophon some particulars about himself and his family.

नोराशव्र-विष-रड Dasa ary feast वमछि (ष्टोफे-णौश्टन थोग | वांखंख cite sient ae (वृतु मांमटवम FYq “tel एवि Aaya | Brats wate कनौ कनि sale मनमा-कभंग्र Sra र्ट्‌ निथुन |

ओनरीनरल एकवर्खी माकि cers कोर्नीगरां (कन २९ tt मव्‌-छिङिणिन arate कांङ्ट्कि गामि जनो व्रानिट्हट जाट Ferre ates Ferd

iv MANASA-VIJAYA

नङ्क (मांयवाबािकव्र५क Gafeet पिवटम acai गर छिन ater निरि Sd काोडिक्‌ ५७०७ जांटन MASA THM Sy

Nabin also copied from Jayadeva Nandi’s copy up to the end of Pala iii (fol. 1-40).

All the MSS of Vipradasa’s poem were written for persons belong- ing to the Simha and Basu families residing in the contiguous villages Dattapukhur and (Chota) Jaguliya, a few miles to the east of Barasat, a subdivisional headquarter of the district of 24-Parganas. <A, C and D come from the same prototype, and B points out to another which differed from the first prototype only in having some minor additions and changes. 5B generally follows a less orthodox orthography and contains larger traces of the local dialect (i.e. ‘i’ for ‘e’ and ‘u’ for ‘o’). It also regularly confuses between post-consonantal ‘ya’ and ‘ya’, and it almost always omits nasalisation. A, C and D generally render the final ‘a’ as ‘o’. Both B and D often write final ‘ye’ (‘e’) as ‘ya’.

2. AUTHORSHIP AND DATE

In the introductory portion of the poem (i 4) the author has given some account of himself and his family, and following the custom of early Bengali poctry he has always added his name in the final couplet of every poem. In fact it is the name of the poet (technically known as ‘bhanita’) together with the name of the deity appealed to by him that sometime indicates the end of a poem (‘padavali’). According to his own account Vipradasa belonged to a brahman family of ‘‘Pipilai’’? (<(pa:ppalada २) sub-clan of the Vatsya clan (gotra) belonging to the school of Samaveda. The family, for a long time, was living in the village Badudya (v.l. Nadudya) near Bata- grama. The poct had three brothers, and their father was Mukunda Pandita. On a night in the month of Vaisdkha (April-May) in the Saka year 1417 (=1495, or 1496 if it is atitabda), when king Husain Shah was supreme in Gaur, Vipradasa had a visit from Manasa in his sleep. The poet dreamt that the goddess sat at the top of his bed and told him to write her ritual poem (‘‘vrata-gita’’). That is why Vipradasa composed this ritual poem in accordance with the Séstra.

There is possibly a reference to a contemporary person Srimanta Raya occurring in the colophon of a poem (v 14). If it is not an interpolation the poet was an employee of this person.

As the MS copies of the poem are very late considering the date of its composition it is not unexpected that there would be interpola- tions and emendations. The language as well as the vocabularly has

INTRODUCTION

been to some extent modernised but not as much as could have been expected in a work of this type, and this is due to the poem remaining confined to a very narrow locality. An obvious interpolation is the mention of Kharadaha (now Khardah) as a “‘holy seat’’ (‘Sripata’). Such pre-eminence of the place dates from the middle of the sixteenth century when Nityananda settled down here. In this connection Kalikata (Calcutta) also is mentioned. But this portion, narrating Cando’s journey downstream from Saptagrama, is not repeated when Cando recounts in detail his voyage from home to Patana. There is little doubt that the earlier narrative (ix 4) is a singer’s elaboration made at a much later date.

3. THE Porm

The story of Manasaé is narrated by (10720858 as 2 unitary narrative, the different episodes having been given a_ balanced and proportionate treatment. There is no tendency here, as in the works of all other writers of the genre, to give the canvas almost entirely to the Behula episode alone. On reading the pocm one is_ convinced that Vipradasa has given us an old, genuine and simple version of the Manasa saga.

In the whole of Middle Bengali literature there is never a tale more simply and effectively told than Vipradasa’s narrative. The characters are well drawn and seldom cxaggerated ; neither the divine nor the mortal figures are shorn of human traits. Vipradasa was fully equipped with all the items of the contemporary vernacular poet’s craft but his learning did not lead him away from his theme. His sincerity and faith saved his poem from pedantic verbosity and lurid vulgarity.

The poem is a narrative that was sung and chanted, and its chanting formed an important part of the ritualistic worship of Manasa. So Vipradasa has more than once called his work ‘Ritual Song’ (vrata- gita). As a_ specific title he has called it either Manasd-vijaya (six times) or Manasaé-mangala (nine times).!. Since no other writer of the genre has ever used the title Manasaé-vijaya it is accepted here as the specific title of Vipradasa’s narrative.

The following names of melodies (7déga) in which the poems in the narrative used to be sung or chanted appear in the manuscript copies. Some of these names are obviously late , e.g. ‘‘behag’’ and ‘‘iman’’; but it does not necessarily mean that these melodies were known by the same names in the late fifteenth century. | | Ahiri (iii r ; xii 18 ; xiii 1) ; Iman (v 10; vi 3) ; Kau (iii 4, 147; Vi 15 ; viii 16 ; xii 31, 51) ; Kalyana (viii 3) ; Kanara (v 6) ; Kamada

a

> Once (xiii 4) Manasd-carita also appears.

vi MANASA-VIJAYA

(i 1; wi 6; viii 18; xii 3, 16, 21) ; Kedara (vi 17 ; x 19) ; Gandhara (xii 34); Gauri (v 11); Jbarikhandi (iv 6; v 8); Dhanasi (vi II; xn 4, 38 ; xiii 12) ; Nata or Nata (1 14; 11 13; iv 3, 8; v 135 1X 33; 47; xiil 2" ; Patamafijari (i 12, 19; li 6, 9, 14; ili 3, vv; iv 15; viii 6, I4; ix 8; x 10; xi 4); Pahira or Pahari (ii 13 ; iv 19; vii 12; 4; x 8; ज्वा 48); Purabi (iv 13); Prabhati (iv 24) ; Parari (vii 2; iX 7; X1I, 9; xliig); Vasanta (i 9; xi 2); Bagesvari (iv 5, 18) ; Behag (vi 10) ; Bhatiyari (vn 3, 6; xi 8) ; Bhairavi (v 2, 12; x 15; 11 7, Ig) ; Mangala (xii 22) ; Mallara (v 23 ; viii 20) ; Maharati (i 27 ; li 4, 5; 15; xX 2; xi 11); Malasi (viii 2 ; xii 49) ; Sri (i 8; iv 2, 9, Il; vi2, 7,18; vil7; x 14, 17; xii 7, 27; xiii 3); Sindhura or sindhu ( ro; i112; 19: x 4; आखा 5); Suhai or Sui (i 16; ii 2, II ; vill 9; ix 5; xi 6).

The following terms indicate manner of chanting: Karuna, Jamaka-chanda, Paydra, Paimecali (or Tripadi).2 The mystic verses (111 9 ; vil 11) are called ‘Mantrajata.’

4. ANTIQUITY OF THE SAGA

The story of Manasi and the connected episodes have been treated by scveral writers from the end of the fifteenth century and up to the end of the ninetcenth. The variations in the theme are minor but not always without significance. The different episodes in the saga have been sometimes treated differently and some episodes have often been ignored altogether or modified beyond recognition. With the progress of time the last episode of the saga, the story of Behula, gathered importance so that by the eighteenth century it practically occupied the entire stage. The popularity of the story made it open to all sorts of accretions and emendations at the hand of writers and scribes and in the mouth of singers. But the theme had never lost its connection with the worship of the goddess of snakes, and this acted as a check to any fundamental change.

Some of the basic elements of the Manasa saga are to be traced in vedic literature and tradition, and others to the puranic.* As a@ good parallel of the Savitri-Satyavan episode, where also the husband was a victim to snake-bite and the young wife won back her husband irom Yama (as against Behula who brought her husband back from the domain of Manasd-Neto i.e., vedic Yami), the story of Behula and Lakhindara possibly existed in some form in the early centuries of the Christian era. Vipradasa’s poem presents the saga in an well-deve- loped form indicating previous literary cultivation for a pretty long

1 1६ probably means any melody that could be sung in the morning. 2 Payara and Tripadi iater came to mean the two main varities of the Bengali metre.

* See Notes pp. 295ff, 307, 309.

INTRODUCTION vii

time. The names Cando and Behul4 bear the stamp of antiquity. The positive evidence that the saga did not originate at the close of the fifteenth century' is not lacking. From some of the esoteric verses current among the Nath (or Gorakhiya) Yogis of Western India (manuscript evidence not later than the sixteenth century—) it appears that the story of Manasa and of Neto washing clothes at Triveni was familiar to them and they used it as allegorical representation of some yogic processes. That the story came from Eastern India is apparent from the language of these verses.

canda-gota khuta karilai siirij karilai pati

ahanisi dhobi dhobai triveni ka ghati * ‘The moon is made the post and the sun the board ; dav and night the washerwoman does her washing on the bank at Triveni.’

canda karile khuta surij karile pat nita utha dhobi dhobai triveni ke ghit.® ‘The moon is made the post and the sun the board ; always’ the the washerwoman comes up and does her washing on the bank of Triveni.’ Manasa’s water sport in Kalidaha and her residence on Sijuya are implied in the following : mana-sarovar manasa jhulati avai gagana-mandal matha-mamdhai re. ‘Manasa comes to sport in the Jake Mana(sa) ; (her) temple and pavi- lion are in the dome of the sky.’

What is more interesting is that to the Gorakhiya yogis the Manasa saga is older than the Ramiavena, not to say of the Mahablarata,. and in this reference to the Manasaé saga they mean Cando’s uncqual conflict with the goddess of the snakes.

sata jug madhe jug ek racila visahar ek nipaya gyan-bihinam gan gandhrap abadhi sab-hi dasi dasi khaya. treta jug madhe jug doi racila rama ramdin kinham nar bandar sab lari lari miiye tin bhi gyan na cinham.

1 The episode of Mapas&’s encounter with Hasan and Hosen no doubt indicates a date later than the carly thirteenth century but for this episode only. But then it is possibly a post-Turki conquest version of Manasi's conflict with Yama. 7 | |

> Gorakh-vani (ed. Dr. Pitambarddas Barthwal, 1942) p. 151.

= Ibid. p. 155. 4 There is a gun in ‘nita’; it also implies Neto.

9 Gorakh-véni p. 105.

viii MANASA-VIJAYA

dvapar jug madhe jug tini racile bahu dambar bahu bhara? kairau pandau lari lari miye narad kiya samghar. kali jug madhe jug cari racila cukila cara vicdra ghari ghari dandi ghari ghari vadi ghari ghari kathan-haram? ‘In Satya-yuga the first epoch (or epic) was made and a serpent was fashioned ; (she) bit and bit and killed the host of the Gandharva that was robbed of the Knowledge.

‘In Treta-yuga the second epoch (or cpic) was made, and Rama did the Ramayana ; men and monkeys fought and fought and died, and the three had no inkling of the Knowledge.

‘In Duadpara-yuga the third epoch (or epic) was made,—of much ado and of great weight (i.e. the Mahabharata); the Kauravas and Pandavas fought and fought and died, and Narada made the end (i.e. compilation).

‘In Kali-yuga the fourth epoch has becn made, and there is an cnd to good conduct and discretion ; in every home there 15 quarrel, in every home wrangling and in every home talkers.’

Stories concerning magas and their cult were not unknown in Middle Indo-Aryan, specially in Buddhistic literature. But these stories do not have any direct connection with the Middle Bengali Manasa saga. Nevertheless there are some common clements, and these ele- ments are found in the Bhuridatta-jataka in Pali.*? This story is divid- ed into eight khandas, which reminds us of a similar division of the Manasa saga.4 The whirlpool in the Yamuna under which was the dominion of the ndadgas corresponds to Kaélidaha of the Bengali story. The young ndga widow (matapatika naga-mdnavika) seeking a hus- band in the world of man is strongly reminiscent of Manasa& as a brah- man widow. The attack of the naga king Dhatarattha and his serpent host upon the city of Kasi bears strong resemblance to Manasa’s attack upon the dominion of Hasan. The loss of one eye of the young serpent Arittha (which gave him the name Kanarittha, ‘Arittha the one-eyed’), is paralleled by the incident of Manasa’s loss of one eye. Lastly the contest between the serpent prince Sudassana and the poison doctor Alamba(ya)na (or Alampayana) reminds us of the contest bet- ween the serpent Sankha and the doctor Dhanvantari although the results of the two contests are not the same.

1 It should be read ‘bahu dambar mahabhiar.’

2 Gorakh-vani p. 123.

3 Jataka vi 543.

* Another ndga story, Vidhuva-jataka (545), is also divided into khandas.

INTRODUCTION ix

5. VERSIONS OF THE SAGA

The Manas4 saga in vernacular poetry shows two main versions, Southern and Northern. The Southern has two subordinate versions, West Bengal and East Bengal, and the Northern also two, North Bengal (including Kamrup) and Bihar. The Southern version is fully represent- ed by Vipradasa’s poem, and all the episodes are included here. In the Northern version Manasa is also known as Totala (Totala), and Ganga as a wife of Siva appears here in an important role in the intro- ductory episode. It is also mentioned that she bore Siva two sons Dangura and Mahananda. Here Candi (Durga) appears as the foster- daughter of the sage (vs1) Hemanta, and it is mentioned, not casually, that Siva had enjoyed her before she was marricd to him. The incident of Lakhindara ravishing his maternal aunt Kausalya is also peculiar to the Northern version. The story of Hasan and Hosen appears to have been rather neglected here.

The main difference betwcen the West Bengal and East Bengal versions lies in the omission of the detailed account of creation and elaborate insertion of the Puranic stories of Siva, Sati and Parvati in the latter. The incident of the farmer Bachai is also peculiar to the East Bengal version. The title ‘Padmapurana’ never occurs in the West Bengal pocms.

The Behar version differs from the Northern in having five sisters Manasa and in retaining only the Cando-Behula-Lakhindara story.

A. THe West BENGAL VERSION

The West Bengal version is represented by a host of Manasé- mangala writers, of whom the following are worth mention: Visnu Pala, Ketakadasa and two other poets 2150 calling themselves Ksema- nanda, Sitaram Dasa, Rasik Misra and Banegvar Ray.

I. VISNU PALA

Visnu Pala’s Manasamangala is known in a complete and in a few fragmentary manuscripts. The complete MS.' however has some lacunae owing to its defective prototype. Nothing is known about the poet except his name. The manuscripts have all been collected from West Burdwan and Birbhum, and there is a very strong imprint of the local speech in the language. For an historical study of the dialect of north Radha the work of Visnu Pala is invaluable. On the evidence of the handwriting and paper the MS cannot be dated anterior to the middle of the eighteenth century, and we cannot safely allow more than a century for the poet. Until new evidence comes up Visnu Pala may be dated in the later half of the seventcenth century.

1 The Asiatic Society MS. no. G 4993. B

x MANASA-VIJAYA

Visnu Pala has recognised _the traditional division of the saga into *“Deva-khanda’ and ‘Vanik-khanda’' but there is also the usual divi- sion into sections (‘pala’). Visnu Pala’s poem is interesting from various other points. It presents the saga in a purely ‘‘folk’’ version, and luckily there is little evidence of the usual discipline of the con- temporary poet’s craft, and there are many items that throw light on some dark spots in the history of the cult.

The following variations in the story are interesting:

Manasa turned herself into a white spider and was brought home by Siva in his flower basket. She was discarded in the forest by Brahma, and Neto was born out of the sweat wrung out by Brahma from his napkin. Brahma gave her a _ good education and sent her to Manasa. Manasa and Neto were established on Sijuya Hill. Then follows this new episode.

Angry with Siva for bringing home Manasa Durga (i.e. Candi) had already left for her father’s place. After sending Neto to Manasa Brahma hurried home to intercept the goddess. Failing to persuade her he came back and reported to Siva. Siva turned himself into a Mussalman soldier and took his station in a shanty that stood ahead on Durga’s way. Visnu Pala describes him thus:

nil dhari pare kiba dostar mathay

khara churi nila yauvan avatar

cina sandes nila bokca bandina.

parvatir age pathe rahila darana. ‘He wore a blue loin cloth, and what a turban on the head! He held a sword and a knife,—a Yavana incarnate. He took

flattened rice and swects and made a bundle of them, and stood waiting ahead on the way of Parvati.’

To separate the goddess from her two sons Siva brought down a rain storm. The boys ran one way and Parvati another. She saw the shanty, took shelter in it and met the sentry. He ravished her and the result was the birth of the brothers Hasan and Husen.

Then comes another innovation. Varuna was practising penance at the sea-coast for a very long time. To entice him home his wife Maitra came there and tried all her charms on her husband. The result was that Varuna spilled his seed and Agastya was born. It was Agastya that commissioned a parrot to bring tamarind which fell down into the sea and turned its milk-water into curd.

According to Visnu Pala Manasa’s mount or chariot is Madhai. This is reminiscent of the ‘‘honey-hucd’’ (madhuvarna) or ‘‘honey-bearing”’

‘deva-khanda gela ebe benyad-khanda dila’ (20 4a).

INTRODUCTION xi

(madhuvahana) car of the AsSvins in RV. The poct however later mentions Madhai as the driver of Manasa’s car.?

The story of Hasan and Husen is told claborately, and _ its preamble is interesting as it reveals a vedic trait in the make up of Manasa. It was the custom of the goddess to come out in her chariot and survey her domain. One day she found that Hasan was her neighbour and he was waxing strong. Some of her brahman worshippers complained to her regarding Hasan’s opposition to Hindu practices. This was how Manasa turned her wrath to Hasan. This is Visnu Pala’s description of Hasan’s town Hasanhati:

phire madhai dori dori hindu musalman cinibare nari bhai sabar hate churi katari. darun kukurar rol visama bajiche dhol ghane ghana chariche haai kalu turka mochalman magyer pate bhat khan sokharite na dey gomay. (madhai) gela re kasa@er hat mas bice mathay pag kapilar mainsa tule dhari sekhane darana bhai debir madhai re pran kampae tharahari. (midhai) gela re sauer hat natini puriche nat eusti bhajhina khay cur sekhane darana bhai तलाः madhai re pran kampac duradur. Sani-mangal-bare bat pariche hasaner hat tay bikay rasun peyaj nora nori kata bajare bikay bhai ar bikay Satesvari har.? ‘Madhai walked from door to door, and he could not distinguish between a Hindu and a Mussalman ; cvery man was carrying knives and choppers. Cocks were crowing, drums were being beaten relentlessly, and rockets were being fired repeatedly. The black Turks (?), Mussalmans, ate from the same plate with their wives, and they did not cleanse (the spot where the plates were laid) with cowdung. Madhai then came to butchers’ stalls where the butchers, with turbans on head, were weighing beef, and there Madhai of the goddess stood and his heart was shak- ing. Madhai then went over to wine merchants’ stalls where dancing girls were dancing, and frying meat they eat it with wine (?) ; standing there Madhai of the goddess was quaking in 1 There is a description of the car and the horse (20b-21a). 2 Fol. 22b. A somewhat similar description of a bazar in a Mussalman town occurs in Vidydpati’s Kirtilata.

xii MANASA-VIJAYA

his heart. On Saturdays and Tuesdays Hasan’s market assembled along the highway, and garlic and onion were sold there. In the bazar so many big and small stone rollers were sold, and were sold necklaces with a hundred strings.’

The story of the cowherds is introduced to give the goddess an excuse to attack Hisan. After Hasan’s submission Manasa came to Cando’s town, and took her station on the branch of a white silk cotton tree (‘basila Sveta simuler dale’). She was pleased with the pros- perous look of the place and would like to have her snakes kill the people so that the place could be bodily transferred to her domain.

Neto stopped her from realising her wish and pointed out Cando. Cando too saw Manasa and at once struck his magic weapon. A branch of the tree fell down and Manasa thanked her stars for the narrow escape. She then darted her magic arrow of fire, but it only removed Cando’s moustache and beard. Cando laughed heartily at the failure of the goddess and he ridiculed the latter for doing a barbar’s job (27b-29b).

Manasa then turned her attention to Sankha Dhanvantari. When Dhanvantari was dead Manas&i came to Brahma and reported her victory. But the god scolded her for killing her own husband. Manasa protested that the fact was not known to her, The gods ina body repaired to the place where the great poison doctor was cremated, and throwing sacred water on the ashes they resurrected Dhan- vantari. As the latter sat up Madhai approached him as a barber and held a mirror before him. The doctor saw that his face was dis- figured by fire, and he would not like to face the world of men. He preferred to become a ‘raj-sap’ (‘‘king-snake’’, or ‘‘chain snake’’) and dwell in the lower region.

patal-pure jay roja raj-sarpa hana

galae tule nila mata har karina.

gan kavi visnu-pal visaharir bar muniraj rahila maer galar upar. (36b)

‘The poison doctor went down ito the city in Patdla, turning himself into a ra@jasarpa, and the mother (i.e. Manasa) took him up and wore him as her necklace. By the grace of Visahari the poet Visnu Pala sings: the king of sages remained on the neck of the mother.’

In the story of the fishermen brothers there is a slight addition ; they werc arrested for neglecting Cando’s order and put in prison. They were presently set free by the goddess.

When Manas&, disguised as Cando’s sister-in-law, tricked him out of his Great Knowledge and magic possessions she also took away the golden image of his tutelary deity GandheSari (45b).

INTRODUCTION xiii

Visnu Pala’s description of the disposal of the dead bodies of Cando’s sons is very intercsting.? On the occasion of the sinking of the boats Visnu Pala has

narrated an altercation betwecn Candi and Manasa and a fight between the hosts of the two goddesses (60a-6ra).

On her journey to Triveni with the dead body of her husband Behula had passed by Kalidaha. There she dived under seven palm trees’ depth of water and reached the ‘“‘pavilion of decay and death”’ (‘jarani mandap’). She passed through the door and saw the bodies of the six brothers of her husband hanging from the roof. She felt afraid and shy and quickly returned to the raft (g8ab).

As in Vipradasa’s poem Triveni was beyond Caumukha, where the sacred river forked into four channels.

On the occasion of Neto taking Behula to the domain of Yama to find the body of Lakhindara which was temporarily missing Visnu Pala has given a long account of Yama-puri (10rb-106a).

Before Manasa attempted te resurrect Lakhindara she recounted to Behula the indignities she had suffered for twelve months at the hand of Lakhindara’s father. This poem bears the signature of Khema- nanda Das (‘‘devir baramasya gay Khemanandadasa’’).?

When Cando ultimately had worshipped Manasa the goddess told him to worship Neto. The latter on her part asked him to worship Madhai, and at the later’s requcst he worshipped the serpent Kalli.

The poem closes with a brief reference to Manasa& worship as a ritual in marriage ceremony.

KETAKADASA (KSEMANANDA [)

Ketakadasa called himself Ksemananda also, and this title or sobriquet or name was borne by a few other poets writing on the saga of Manasa. Ketakadasa belonged to the district of Burdwan, and this is revealed by his laying the route of Bchula’s journey to Triveni along the Banka, an old course of the Damodar that once joined the Ganga a few miles up Triveni. The poet probably belonged to the middle of the seventeenth century.* Kcetakadiisa’s complcte poem has _ not been recovered. As a matter of fact no manuscript copy of his poem contains more than one or two sections of the saga.* The story of

1 See Notes p. 306.

Actual reading is ‘gunakhemadiase’ (1c9b-110l).

3 Vide Bangala Sahityer Itihds by Sukumar Sen vol. i (second edition), ए. 476 ff. ˆ An attempt has been made by Mr. Jatindramohan Bhattacharya (Ketakdddsa-ksemananda-racita Manasdmangala, Calcutta University 1943, 1949) to, present a complete version. But the edition is in no sense complete.

xiv MANASA-VIJAYA

Cando, Lakhindara and Behula is the biggest and the most important part. This story as an independent poem has been enjoying great popularity from the beginning, and this popularity is reflected in its being printed in several editions beginning from 1844. What is more it was translated almost faithfully into Sanskrit verse by Bhagavan- candra Visarada a Sanskrit teacher in Hooghly Normal School. This translation was published in 1877 under the title Behula-lakhindaram.

The following are the important points of divurgence in the tales of Manasa as told by Ketakadasa.

The milk-water of the celestial sea was curdled at the instance of Siva, and Cando came out of the sea at the tenth churning while poi- son came out at the twelfth. Manasa’s eye was disabled by charcoal burn, no doubt brought about by her step-mother. Manasa made friends with Kamala when the poison dector was away at Kamarupa, and the poet has given a short description of the ceremony of making friends (‘sahela’). When Dhanvantari told his wife his vital secrets the goddess heard it, hiding herself as a white fly. The secrets were these:

prajapati mantra dila ksiroder tire sat brahma-til mor Sirer upare. udayakal sarpa ache maheser jate sc yadi khaite pare nasikar bate sat brahma-til yadi eke vare lay tabe se mariba ami bol nisay.

‘Brahma gave me the mantra on the beach of Ksiroda, and seven tiny marks of Brahma appeared on my head. There is the snake Udayakala hidden in Siva’s matted locks ; if it can get inside me by the nose and strike and if the seven tiny marks of Brahma disappear simultancously then indeed I shall die. This is a sure thing.’?

The story of Usa and Aniruddha is given in. detail.

KsEMANANDA II

Ketakadasa (Ksemananda J) was, probably a kayastha. The second Ksemananda was a brahman (कर्द) and he has often mentioned that he came of the family of Shahzada Ray (‘sajada-rayer vam§$a’). He has also mentioned that he was a resident of the village Cintitapur. The poet belonged to west Radha. The poem of this second Ksema- nanda is known only in a fragmentary manuscript.?

1The ‘‘tiny mark of Rama’’ ( ‘ramatil’ ‘) is mentioned also in Vijaya Gupta’s version.

> Calcutta University MS. no. 4594.

INTRODUCTION xv

A MS' of the story Jaiu and Malu (‘‘jalia jalan pala’’) reveals a Manasamangala poet calling himself Kavicandra and belonging to the family of Shahzada Ray. This poet has mentioned his son Raghuvir and his place of residence Syamadasa-pur. It is just possible that Kavicandra is the same person as Ksemananda II, or that both have dealt with common stock emanating from a common ancestor.

KSEMANANDA Ill

The work of Ksemananda III, was discovered by Basanta Ranjan Ray? in a manuscript copied in the Kaithi variety of Devanagri script in 1817 at a village near Purulia in the district of Manbhum. Only the story of Cando-Lakhindara-Behula is treated. The story presents some marked affinity with the Bihar version. Cando lost his six sons and boats on his return journey from Simhala. After meeting Neto (who is regularly called Dubini and only once Nitai) Behula left the body of her husband on a platform of flowers (or in a flower garden) and walked up to the domain of the gods. The poem is a very small one but not without narrative skill.

SITARAM DAs

Sitaram Das belonged to south Radha, and he wrote a Dharma- mangala poem in 1698.3 Ten years later (1708) he composed a Manasamangala poem which he has called Kamalad-mangala or Kamala- kirtana. The poem is known in manuscript copies of individual episodes or sections of the saga. These manuscripts mostly belong to the last decade of the eighteenth century.* The poet had before him another poem which he had read before attempting his own. So he says addressing the goddess Manasa who was worshipped as Gajalaksmi by the family:

dekhaite sarani jabe diya gele puthi Apanar gune git Suna go jagati.

‘As you had left me a written book to show the way, now by your own goodness, O Jagati, listen to this song.’

There is little doubt that Sitaram had before him the poem of Ketakadasa.

1 AS MS. G4997. Vide Badngdla Sahityer Jtihds 1 p. 490.

2 Published under the title Ksemdnader Manasdmangal (1909)

Vide Bangdla Sahityer Itihas i p 539f€; also p 4gof.

4 The date is given in Malla year 1014 (‘‘Sasi vindu candra veda’’).

5 Sahitya-Sabha (Burdwan) MSS no. ०५, 611-617; Sdhitya-Parisad MS no. 24:4 Vide Bardhaman Salutya-Sabhaé Prakdsikd no. 2 p 198f ; ‘Sitarimdaser Manasamangala’ by Taraprasanna Bhattacharya in Narayan vol. 5, part I, no. 1, p 64ff.

xvi MANASA-VIJAYA

The story of Hasan is: dealt with elaborately by Sitaram, and so also the Puranic story of Usé and Aniruddha. Cando was so called as he had caught the moon. This is indeed an explanation of the fuller name Candradhara. The most important feature of Sitaram’s poem 15 Manasa’s worship of Dharmna on the bank of the Balluka.

Rastk Misra

Rasik Misra originally belonged to west Radha but he shifted his residence to south Radha. His poem is known in some fragmentary MSS.' Rasik had the titles ‘‘Sri-kavivallabha’’ and ‘‘Sri-kavikan- kana.’’ He calls his pocm Jagati-mangala also. Rasik’s work bears some affinity with that of Visnu Pal. The mystic verses uttered by the goddess when she cured Siva and others from the effects of poison are the same.

BANESVAR RAY

BaneSvar’s poem is known in 2 single fragmentary MS.* He pro- bably belonged to the family ot Shahzida Ray. The poem was writ- ten in 1719.

B. Tue East BENGAL VERSION

In East Bengal the saga of Manasa has been generally called Padmapurdn. The worship of the goddess of snakes has been as popular as almost an item of domestic routine, and so verses or ballads re- counting the greatness of the goddess obtained a familiarity unknown in the western part of the country. This is why the names of writers (and singers) of Manasamangala in East Bengal are legion and why no work, neither a single manuscript nor a single published volume, bears less than half a dozen signatures. No such manuscript is older than the middle of the eighteenth century, and in the case of some poets no manuscript material is available. The source of many printed editions of Padmapuradn was the professional singers who had never been un- mindful of putting in their signatures whenever they could. It is extremely difficult to separate the names of the poets from those of the singers, and the editors of the printed works have not been helpful. On the other hand they (specially the later ones) have been often zealous in putting in bulk and adding polish to their material which was suffi- ciently late. Some editors have interpolated chronogram couplets to ensure incontestible antiquity for their poets.

Four East Bengal poets of the Manasa saga (rather four readings of the saga assigned to four poets) are Narayan Dev, Vamsidas, Vijay Gupta and Sasthivar

1 AS MS. G 4970; CU MSS. 1970, 2071, 1516. Vide Bangala Sahityer Itihas vol. x p 488f; Bardnamdn Sdhitya-Sabhaé Prakdsika no. 2 p 2off.

2 AS (> 5405; Vide Rangala Sdhityer Itthds t p 7858.

INTRODUCTION XVvil NARAYAN Dev

Narayan Dev is undoubtedly the oldest of the M anasamangala poets in East Bengal. His date cannot be determined, but it cannot be put later than the seventeenth century. He belonged to the village Bor-gram on the Brahmaputra in the district of Mymensingh. He was a kayastha, and his great grandfather had come from West Ben- gal (Radha) and settled there. It is not unlikely that this ancestor of Narayan also had brought in the Manasa saga from his old country.

In both manuscripts and printed editions’ the signature of Narayan Dev appears with those of Jagannath, Candrapati, Jayaram, Hari Datta, Janakinath, Kavicandra, Yadunath, Madhav, Balaram and Vaméidas. An Assamese version of the story of Lakhindara and Behula has been published,* and it contains the signature of Narayan Dev only.

According to Narayan Dev Neto was the elder sister of Manasi. As soon as born she was sent by Siva to live with Ganga. When Siva met Manasa for the first time at Kalidaha he attempted to make love to her and was smitten down by a deadly glance from Manasa. As she was being taken home in a flower basket by her father they met some cowherds grazing cattle. Manasa begged some milk from them. They refused and died. On Siva’s request the boys were brought back to life and they worhsipped her. Then the father and the daughter met the farmer Bachai who wanted to have the goddess as his wife. He too died and was brought back to life after her mother had promised to worship Manasa. This episode is peculiar to the East Bengal writers of the saga.

Triveni and other places on the Hooghly are mentioned by Narayan Dev (25 well as by Vijay Gupta) as lying on Behula’s way to the domain of the gods. This shows that the story had come from West Bengal. According to Ketakadasa and Narayan Dev Cando threw away his ‘‘Hematal’’ staff before worshipping the goddess.

VAMSIDAS

The full name is Vamsgivadan Cakravarti. He too belonged to Mymensingh, and he was thoroughly familiar with Narayan Dev’s poem. The poet cannot be dated beyond the early eighteenth century

1 One edition was published from Mymensingh in 1907. Calcutta University has published an edition prepared by Dr. Tamonash Chandra Das-Gupta (1942, 1949). This edition is based on an incomplete and defective manuscript the folia of which are not in proper order. Bhairav Chandra Sarma published an edition from Sylhet (1877). Here the only other signatures are those of Sasthivar and KavikeSgarti.

Published by Datta Baruya Brothers, Nalbari (19,48).

viii MANASA-VIJAYA

in spite of the chronogram appearing in one particular edition. The poem is known in a single MS' and in several editions.?, But every-. where there is more than one signature.*

The poet has given the name of his parents. A late tradition says that his daughter Candravati also wrote verses.‘ One is tempted to connect her name with that of Candrapati appearing in most of the East Bengal versions of the saga.

The following are the peculiaritics in the tale recounted by VamSidasa.

Manasa became a snake and bit Candi at the foot and took shelter ina Sij tree. As in Vijay Gupta the story of Bachai comes before that of the cowherds. Cando was the hermit Pasusakha in his former birth, He once saw two young birds floating down helplessly in a flooded stream and rescued them. These pets of his were eaten by a snake when he was absent for a while. This made him a _ sworn enemy of snakes. He threw himself into a forest blaze and was reborn as Cando. To trick him out of his magic power Manasa on the advice of Neta (i.e. Neto) met him in a forest where Cando was hunting. He was surprised to find such a young and handsome girl doing penance alone in a forest. Manasa told him that she was doing so in order to be able to take revenge on snakes as the husband of her elder sister had died of snakebite. She also told him that she had made a vow to marry only such a man as possessed the Great Know- ledge. Cando forthwith offered himself a candidate and said,

amake vivaha kara na bhabiha mane

sadai Sunibe vadya bisari-mundane ...

canda bale mahajnana Suna eka-mane

rai aksara matra kahi tava kane. Marry me and do not think twice ; you shall be always hearing the drums declaring the defeat of the goddess of the serpents. ... Cando said, ‘Do listen with undivided mind, and I am speaking into your ear the Great Knowledge consisting of only two syllables and a half’.’

On receiving the Great Knowledge the goddess disappeared. Candi consoled him in his sleep and advised him to commission Dhanvantari living in Sankhapur. Dhanvantari was first born out of the churning of the ocean. He was reborn in the royal family of Kasi and became known as the great poison doctor (‘‘garari’’ i.e.

1 Now in the collection of Bardwan Sahitya Sabha. The MS is about a hundred years old.

2 By tar the best is that published by Manimchan Das, Dacca. (1908).

* In the MS the only other signature is that of Narayan Dev. 1) the Dacca edition the signature of Piirnachandra Cakravarti, apparently a late

singer or copyist, occurs several times. 4Vide Bangéla Sahityer 71404; i } 471ff.

INTRODUCTION xix

parudika) Sankha. Once he caught an Udayakdla snake that was a sage’s pet, and the sage thereat had cursed him that he would die from a bite of such a snake. On Sankha’s supplications the sage was pleased to modify his curse to a death for twelve years only.? The dead bodies of the six sons of Cando were set adrift in the stream. Neta took them away and placed them in charge of the demoness (v@ksasi) Dhana.? This was also the fate of Dhanvantari and of his disciples Dhan& and Mana.

From Triveni Behula walked up to heaven, and leaving the body of her husband at the house of her friend Citrarekha she went to Siva’s place.

VIJAYA GUPTA

The version that goes by the name of Vijaya Gupta* has been published in various editions* none of which is based on any manuscript material. The chronogram which 15 generally quoted in discussions about the date of Vijaya Gupta is not genuine. But it is quite possible that the original form of the pocm (not the poem as we know it now) belonged to the sixteenth century. No edition presents less than half a dozen signatures.

The following are the important departures in the saga presented by ‘“‘Vijay Gupta.’’

After striking down with a poison glance Manasa, as in Vaméidas. hid herself in a Sij grove. Beside Net& Manasa had another friend or counsellor, Sugandhé.* Manasa had been delivered of eight nagas before Astika was born. The witches under the command of Candi made the young mother dry and she could not feed the young serpents. When Siva heard of it he made the divine cow fill up the river Dhaval. The serpents drank from it and thereby contaminated the river. Siva sipped some water and was stricken down. Manasa brought him back to life. Then comes the story of Kapila (here Surabhi) and her cali Manoratha, and the consequent story of the churning of the ocean— 211 very briefly told. Siva’s affection for Manasa and her néga sons became too much for Candi to bear, and Manasa had to leave Kailasa. She built her headquarters at Jayantinagar. When she sat in state Neta took her seat on the Ieft and Dhamu (Dhamai of Vipra- dasa and Madhai of Visnu Pala) stood in front.®

1‘‘mariya thakiba tumi dviidaSa - vatsara."’ 2 Dhand is obviously a mistake for ‘Jari’. She is mentioned as Taraka by Jagatjivan Ghosal and Visnu Pala. 3 Vide Badngdla Sahityer 17८10८5 1 p तजी. . The earliest is that by Rimacaran Siroratna published from Barisal (1896). The best is the edition of Nagendramohan Sengupta published from Calcutta. 5 ‘daine sugandha devi vame base ncta.”’ 6 “‘sammukhe dariy dhamu vam pase neta.’

` अभ MANASA-VIJAYA

Manasa’s spite against Cando began from the day when in his presence the snakes that draped the goddess ran away making her nude.

There is a very briefly mentioned incident that is peculiar to this version. Before the goddess approached the cowherds she had received worship from Latik a canddla that had gambled away everything he had possessed.

The dead body of Dhanvantari was deposited with Ganga.

Manasa approached Cando as a dancing girl and told him that she was a utsakanya, but if any one could somehow survive the first contact with her he would acquire immunity for ever. Cando lost his head and taught her his Great Knowledge so that she could at once bring him back to life. Manasa& Jearnt it and disappeared.

Lakhindara and Behul&é were accompanied by the priest Rongai Pandit on their return journey from the kingdom of the gods.

C. Tuer Nor1H BENGAL (AND KAMRUP) VERSION

The North Bengal version is represented by five poets: ‘‘Tantra’’ Vibhiti, Jagatjivan Ghosal, Manakar, Durgavar and Jivankrsna Maitra. Jagatjivan, Manakar and Durgavar belonged to Kamata- Kamartip, and the language of the works of the last two shows

imprint of Assamese. ‘*TANTRA’’ VIBHOT!

‘Tantra’ is generally believed to be a part of the name but such a name looks rather unusual. I prefer to take it as indicating the profession or caste (‘‘weaver’’) of the poet. No manuscript copy of Vibhuti’s poem, complete or otherwise, has yet been recovered, but his work has been partially preserved, having been incorporated in some manuscript copies of Jagatjivan’s poem as 15 signified by the signature of Vibhiti occurring in some passages ; e.g.,

totala-carane vibhiti gae. “Vibhiti sings at the fect of Totaila.’

tantra-vibhiti bale’ total avatar

cta bali gela Siva dharma piuyibar.? ‘Tantra-Vibhiti speaks of the birth of Totala ; saying this much Siva went out to worship Dharma.’

JAGATJIVANA GHOSAL

Jagatjivan’s poem is known in a few manuscript copies* most of which are mutilated. The poet mentions Pranandrayan of Coochbehar

1 MS reads ‘‘pade’’. It may be an error for ‘‘bade’’ (<vadati) as

well.

2CU MS. 3180 fol. 6b, roa.

3 The MS collected by Mr. Asutosh Das, M.A., is old and good. It does tot contain any other signature.

INTRODUCTION xxi

as the lord of the country he belonged to. His native village was Kuciyamora' Jagatjivana therefore belonged to the middle of the seventeenth century. |

The peculiarities in the story as told by Jagatjivan are as follows.

When the three brothers Brahma, Visnu and Siva cremated the dead body of their father Dharma their mother (called Manasi by Jagatjivana) became a suttee, and she came out of the pyre as an infant three days old. On the advice of Brahma she was put in an iron box and dropped in the sacred river. The infant was rescued by the sage Hemanta.

Siva brought home Manasa hidden in the basket of flowers and then went away. Candi felt curious and looked carefully into the basket. When she could not find anything she started weighing the flowers one by one, and whichever was found unusually heavy she threw it into the fire. When she took up the flower in which Manasa was hiding the latter had to reveal herself to her stepmother.

Immediately after the birth of Astika Jaratkaru left his wife, and she was compelled to beg milk for feeding the infant. So she

approached the cowherds.

Manasa wanted her father to command Cando to worship her but he refused. Then on Neta’s advice she came to her elder brother Cando and asked him to worship her. Cando flourished his Hematal staff and Manasa at once took herself away. Cando’s town 15 called Campala- (Campiia-) puri, as in Durgavoar.

When his six sons died Cando ordered cremation of the bodies, and the young widows were ready to become suttee. Manasa com- inanded the demoness (r@ksasi) Taraka to steal the bodies, and it was done.

Lakhindara’s mother did not entertain the thought of her son's marriage as he was destined to die on the bridal night, and her son was too young to think of marriage. Manasa became impatient and sought the advice of Neta who asked her to send the nymph Kama- sond disguised as Lakhindara’s maternal aunt Kausalya and excite in him sexual desire. This incident is given in detail.

When Dhanvantari died Yama came to take possession of his body, but Manasa fought him off.

MANAKAR AND DURGAVAR

The manuscripts, mutilated and fragmentary, of these two poets have been collected from West Assam (Goalpara, Kamrup and

1 Bangalad Sdhityer Itihaés p. 782.

xxii MANASA-VIJAYA

Mangaldai districts) by Mr. Kaliram Medhi and edited by Dr. Birinchi Kumar Barua and Mr. Satyendranath Sarma.' The poems as pub- lished supplement each other : Manakar’s story comes up to Manasa’s first arrival at her father’s place, and Durgavar’s story starts with the description of Cando’s town Campéyali and runs up to the end of the story. There are many gaps, especially in the latter. But the out- line of the story can just be followed. The intervening episodes are lacking in the manuscripts but they must have existed in the origina: or originals.

The connexion between the works of the two poets must have been very close. Both of them seems to have referred to king Visvasimha of Kamata (Coochbehar) and in almost identical terms. Durgavar wrote also a poem on the Rama story,? and he has referred to a person who had patronised him.* But nothing can be known about Manakar except his name. The name is a very unusual one, and it is possible that Manakar is a corruption for Manahar (Manohar). The signature of a poet Manohar probably appears once in the Manasamangala of Jivankrsn Maitra.’

““Pona’’ (<<‘paduma’) the ftadbhava form of the name Padma occurs only in the poems of Manakar and Durgavar. The name "णार (रपा) Brahmani’’ or simply ‘‘Bahura (Bahura)’’ is also peculiar to the two poets. The name ‘‘Byari’’ occurring in Byéri- bhakti-tarangini by Vidyapati® seems to be a variant of ‘‘Bahura.’’ ‘‘Bahura’’ probably meant ‘unattached, husbandless’, and in the saga the goddess often appears as a brahman widow (‘‘bidhoya brahmani’’ —Durgavar). The name Totala is also there, and ‘‘Manasa&’’ invari- ably appears as ‘‘Manasai.’’ Manakar calls Manasa also as ‘‘Digam- bari’’ (‘naked’). This is equivalent to Vipradasa’s ‘‘Nirvasini.’’

The story of the creation is given in some detail, and there are some peculiarities. The first beings created by God were a pair of birds, and they remind us of the first human couple Yama and Yami in vedic lore. Manakar probably records a local tradition when he makes Siva eat up the dead body of his father when it came floating by.

maheSvare tapasali kari ace yatha bhasite bhasite mrtye cali gaila tatha.

1 Published by Sri Harinarayan Dattabarua, Gauhati (1952). 2 Introduction (Assamese) p. 22. 3 This was Bahubal Sikdar. That he cannot be the poet’s father (as the editors suppose) is praved by the following reference (p. 118): bahubal sikdar ye pofia suprasanne cirahijivi hauk kavi durgavare bhane. By the grace of Padmé may Bahubal Sikdar be very long-lived: so says the poet Durgiivar.’ 4 ‘‘manasamangal kavi manohar biracila.. . 5 See p. xxix.

a)

INTRODUCTION xxii ‘Where Mahesvara was doing penance the dead body carried by the stream came there.’

Siva understood that it was the body of his father, and he poured water from his conch shell into the mouth of the dead. Dharma came to life and congratulated him for recognising the father, and then said

mukh mela puta tor garbhe lafio vas Open thy mouth, son, and I will get myself inside thee.’

Then he gave Siva the charge of his wives Ganga and Durga. Siva did as he was told. He married Ganga and put Durga in an iron box and let her adrift in the sacred river.

Manakar gives a folk-etymolcgical interpretation of the name

Manasai’’ : mayaka dankiyaé haila manasdi nama

‘By biting the mother she came to be known as ४2712581.

This is the poet’s prescription for the worship of the goddess (‘‘Visahari’’):

matir bhari पाः dali प] barisdér kale ‘An earthen pot, a twig of the आप ; it is worshipped in the rainy season.’

Sravana (July-August) is the month most sacred to Manasa and so Manakar often calls his poem the Song of Sravan (‘‘Sravaner git’). Building of the mandapa (pavilion) was a part of the ritual ; it reminds us of the connection of Manasa with the mythology of the nagas as artificers. In this connection Manakar has used the word Maraiya to mean Manasa.' This may be compared with ‘‘Mattuva’’ (= manduva?) inscribed as the name of Manasa in a stone image of the goddess in North Bengal.? As the <leity of the hearth and home (vedic ८251050८) Manasi must have been known also as the deity of mandapa.

The story of Siva from the building of his bull up to his marriage with Durga (Parvati) is given in detail. Siva had laid > flower garden, and Durga when a very young girl visited it. There Siva made love to her as Krsna did to Radha in the poem of Baru Candi- dasa. The subsequent activity of Siva, viz. hankering after the love of Durga and calling her to meet him by playing on his flute and Durga being eager to meet him, is also modelled after the Radha- Krsna story. The father of Durga too behaved like the relatives of Radha ; he was suspicious of his daughter’s conduct. Chastity of Durga was put to rigorous tests. In the meantime Narada had informed Ganga that her husband was regularly meeting Durga in the flower

1 “‘miiraiyda-madali jagok jatek barati (‘Let all devotee be ready in the pavilion of the goddess’); cf. totala-mandap-khani (p. 14). ‘‘Marai’’ is a name

of the goddess current amount the Kacharis > The inscription as read by Mr. S. K. Saraswati is ‘‘ Bhattini Mattuva

(Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal N.S. vol. 28, p. 181)

xxiv ` ` MANASA-VIJAYA ~

garden. Gatiga was angry. She called her sons Danhgur' and Maha- nanda and asked them to drown Durga as she would be crossing the river on her way home. They tried and failed. Siva now appealed to Ganga, and the latter, with the help of Narada, brought about Siva’s marriage with Durgaé. The story then follows the familiar

track.

The story in Durgévar’s poem as we know it starts with a description of Cando’s town Campayali-nagar which stood on the Ganga. Cando’s wife Soneka was unhappy as they had _ no issue. One day Dhanvantari the magic doctor (‘‘ojha’’) came down from the north and beat his drum at the door of Cando’s house. Saneka heard it and came to the door to inquire. She asked him what was the deity he worshipped and what benefit did the deity bestow on him. Dhanvantari replied that his deity was represented by a pot of water and that if one would worship it with devotion one would get children if childless and obtain freedom if in fetters. He also added that if after the worship one takes a dip in the Ganga and utter the words ‘‘Mother Manasai’’ one would obtain one’s heart’s desire. Soneka did as she was told but was still getting no children. She then became desperate and wanted to put an end to herself by drowning in the river. Ganga was informed of her intention by her sons Dangur? and Mahananda. Ganga appeared before her and assured her that she would bear six sons. The sons grew up and were duly married. After a time Cando wanted to replenish his treasury and made himself ready to start on a trading voyage. On the day he would start his wife was to perform certain rituals by the boats. <A particular fish (‘‘magur’’) was needed for the ceremony. To get it Soneka went to the home of Sardadi the fisherwoman (“‘keotani’’). There she saw the latter worshipping the sacred pot of Manasa. After performing the ritual she started worshipping the pot of 2181258 at home. When she was thus occupied Cando who was already aboard ship sent a man to fetch his sword. The man saw Soneka worshipping a strange deity and reported it to his master. Cando came home and kicked away the sacred pot. This was how his enmity with the goddess started. When Cando was away his sons were bitten by snake. Dhanvantai was called. As he was coming to save the boys his medicine was snatched away by Manasa in the form of a kite. She then induced the doctor to go back home. The dead

1 Wrongly ‘‘Jangur’’ in the text. In Jagatjivan’s text it is Dambur. Dangur is the same as Détgar-sdfii the deity of the boatman. The name Dumurdaha, a village near Triveni, is reminiscent of Dambur-Dangur. Another neighbouring village is Sijuya (now Sije).

2 Printed ‘‘jangur’’. |

INTRODUCTION XXV

bodies were taken charge of by कपिल. On the return voyage the twelve boats of Cando were sunk at ‘‘Kamkara Mohan’? (literally, Crab Mouth of the river).

To kill Lakhindara Manasa appointed her husband the serpent Ajagara.” By her massaging the serpent became slender as a thread so that he could easily get into the sealed chamber. The snake bit Lakhindara and was caught by Behula, and in the raft she did not forget to take the snake she had trapped. After passing through many dangers and difficulties she came to the end of her route but was finally despaired of success. She prepared a funeral pyre for the remains of her husband and for herself as a suttee. Before taking the last step she wanted to feed the peacock and the ichnenmon she had brought with her with the snake that had killed her husband. Manasa knew her thoughts and was afraid for the life of her own husband. She at once sent Netala who persuaded the girl from that act by promising to help her in bringing her husband back to life. The only point in the rest of the story that secms different from other versions is that Behula on the return journey was imprisoned by the toll-collector of a king. This episode is per- haps connected with the episode of the Buraniyas in Vipradasa.

JIVANKRISHNA MAITRA

Jivankrsna belonged to the district of Baguri, and his poem was written in 1744.5 He secms to have largely drawn from Jagat- jivan. Jivankrsna has tried to give his poem the appearance of a Purana by making the sage Lomaga the narrator and the sage Sanaka the auditor. The following are other peculiarities in Jivan- krsna’s poem.

The poison churned out of the sea was sipped by Siva. The brushing from his lips the god entrusted to Vasuki who was to give it to Manasa that was yet unborn. Vasuki wanted to get a share of the ambrosia, but he was driven away by Garuda to the nether region where he kept himself confined.

Manasa and Neta were born from the seed of Siva. Soon after her birth in the nether region 1871288. came up the lotus stalk to the surface of Kalidaha to meet his father, without showing curtesy to

1 Here mentioned as ‘‘Dhubuni’, later as ‘‘Netala'’ (printed ‘‘netana’’) or ‘‘Netala dhubuni.’’ ‘Netala’ may have resulted from the combination ‘Neta’ + ‘Totala’.

2 According to Jivankrgna Jaratkaéru by Manasa’s curse turned into the serpent Manindga or Maniraj.

3 Edited by Mr. Samb-hu Chandra Chaudhuri, M.A. and printed (but not yet published) by Calcutta University. Mr. Chaudhuri, an old pupil of mine, kindly placed at my disposal the file of the printed formes. Sce Bangala Sahityer 4 ६2725 p 782k.

“lomage kahena katha sanakera sthane.’’

D

xvi MANASA-VIJAYA

her maker-father Vasuki. At this the latter cursed her and the goa- dess lost an eye.

Manasa and Neta, hidden in the flower basket, were taken home by Siva. Net&é escaped from the wrath of Candi but Manasa could not. The two girls settled on Sijuya Hill, but before that Manasa had been married to Jaratkaru who also obtained Neta as dowry. When Jaratkaru was temporarily absent from home the girls met the sage Astavakra who was smitten by love for Manasa. Manasa sent to the sage Neta as her substitute, and the result was the birth of Neta’s son Dhana or Dhanafijaya. Returning home Jaratkaru saw his wife nursing the infant and in disgust he left the place for good. Before he left he was mollified enough to arrange for the birth of Manasa’s son Astika. Manasa did not like her husband’s attitude. She put on this curse on him:

yadi hai pativrata sunaha amar katha sarpa haifa thakiba duar. ‘If I am a loyal wife, listen to my words, you shall become a serpent and keep my door.’

The name Behulé also appears as ‘‘Bephula’’ and ‘‘Belali.’’ The latter may be a mistake for ‘“‘Benani’’ (‘Beniya girl’). The perma- nent residence of Manasa and Neta is mentioned as ‘‘Mayana-pur’’ or ‘‘Mainaka-pur’’ (‘City of the Dead’). Neta is called Netai as well.

D. THE BIHARI VERSION

The Bihari version’ does not bear any signature ; it belongs to folk poctry. The might have been partly indigenous but there is no doubt that the influence of Bengali is considerable.2 The version is closely connected wth that of North Bengal. The peculiarities of the Bihari version are noted below.

Only the Cando-Lakhindara-Behula is recounted. One or two other episodes have been incorporated as part of the main story, and the rest are ignored. Manasa here are five sisters. This has been brought about by conceiving individuality for five of the usual names of the goddess, after the analogy of the five water nymphs (pPaticapsaras). The five sisters are: Maina Visahari, Dotola Bhavani,* Devi Visahari, Jaya Visahari and Paduma Kumari. Neto (here Netula) plays a very minor role in the story. Maina (literally, ‘deadly’) is the leader of the pentad.

Mahadeva (i.e. Siva) and Parvati lived in a temple (matha) in the town of Kokolapur, and Siva usually had his bath in a lake there

1 Bihuld-katha (or Bisahari-caritra) revised by Gamgulamlal, Patna. 2See Bangdla Sdhityer Itihds 1 p. 115. $ ‘‘Dotola’’ apparently corresponds to ‘‘Totala’’ of the North Bengal version.

INTRODUCTION XXvii

known as Sonadaha. One day when he was dipping in the lake he . shed five strands of hair, which became attached to five lotus flowers and brought forth the five sisters of Manasi. They sported for twelve years in the lotus lake (‘‘Kamaladaha’’) and then dived down to Vasuki to know the particulars about themselves. Vasuki_ told them that their spiritual parents (‘‘dharam ke baba,’’ ‘‘dharam ke mai’) were Siva and Parvati. They came up to Sonadaha and hid themselves in lotuses. Siva plucked the flowers, took them home and sat in meditation. In the meantime Parvati’s kitchen work was over and the flowers drew her attention. The five sisters came out and accosting her as their mother ran up to her. Parvati thought they were her husband’s inamorata and she threw a log at them to drive them away. It struck Maina Visahari at the cycbrow and she made the thread-like snake (` 51108. nag’’) bite her. Parvati fell down and Siva rushed to help her. When he could not revive her he called in the occultist (“‘mantri’’) Keso (< KeJava). With a pot filled with water Keso started his incantations. But Visahari by her magic power (‘‘tona’’) dried up the pot and Keso admitted defeat. Then the five sisters appeared before Siva, and at his pitcous entreaties Devi Visahari and Dotola Bhavani through occult process brought their spiritual mother back to life. In return Siva assured them worship in the mortal world and especially in the house of the merchant Cando wherc the thirty-three crores of gods and goddess all had been receiving wor- ship. With diffidence they came to Cando in Caupai-nagar. Candc refused catcgorically to worship them who were one-eyed and frog- eaters (‘‘kani benga-khauki,’’ as in Jivankrsna). They approached Cando’s wife Sonika who was ihen doing the auspicious rites for the starting of the merchant’s boats on a trading voyage. They asked her to worship Maina Visahari, but before they could get a reply Cando came there and scared them away. They took themselves to the residence of Indra and begged him to place at their disposal Hanuman and his dancer. Indra acquiesced. They come back to Cando, again put forward the same request and received the same rebuke. They threatened dire consequences and retired.

The merchant set sail for the port of Lanka. When the flects reached Triveni the five sisters Manasa appeared and gave Cando another chance to revise his decision. Then they sent Hanuman who made, but in vain, the same request on behalf of the thirtythree crores of gods and goddesses. Hanuman, at the instance of the sisters, then sank all the boats and his six sons at Triveni. Cando was spared for the future worship of the serpent goddesses. Hanuman threw him up on land and then approaching him in the guise of a Gorakhiya mendicant told him that Maina Visahari was responsible for his mis- fortune and that she could be appeascd by worship. But it was of no ‘avail. Lakhindara and Behula were born and were duly married (as

XXVili MANASA-VIJAYA

roughly in the Bengali versions but in greater detail in some respects. The affair of Lakhindara with Kausalya—here Kosila—is also mention- ed.) The couple came to Caupdai-nagar and passed the night in a steel chamber. Manasa sent first Dhora and then Dhamana but both the snakes returned baffled. Dotola Bhavani then advised consultation with Netula (i.e. Neto). They came to the land of the mortals and Netula advised them to go to Siva and beg from him three gifts: (1) the four stars (that cause rain), (2) the carton of sleep and (3) the serpent Maniyar. The gifts were soon secured, but Maniyar, being a python living in Dhavalagiri, was an unmanageable proposition. The serpent asked the five sisters to massage him with certain medicines which reduced him te a slender thread. With the help of the rainy stars and the carton of sleep the sisters Visahari managed to get Mani- yar into the steel chamber, Cando ordered the dead body of Lakhin- dara to be removed by a Dom who had to return home disappointed. Cando then sent Dhana (here Dhanna) to Dhanvantari (here Dhanottar) for resuscitating Lakhindara. The five sisters had him bitten fatally by snakes but not before he could prescribe the medicine which how- ever was snatched away by Maina Visahari in the form of a hawk. Dhana returned to his guru, who before he died had told him to dispose of his body in a way that would bring Lakhindara back to life. Here also the five sisters proved too much for him. Behula was determined to take her husband’s body to the domain of Indra and there to pro- pitiate Manasa and bring her husband and his brothers back to life. An iron box (“‘loha ka mamjosa’’) was made for her by Visvakarma, and she started her hazardous journey from ‘‘Gokul-ganga Ghat.’’ The adventures described follow the usual pattern with minor varia- tions. Behula reached Netula’s ‘‘ghat’’, and she saw Netula kill her son and husband and then finish her washing. Behula cast magic spell so that Netula could not bring back her son and husband to conscious- ness. Behula now approached her and called her aunt. At Netula’s request Behula countermanded her magic, and Netula took her to Mayana-nagar. Behula’s dance pleased the gods and Manasa was induced to relent. Behula brought first the heads of the dead bodies of her husband’s brothers from the demoness Tundi (‘‘tundi rakasin’’) and then leaves from the plant of life (गा gachi’’) from Mount Hemant (i.e. Himavant). Netula joined the bones and Maina Visa- hari brought them to life. Behula started on her return journey with her husband and his brothers and with the twelve boats (including the crew) lost by Cando. The gods then left Mayana-nagar, and at once it turned into a weedy wilderness. Behula made her husband to pay five gold pieces to Netula as tips. The end of the story is as usual.

The story of Cando, Lakhindara and Behula was known in Mithila in the fifteenth century as it is referred to in Byédibhaktitarangini by

INTRODUCTION xX1X

Vidyapati.'. It is quite likely that this Vidydpati is the same as the famous vernacular poet of Mithila. The manner of Manasa worship prescribed in this treatise is very much similar to the practice in Bengal. The popular narrative songs of Visahari and Mangalacandika are men- tioned (laukikausadha-mantradayo visaharimangalacandikagitadayas- ca te ca prasiddha lokavadah yatha ...).

E. THE MopERN VERSIONS

Of the middle Bengali religions narrative poems Manasdmangala has held its own till the very last. For this reason there 125 not been a lack of new authors of such poctry even up to the close of the last century. Mention may be made of Manasamangala by Jagamohan Mitra (1844), by Kaliprasanna Bandyopadhyny (1860), by Kuéga- (or Kusala) dev Pal (1869), by Radhanath Ray-chaudhuri of Sylhet (dicd 1882), by Caitanyadaés Mondal of Manbhum (1881) and by Maheéa- candra Das De (1882). The iast two works enjoyed good popularity. The seventh edition of Caitanyadas’s poem has been published in 1950.

6. THe Mytu

Like all old myths the Manasa myth is of primitive origin and of complex nature. It had been absorbing other myths and legends until it grew up into an elaborate narrative of an epic stature some- time before the fifteenth century. The narrative story is peculiar to Bengal, but Bengal need not be reckoned as the place of the origin of the myth, although there is little doubt the myth and the cult (or cults) connected with Manasa belonged, in historical times, to Northern and Eastern India. The most ancient strands in the texture of the Manasa story point out uncrringly to vedic mythology and late vedic esoteric practicc, and Manasa is built up on several vedic deities and defied or semi-defied concepts such as Usas and Nakti, the Asvins, Soma, Gandharva and Apsaras, Sri and Sarasvati, Arayi and Nirtti. The concept of the Kamboja girl from the hills appears in late vedic, and herein we find a connection with the north-eastern hill tract of Bengal, the land of the Komc, Mec and other Bodo tribes. The so- called ‘‘non-Aryan’’ element therefore was already incorporated in the early myth of Manasa.

The myth and the cult of Manasa are inextricably mixed up together. It may be pointed out here that Manasa is a dual deity: the goddess of life, cure and prosperity, and the demoness of death, decay and mis- fortune. Although Manasa had assumed the personalities and func- tions of both deities at an early stage in the development of the myth

1 Known in a fragmentary manuscript copy in possession of Dacca Univer- sity (MS No. K 531 I) ; see the article by Mr. G. C. Basu (New Indian Antiquary vii p 48ff). The treatise is written in Sanskrit.

XXX MANASA-VIJAYA

the second deity, playing a-very much minor fiddle to the first in the story as we have it now, has not entirely lost its personality and name. She is Neto, the sister, friend, philosopher and guide of Manas4 in the Middle Bengali versions of the saga. An examination of the names of Manasa and Neto is helpful in unravelling the various elements in the jumble of the myth and the cult connected with Manasa.

MANASA, It is the name in commonest use. There is not the slightest reason to take it as a borrowing from Dravidian. The masculine name Manasa occurs in RV 5. 44. 10 (according to Sayana), and Manasa- devi, the full form of the name of the goddess, is cited by Candra- gomin as the illustration of an aphorism of his grammar (manaso namnti 5. 26, corresponding to Panini’s manaso sanijndyam 6. 3. 4). Manasa, as the name of the poison-removing deity, occurs, together with allied names, in the following incantation occurring in a Buddhist text the manuscipt copy of which belongs to the sixth century.’

amale vimale nirmale manase mahamanase acyule adbhute mukte jivate raksa sualim saruopadravebhyah svaha.

‘O thou speakless, clean, pure, Manasa, great Manasa (or, high- minded), immovable, wonderous, O Jivata, keep svasti from all harms. Hail!’

Mahadmanas as an epithet of the victorious gods occurs in RV Io. 103. 9. Manasa as the name of a celestial nymph is not unknown in Sanskrit literature. The name. is obviously connected with manas ‘mind’, and it does not exclude other connotations of the verb man ‘think’. The malevolent power of Rudra, his wrath and jealousy, is almost personified in mand, a cognate of manyu, in RV 2. 33. 5:

havimabhiw havate yo havirbhir

dva stomebhi rudram disiya

rdudarah suhdvo ma’ no asvadt

babhruh susipro riradhan mand yat. ‘Rudra who is called on with invocations and with oblations, I would appease with songs of praise ; may he the compas- sionate, easy to invoke, ruddy brown, fair-lipped, not subject us to that jealously of his.’’ (A. A. Macdonell).

This prayer could well have been uttered by Cando of our story against the attacks of Manasa.

.Mana as a deity features in Kausika-sttiva 13. 15. 4 (manayat lantum prathamam pasyet).

In the Middle Bengali Manasa saga the rival deities are Manasa

and Candi (although in the earlier form of the story the rivalry seems to have been between Manasa and Siva), and they have between them

1 Mahadmdyiri Vidyd formula in the Gilgit text of Vinayavasiu (edited by Dr. N. Dutt) vol. iii.

INTRODUCTION xxii

shared the name and the character of vedic Mand. The name has been inherited directly by Manas& and _ indirectly—being substituted by a synonym—by Candi. On the other hand the character—wrath and jealousy, the terrible projection of Rudra’s mind (ghora manaso uvisrstth)—has been shared to a greater extent by Candi and to a lesser extent by Manasa. In our story Manasa has her wrathful moments when one of her cyes would flash death and she is never deliberately hostile to her step-mother Candi, but the latter has never a good word for her, and it was Candi that had poisoned the mind of Cando against Manasa.

PADMA (PADMAvVaTi). This name of the goddess has always been very popular in North and East Bengal where the Manasi poems are invariably called Padmd-puran. This name reveals the original connection between the goddess of fortune (Sri, Laksmi, Kamala) and the queen of the serpents. In Jaina literature the queen of the serpents is called Paumavai (Padmavati) and she is the consort of the tortoise demon (Kamathasura). Kamala is a synonym of Padma both as Laksmi and as Manasa. A particular form of Manasa image shows the goddess riding an elephant. In this form she was called Gaja- laksmi (originally perhaps a Nagalaksmi').

The name Padma has come from padma ‘lotus’. According to the Manasa saga the goddess is called Padma as she was conceived in a lotus, and this phenomenon is not without a vedic parallel.2 There is also the significance of lotus for the water cult connected with Gandharvas and Apsarases as implied in the सप्त] hymn in AV 8. 15. 5, 6:

sodakramat sa gandharvapsarasa agacchat. tam gandharva- psarasa upahvayania punvagandha ehiti. tasyas citrarathah sauryavarcaso vatsa asit puskaraparnam pairam.

‘She went away and she came to the Gandharvas and Apsarases. The Gandharvas and Apsarases welcomed her saying, ‘Sweet- scented, come.’ To her Citraratha the son of Suryavarcas became the calf and lotus leaf the (milking) pot.’

From the standpoint of fragrance an allicd deity Sugandha (or GandheSvari) was evolved. Sugandha is mentioned as an attendant of Manasa in some versions of the Manasa saga.

KETAKA. It is one of the oldest names of the goddess but now almost forgotten. It points to her earlier history when she was the daughter and spouse of the primeval god Dharma. Dharma died and was cremated by his three sons Brahma, Visnu and Siva. As desired by his departed father Siva married his mother Ketaka who became

1 Naga means ‘serpent’ as well ‘elephant.’ 2 See Notes p. 295.

exxii MANASA-VIJAYA

later known as Candi.! Apparently the name was reserved for Manasa who is hinted to have had incestuous relation with her father. Ketaka- is perhaps connected with vedic keta ‘desire, will,’ a synonym of manas.

४184 ^ (Visahari). It is the oldest name of the deity as the per- sonified occult knowledge of poison cure. The word offers two etymo- logies, from visa-dhara ‘carrying poison’ and from visa-hara ‘remov- ing poison.’ The first etymology is applicable to the role of Manasa as the queen of the serpents (द) and the custodian of their poison (‘visadhatri’). The second etymology fits Manasa indirectly as the life-giving deity, the custodian of Soma and directly as the remover of poison. Visahari, the deified occult knowledge of poison removal, appears for the first time in Mahabharaia:?

ity uktud sritkrd devas tam prasadya prajapatim

pradaid visaharim vidyam kasyapaya mahadtmane.

‘Saying this the creator god honoured the lord of beings and gave the poison removing knowledge to the high-souled Kasyapa (to be reared as a girl).’

That this Visahari vidya? was no other than our Manasa can be inferred from her ongin in the hands of the creator god.

JARATKARU. It is a name (patronymic) of Manasa and also the name of her husband in the Mahdbharata story as well as in the Bengali saga. The identity of the names of the husband and wife is explained in the Mahabharata (1. 46. 18) as a condition of marriage insisted on by the old celebate that was extremely unwilling to marry.

mama kanya sanamni va bhaiksyavaccodita bhavet

bhareyam caiva yam naham tam me kanyam prayacchata. “You may give away, as free gift, that girl to me who shall have the same name as mine and whom I will not maintain.’

The similarity between the names, strengthened by this condition and further supported by the immaculate conception of Manasa strongly suggests that the marriage of Manasa was an after thought. The anthropomorphic character of the deity as revealed in the Bengali saga is that of a young woman unfettered by wedlock and always mentioned as such (kumé@ri), and this is in full agreement of her origin 25 a water nymph (apya@ yosa or apsaras). It is also reminiscent of her unsavoury past.

The name Jaratkaéru is sufficiently old, as evidenced by the patro- nymic faratkarava in Sankhydyana-aranyaka (7. 20), and is pro-

1 sce Bangala Sadhityer Itihas i p. 5०4.

2 Calcutta (Bangabasi) edition 1.20.16.

* Parsonified vidyds later come to be known as Vidyddharis, a class of celestial nymphs.

INTRODUCTION अकी

perly applicable to Manasa’s maker-father the Old Artificer, ‘“‘vrddha nirmani’’ of the Bengali saga and Tvastr or Vastospati of RV. In another sense Jaratkaru signified ‘old singer’ or ‘old priest’, as in RV 7. 68. 9 ab:

esa syd kariur javate suktdir dgre budhand usdsim sumadnma

‘This is the singer that, waking before the dawns and having good thonght, offers praise to you (i.e. the Agvins) with fair hymns.’

Jaratkaru the husband of Manasa is an old sage belonging to a Yayavara or itinerant clan,’ and he is perhaps a transformation of the old sage Cyavaéna in RV, whom the Asvins made young and married to a young girl.

yuvam cydvanam asvina jdrantam

01747 yuvanam cakrathur sdcibhih.* “You two © Aégvins, restored the old man Cyavdna back to youthfulness, by your powers.’

KANT. This is a pejorative name of Manasa in the Bengali saga. The usual meaning of the word in Bengali is ‘one-eyed’, and this sense is partly responsible for the episode of Manasa’s loss of an ey2 in a scuffle with Candi. Manasa partly represents the evil spirit of ill luck as personified in RV ro. 155. Ia:

drayi kane vikate girim gaccha sadanve

‘Arayi, one-eyed, dreadful, ally of demons, do thou fly back to the hills.’

Another origin of the name is also likely. It may be a deriva- tive of Karnikad the name of an apsaras, also occurring in Kalakarntka or Kdlakarni, a name of personified ill luck.

The name Kani occurs with the epithet ‘““Cengamuri’’ in some West Bengal versions of the saga but not in the poem of Vipradasa. Attempt has been made to show ‘‘cengamuri’’ as a disguised form of Telugu jemmudu, and the Aryan and the Dravidian words are believed to mean the plant sacred to Manasa (euphorbia nivulia). The Dravi- dian word does not signify that plant and there is nothing to connect the Bengali word with any plant. It must not be forgotten that the term in Bengali is purely abusive. As the word does not occur in the oldest, fullest and best version of the saga it is reasonable to suppose that the word is of purely Bengali origin. Moreover more than one easy explanations in Bengali are available. The word ‘‘cenga”’ signified bamboo (as in modern Bengali ‘‘cengari’’ ‘wicker basket’, “cenga-dola’’, ‘hanging by bamboo pole’), and the verb ‘mur (mor)'

1 Mahdbhidrata 1.13.11.

2 RV 1.117.13ab.

E

xxxiv MANASA-VIJAYA

signifies ‘wrapping’. The compound word would thus mean, together with the other meaning of ‘‘kani’’ ‘rag, dirty or torn cloth’, ‘(con- temptible as) the rag shrouding (a dead body carried suspended by) a bamboo pole’. Another meaning of the name or appellation, depending on ‘‘cenga’’ meaning ‘young lad’ and ‘‘mur’’ (<(munda) ‘remove, destroy’, is ‘destroyer of youngmen’. This also fits the activity of Manasa against Cando.

JAGULI (JANGULI}. It is the least known name of the goddess, and in the Bengali saga it occurs only in Vipraddsa’s poem. As a name of Manasa it appears in the ritualistic treatises on Dharma worship.' As the deified occult knowledge of poison cure the name however is well-known in tantric Buddhism of Eastern India.? She is described as a Savara girl from the hills and thus represents the Kirata girl of AV 10. 4. 14:

kawatiha kumarika saka khanat' bhesajam

hivanyayibhir abhribhir girindm upa sinusu.

‘The Kirata girl she is digging for medicine with golden shovels in the slopes of the hills.’

The Savara or Kirata girl phase of Manasa appears in the Bengali saga momentarily, when the goddess is approached at-her hill station by Narada on behalf of Candi. Jn Bengali incantations ayainst snake poison Manasa (and often Candi too) is mentioned as ‘‘Hari-Jhi’’ ‘the daughter of a man of the sweeper caste’. This reminds us of the poison cure deity mentioned in AV (5. 13. 8 ab) as the daughter of the= black barbarian Urugila: urugilaya duhita jata dasi asiknya.

The name Kurukulla® belonging to an important tantric Buddhist goddess controlling snakes and snake venom, appears as a disguised derivative of the vedic name Uvug#la which is itself a borrowing from Akkadian.

The possessor of jJanguli vidya was known as jangulika or jangalika, and from the mention by Bana in Harsacarita it appears that a jangulitka or poison doctor belonged to the regular retinue of a king or royal prince. /anguli and jangulika are probably connected with jangala ‘arid Jand’. In vedic mantras against snake poison a reference is often made to the poison being rendered sapless (arasa) by sending it away to the desert land (dkanvan). The words may have connection also with jangida, one of the most potent remedies against poison and other ills, eulogized in some hymns in AV.

JaGaTi. This name of Manasé occur only in the West Bengal poems. The name Jagatgauri is also peculiar to them, and Manasa

1See Dharmaptijavidhana edited Ly Nanigopal Bandyopadhyay, p. 97f. 2 Sddhanamdéla edited by Dr. B. Bhattacharya, 106, 117, 118, 120-122. 3 Jbid. 171-174, 180, 181, 185.

INTRODUCTION XXXV

is still worshipped under the name Jagatgauri in some parts of West Bengal. Watchfulness is a characteristic activily of Manasa, and it is more than probable that jagrati (present participle feminine of jégr) is the source of Jagati. Vipracdasa’s interpretation of the name Jaguli confirms this derivation.'. Jagatgauri is really Jagati-gauri. Gauri here is a name of the goddess in her character as Soma, Vak or a water nymph.?

ToTaALA (TotToia). This name of Manasa occurs only in the North Bengal, Assamese and Buhari versions of the saga. The name is Obviously connected with Tutfara, a name of the tantric Mahayana goddess Tara (generally occurring in the formula ow (द्द tutiare ture hum phat) and appears sanskritised into Tvarita in 1001116 Brah- 11201911.

BRAHMANT. It is a name of the goddess found in almost all ver- sions. It is reminiscent of the vedic story of Prajapati and his daughter. In late puranic lore Sarasvati is the wife of Brahma, and Sarasvati is but another phase of our deity.

NETO (NETA). This the name of the deity that appears to play a secondary role in the saga but in fact is the main power that operated behind Manasa. In the carliest form of the story that can be recon- structed though vaguely Neto was the real antagonist of Cando who was backed by his tutelary deity Sugandha (or GandheSvari), an aspect of the goddess Padma. The main function of Neto in the saga is to give advice to Manasaé as to how some persons could be killed and when that was done to take charge of the dead bodies. This reminds us of the Rgvedic imagery of death as the lap (upastha) of Nirrti. Neto therefore represents vedic Nirrti, and the derivation of the Bengali name from the vedic is linguistically probable. The Middle Bengali writers could think of but two derivations of the name, netra ‘eye’, and netra (nakta) ‘a piece of cloth’, and their accounts of the origin of Neto follow these dcrivations.*

Of the human protagonists in the saga two are the most impor- tant, Cando and Behula. The name Cando is probably connected with soma, a common synonym of which is candra. Cando’s priest is Somai, and the name of his wife Sanaka or Soneka also is possibly connected with soma.* The name Behulé (Bihari Bihula) is probably the tadbhava form of vidhuraé ‘a bereaved girl, a widow, a forlorn woman.’ This name or appellation also belonged to Manasa ; the

1 "jagiya jaguli nadma’’ (p. 3).

2Cf. RV 1. 164. 41a: gaurir mimidya salilani taksati.

$ See Agni-purana (Bangabasi edition) chapter 309f ; Saraddtilaka patala ro. 4 See Notes p. 2961. 5 From ‘Somaka’ ?

XXXVI MANASA-VIJAYA

name Bahura (Bahuda) occurring in the Assamese version is connected with this.’ ‘Byadi’ in Vidyapati’s treatise probably indicates a contamination between ‘bahuda’ and vydla.

7. THE CUuLtTs

The following cults of varying antiquity underlie the cults now asso- ciated with Manasa and with the magic practices in snake-bite cure. A. The drink cults: Soma (Amrta), Sura and Visa ; B. The water cults: Running water, Whirling water, and the Vessel ; C. The animal cults: Horse, Boar, Bird, Ichneumon, Shell, Monkey, Serpent (लद), and Elephant ;

PD. The plant cults: Lotus, Water-weed, Palmyra, and Sija. E. The pillar cult.

(1) THE CuLtT OF SOMA (AMRTA)

The cult of Soma started in the Indo-Iranian period if not earlier. In Iranian tradition and also in Indian Soma (Iranian Hauma) is hill- dwelling, specific for all ills, and master of secret knowledge (Avestan vaedyapaiti). He is the smiter of the Evil that finds shelter deep under the earth. Also like the goddess of the serpents Soma originated from the drop in the water sped by the falcon (apsu drapso vadurdhe syena- jutah RV 8. 9. 2a). Soma removes the poison of snakes (agair visam aher niradhat somo niranayit|damstaram anvagad visam ahir ampta

AV 4. 10. 26 be).

As a remover of poison Soma is closely associated with Rudra, and also with the twin gods of succour, the Asvins who originally belonged to the cult of madhu (‘honey’).2, Soma is also called the Gandharva and is protected by gandharvas. Soima 1s the master of plants (AV 6, 96. 7).

(11) THE CULT OF SURA The cult of Sura (distilled drink) is of vedic origin, and from the beginning there was an opposition between the Soma and Suri cults. As opposed to Soma which belongs to the high (heaven or hill) Sura belongs to the low (bottom of the earth or sea). Sura is associated with the divine artificer Tvastr and his son Visvariipa. The latter

1 Durgavar once calls his poem ‘‘pofia behulf mangala’’ (p 116) ; Behuli here appear rot to refer to Behula but to Manasa.

2 As in some versions of the Manasd& saga the swan-borne chariot of the twin deities of succour is once mentioned in RV (4. 45. 4ab). See pp. x-xi.

INTRODUCTION XXXVIi

possessed three mouths to take in Soma, Sura and food (amma) respec- tively. Visvarupa was killed by Indra. Some antagonism of the Soma drinkers against the imbibers of Sura is reflected in RV also. Varuna, who in Puranic tradition was sent down to the bottom of the ocean and made the master of Sura,’ is invoked to pardon sin commit- ted under the influence of sura and its concomitants (na sa svo dakso varuna dhrutth sa sura manyur vibhidako acittih 7. 86. 6 ab). The post-vedic cults of Naga worship and Dhanvantari are the last develop- ment of the cult of Sura. Its association with Varuna? still persists in some rites of Dharma worship in West Bengal.

(111) THe Curr or Visa

The cult of Visa (pernicious drink) originated in the late vedic period and is associated with Rudra in a late hymn of RV (kesi visasya patrena yad rudrenapibat saha 10. 136. 7 cd.). It is also indicated that the followers of the cult of Visa wore long or matted hair (€<). Cando’s matted hair may be remembered in this connection. In another late hymn Agni is invoked to burn to death the crafty demons (15८८ bhanguravalah prati sma raksaso daha 10. 87. 23 ab). The contrast between the sweet (Soma or Madhu) and the strong drink (Visa) appears in the following verse in RV (6. 47. 1):

suddus kiléayam madhuman ulayan tivrah kilayam rasavan utayam uto nuasya papivamsam tindram na kascana sahate ahavesu.

‘This is indeed swect and this is full of honey ; this is indeed strong and this is full of sap (vasa). And when Indra has drunk of it no one can resist him in battles.’

The connection of the Visa cult with the serpent cult was already established when the राते] hymn of AV (8. 10) was written. The mention of aldbu-pdtra in this connection is interesting. The gourd shell bowl] is still used by Bauls and other followers of esoteric cults, who bear other resemblances with the Resins of the late vedic Visa cult.

(iv) THe Cutt oF RUNNING WATER (STREAM)

The cult of running water (वऽ) has points of contact with the cult of Soma. Soma is the lord of flowing streams. He is the Gan- dharva and the streams the Apsarases. Before the close of the vedic period a river (or river in general) Sarasvati was deified as a goddess

1 Vdruni became a synonymn of surd. 2 AV 18. 1. 48.

Xxx Viii MANASA-VIJAYA

of plenty. The healing power of running water is mentioned frequent- ly in vedic literature.!| Running water takes away decay and ill Juck.?

(v) THE CULT OF WuIRLING WATER (POOL)

As contrasted to the cult of running water the cult of whirling water corresponded to the. cult of Visa. In the Manas& saga _ the domain of Neto (vedic Nirrti) lay deep down under the whirlpool of Kalidaha, and in the vedic lore whirling water is perhaps the ‘fierce water’ (var ugrant) indicating snake poison in AV. 10. 4. 3, 4. In the myths connected with the post-vedic Naga cult the serpent leaders often have their domains under the pools of the river Yamuna.

In Bengal young unmarricd girls (up to their early teens) used to worship daily in the month of Vaisakha (April-May) the Pool of Yama (‘Yama-pukur’) for obtaining well being of their near and dear ones. This custom is still prevalent in remoter villages. The mention of ‘‘yamada puskarani’’ in an early inscription from Mathura (cf. Epigraphia Indica ix p. 247) indicates an old history for this worship. Nagas are the presiding deity of sacred pools and tanks and they also are possessors of wealth. In some parts of Burdwan district the worship of ‘Yama-pukur’ (with effigies of a jackal and a water lizard on its bank) forms a part of the elaborate ritual of the annual Manasa worship."

(vi) THE CULT OF THE VESSEL (CUP AND Port)

The beginning of the cult of the vessel appears in the vedic reference to the cup (or cups) of Tvastr the guardian of Soma.‘ This cup of ambrosia (amrta, Soma) was later associated with the cult of the Nagas and of Dhanvantari.

The cult of the pot is also associated with Soma. The white pitcher of Soma (svela kalasa RV. 9. 74. 8 a) became a symbol of protection and cure, and Tvastr was the guardian of the pitcher.’ The cult of the white pitcher has continued since.

Apart from the Naga and Dhanvantari figures dating from the Kushan to the Gupta period the earliest symbol of worship of the goddess of plenty, succour and cure is the pot. From the tenth or the eleventh century votive representations of the goddess of serpents came into vogue, but here also the pot was an invariable and often the most important feature of the sculptures. The pot is topped

1 E.g. dpo visvasya bhesajih AV 3. 7. 5८; 6. 9. 3 ¢. Gpas tal sarvam niskaran bhisajdrt subhisaktamdh AV 6. 24. 48 cd.

= apo nudantu nivytim pardcaih AV 6. 124. 2 प.

* For this information I am indebted to Mr. Kalipada Sinha, M.A.

4 tuasia maya ved apasém apastamo bibhrat patra devapanadni fantama RV 9 4. 6 ab.

5 somena pirnam kalasam bibharsi luastad ripdndm janitd pasindm AV 9. 4. 6 ab.

INTRODUCTION XXXix

by a full-blown lotus or by a twig of Sija, or by hooded snakes. The first shows the bountiful aspect of the goddess and the 1251 the terrific. The practice of worshipping both kinds of the pot (‘‘bari’ ) still continucs in some parts of West Bengal.'- One kind of pot is filled with water and is topped by a Sija twig, but the other kind is empty and topped with one or more figures of hooded snakes.

Vipradasa has referred to the worship of the sacred pot in pair. This was also a common practice in the eleventh century and earlier. One pot represented Padma the goddess of plenty and succour, and the other stood for Neto the deity of calamity and decease.

(vii) THE CULT OF THE HORSE

The cult of the white snake-killing horse Paidva is vedic. It was so Called as it was given to Pedu by the Agvins.? Soma is once compared to Paidva.* In puranic mythology Paidva became Indra’s horse Uccaihsravas and is heard of no more, except perhaps as the deity Hayagriva.

(vill) THE CULT OF THE BOAR

The cult of the boar as a poison removing deity or agent started with Rudra the healer imagined as the ruddy boar of heaven.* The boar is mentioned in the following incantation in AV 8. 7. 23:

varaho veda virudham nakulo veda bhesajim

sarpa gandharva ya vidus ta asma avase huve.

‘The boar knows the plant and the ichneumon knows the herb; what the snakes and the Gandharvas know I invoke for our

protection.’

As a cult icon the boar appears in the palmyra capital from Pawaya.°*

(ix) THE (णा OF THE {1

The story of Soma as brought down to the gods by the falcon is well-known in vedic literature. In later mythology and cult the falcon (Syena) became the divine bird Garuda the sworn enemy of his

1In the region where the districts of Hooghly and Bankura meet. Kor this information I am indebted to Mr. Anilbaran Das, B.A.

2 RV 1. 116. 9; ए. 117. 9. AV TO. 4. 33 5-7.

$ paidvo na hi tvam ahinainndm hanta visvasydast soma dasyal. 88. 4 cd. | a

4 dive vardham arusam kapardivam tvesam vipat namasa ni huvayamahe haste bibhrad bhesaja varydpi Sarma varma cchardir asmabhyam yamsat RV 1x. 114. 5. |

5 Now in the Archaeological Museum, Gwalior ; see plate 9.

RV 9.

xl MANASA-VIJAYA

step-brothers the serpents. In a later phase of the cult Garuda becarne identified with Rudra.}

Garuda is the bird of heaven. The birds of the earth and of the waters (in the magic cult of poison cure) are the peacock and the water fowl respectively. Both feature in vedic incantations? as well as in later tradition up to the present day.

(x) THE CULT OF THE ICHNEUMON

The ichneumon is mentioned with the boar in AV. 8. 7. 23 (cited above). It is mentioned in Bengali incantations for cure of snake-bite. The antagonism of the animal against the snake is well known. In some versions of the Manas& saga the peacock and the ichneumon are mentioned as potent guards against snake-bite.

(x1) THE CULT OF THE SHELL

The conch shell affording protection from the snakes is implied in the Jaratkaru episode in the Manas& saga. As a potent remedy for all ill it is invoked in AV 4. 10. In three hymns of AV (2. 4; 19. 34, 35) jangida is invoked as such. The word probably means the mollusc or the mollusc shell. In some parts of West Bengal the mol- lusc and the water weed form auspicious items in the 11901286 rite.*

(xii) THE CULT OF THE MONKEY

The cult of the monkey is a transmutation of the cult of the bird (Garuda), and the existence of this cult is to be inferred from some Bengali incantations against snake-bite.

(xill) THE CULT OF THE SERPENT

The cult of the serpent (md@ga) is very old, and its contact with vedic ritualism is reflected in the Sarpasattra as mentioned in Pafica- vimsa-bramana (25. 15) and as woven into a tale in Mahabharata. The Naga worship was prevalent in Northern India along the rivers Ganga and Yamuna during the centuries preceeding and following the begin- ning of the Christian era. The Naga worshippers seem to have becn skilled artists and artisans and they started making votive images of their deities at an early date. The custom of Jaying in a Naga image or a pillar (sthiind) representing Tvastr the father of the Nagas in the centre of a newly dug tank originated with the Naga worshipers and it is still observed in Bengal. In Mathura Museum there is a statue of a Naga holding a cup in hand and bearing an inscription on the

4

1 Agni-purdna chapters 295, 297, 298.

2 RV इ. tor. 14; AV to 4 4.

§ For this information T ain indebted to Mr. Fanchugopal Ray, M.A., B.T.

4See ‘Niga Worship in Ancient India’ by J. Ph. Vogal (Archaelogical Survey of India Annuul Report 1308-09, pp. 159-63).

INTRODUCTION xli

back which tells us that two friends established the image in their own tank in the fortieth regnal year of Huviska’

The early votive Naga figures are all male. Their worship, sur- viving in the worship of the Eight Nagas, has now coalesced with the worship of Manasa in Bengal.

(xiv) THE CULT OF THE ELEPHANT

The cult of the clephant developed out of the serpent cult as naga meant both serpent and elephant. The serpents of the quarters became in later mythology the elephants of the quarters. The goddess of fortune, an aspect of the lotus-seated goddess (Padma), was special- ly associated with the elephant. There are however iconographical representaions of the goddess of the serpents riding an elephant. In Bengal Gajalaksmi is worshipped generally as Laksmi but some- times as Manasa. A terrific aspect of the lotus-seated goddess is wor- shipped as Kamale Kamini (‘‘Lady on the Lotus’). In Mukunda- rama’s Candimangala this goddess is described as alternately devour- ing and belching out a couple of elephants held by her two hands. It is probable that the animals originally were serpents and not ele- phants. In some old images of Manasé the goddess holds two serpents in her two hands and is about to kiss (or devour) one of them.?

(xv) THE CuLt oF THE LoTUS

The association of the lotus with the deity of succour and plenty ori- ginated in the vedic period. In RV 10. 184. 2 the Asvins are des- cribed as wearing lotus garlands (puskarasraja). The association of the plant with Gandharvas and Apsarasas is hinted at in the Viraj hymn in AV.° Manasa birth in the lotus is echoed in a verse in RV."

(xvi) THE CULT OF THE WATER WEED

The cult of the water weed is connected with the cult of the lotus and of the shell. As 3 distinct cult item the water-weed is men- tioned in AV 6. 12. 3: ~

madhva price nadyah parvata girayo madhu madhu parusni Sipala sam asne astu sam hrde.*

‘I mix the stream with honey; the rugged mountains are

honey ; honey is the eddying brook and the water weed. Weal

be they mouth, weal be thy heart.’ (xvii) THe CULT OF THE PALMYRA

The palmyra (i.e. Indian palm) was an important sign of the cult of the Nagas. In puranic legends it became the insignia of

1 Ibid. p 60, plate Ivi.

2 See Notes p. 294.

$ See p. xxxI1.

4See Notes p. 295. 5 See p. xl. | |

6 The Paippalada version reads: abhi शवे prksa nadyas parvalé tva girayo madhu/madhu prsti sipala samaste ’stu sam hrdaye.

xii MANASA-VIJAYA

Krsna’s brother Balarama as the latter was an incarnation of the naga Sesa or Ananta. Iconographic representations of the palmyra stan- dard (palm capital) have been discovered in the site of ancient Padma- vati which was once an important centre of Naga worship. In the 1270358. saga the palmyra standard appears as the ‘Hematala’ staff of Cando which scared away Manasa and her snakes.

(Xvill) THE CULT OF THE SijA (EUPHORBIA NIVULIA)

The Sija is one of the most important items in the cult of Manasa. It represented the protecting deity of the homestead, vedic Vastospati, and is known among the Kacharis as ‘Bathau’.? In that part of the district of Burdwan in West Bengal where the worship of Manasa as Jagatgauri is prevalent an annual community (i.e. village) worship of the deity of the hearth and home (uvéstu devata) is wor- shipped under a Sija tree standing ncar a tank.’ This practice con- firms the connection of the plant with Manasa who partly represents the vedic Vadstospati.

(xix) THE CULT OF THE PILLAR

The cult of the pillar was from the beginning connected with 7astospati and Naga worship, and the pillar signified stability and peace and permanence. Dedication of such piilars (sthund, yastt, stambha) was known as early as the first century A.D.* The practice of putting in a pillar of wood or stone in newly exavated tanks has been already referred to. Such a pillar is now known in Bengal as ‘jat’ (<<vasti). This ritual is reminiscent of the ancient practice of the worship of the serpent guarding lakes and pools.

The connection of Manasa with the cult of the pillar is not later than the twelfth century as the earliest inconographic evidence goes to the early part of the century. The Paicore pillar® with the names of Karnadeva and Vijayasena inscribed are undoubtedly Manasa pillars, and as I think, they were erected as votive commemoratives of marriage of the daughter of Karnadeva with the son of Vijayasena.

A very curious and illuminating iconographical specimen of the synthesis of the pillar, the cup and the serpent cults is the Snake Pillar at Sadiya in Northeast Assam. The pillar, inscribed in 1532, is entwined by the figure of a serpent guarding the holy cup with its gaping jaws. The pillar was set up in or near a large tank to conse- crate a treaty of peace between the Ahoms and the Mishmis.°®

1 See above (p. xxxix) and plate 9.

* See The Kacharis by Sidney Endle.

3 am indebted to Mr. Sorasi Mohan Bhattacharya for this information.

+ Mathura Stone Inscription (Epigraphia Indica IX p, 247); Sui Bihar Copper- plate Inscription (Corpus Inscriptionem Indicarum IT i p. 141).

» Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report for 2927 -22 pp. 79-8, plates xxviii (b) and (c).

‘The Lohit Valley: in Memoriam’ by Mr. George Prideaux (The Statesman August 9, 1953).

ADDENDA MANASA (p. Xxx)

In many places in West Bengal Dharma and Manasi are wor- shipped in the same shrine or spot. Such was done also in the sixteenth century, as the following quotation from Ciiramanidasa’s Gaurangavijaya (an unpublished text of the sixteenth century known in a contemporary manuscript) shows:

bahagalapura teji calite uttare

dekhila ta divakara manasadra ghare.

karena ta divakara rvugire arogi

mrta jiva [€ jare khaiya thake bhogi.

eto प्रणा dhani dhani kahe gauramani

bhala bhala bali dui janere bakhani.! ‘Leaving Bhagalpur (Caitanya) moved forward to the north and saw the Sun god in the shrine of Manasi. The Sun god cures the diseased, and (by the grace of Mansa) the snake- bitten dead is brought back to life. On being told of this Gaura the jewel (1.८. Caitanya) expressed his wonder and adiniration and praised the two deitics.’

KANI (p. XXXili)

In the sculptural representations Manasa’s left (blind) eye is shown smallcr than the right.

Karani (as worshipped in Marwar) is a deity closely allied to Manasa. The name is a semi-latsama form of (दाति of which Bengali Kani is a tadbhava form.

THE CULT OF THE SERPENT (p. xl)

The eight zaga guardians of the quarters later became the cight Elephants of the Quarters (diggaja). The association of the serpent (vedic ahi, post-vedic ndga) with the cloud (and water) made the transition easy. The conception of the serpents as the defenders of the quarters appears first in AV (3. 27)? where however only SIX are mentioned:

East: Agni overlord, the black serpent defender ;

South: Indra overlord, the crosslined serpent (tirascinarajt)

defender ;

West: Varuna overlord, the adder (prdaku) defender ;

North: Soma overlord, the constrictor (svaja) defender ;

Fixed: Visnu overlord, the blackspotted-neck (kalmasagriva)

defender ;

1 AS MS. (> 3736, fol. 145ab. 2 Also in Taittiriya-samhita.

xliv MANASA-VIJAYA

Upward: Brhaspati overlord, the white serpent (vitra) defender.

It is in the Grkyasiitras that the eight serpents of the quarters are first met with.

The worship of the hooded serpent on an anthill as a deity of plenty in the field (Xksetrapdia) and of riches in store (mahdanidhi) had been an old practice now lost in Bengal.+ Literary evidence of this form of serpent worship is to be found in the story of Haridatta in Pancatanira iii, and sculptural representation in 2 basrelief from Paharput1.

THE CULT OF THE SIJA (p. xiii)

A connecting link between the cult of the Sija and the cult of Manasa is furnished by the following invocation to the goddess occurring in Dharmapijavidhana (p. 98):

avahitast devt tuam snuhivrksasthita sada

sthiratyantam sada bhitva grhe kamaprada bhava. ‘O goddess, you are invoked ; staying in the snuhi (i.e. Sija) plant, be thou very permanent in my house and always be granting the desires.’

1 It is however still known in Orissa. Vide A Study of Orissan Folk-lore by Mr. Kunjabehari Das (Visvabharati, 1953) p. 47.

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4 (छागां त्र ग॑म Bia भश्मोन्र | BAC AVS AY कुश] कत्र ८गांटत्

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of HATA

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कटम्‌ Belew ९९२] fawcia ate awa-egta fre Gaeta Ste | RCIA asda न्न Shay

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निखशरूट्व (भन उट्व्‌ खनं मुकलिग्रो | दत्रिम मूविक-क्रणं (मव serait fe

DSTA कटूनि कारि Coa थोनिगानि। ` कटूनि (कथित) (शवौ fofeal वकु omits Sas टेकल। चान्‌ कृमनि | कूम्भलिब्र कर्णं शब afecaa ates छक्र यांनिन om एडोव्र (शीषर | एक) aay ea « वृष कुगनि गूषिट्क काषिन्‌ cata श्ट कैएनि

थग नील 3

कंएनि fatie cua efaq waa guifer वलन मड Fa (माद्र शन | ना वूिश्रं वौ way कद्विन यमनि coz BIR Sizl fra वनिन उदानौ | ASB] SRV! श्वर श्व्रसिर-गम

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वृक gxifany छव्‌ afe (कन ate | टवटना का-खनमौ यामि eafetay Cyl al qf AST Cam कृत्‌ CHITA क्रमा | एनिन कूभनि wea Cea (कांश्मूथि of मष्टा रे कन) एल-र््या मोक | eae ifn (रौ खानिन छो किर षिन बरख onal दु बन Ged नीम | wld र्त्र निखंक्रट्न fra श्रिषट BATT (र्-गषां एशिक] AeA | यांमि ve siz} ofa मरो aa gator ea ae ब्र्ट-व्रडि

Ba भर्व WW (कष्टक Ba-cN क]नितटर awit aca fastarfe | AQHA TS Sy PRA खमन

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22

Wwe Aes sq

अनमांविङग्

att wate

comme क) मभैव्र

गर्व]रू मरि BSA

maa wifea com

BATA (दनां NEA

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` अखिमम्र क]गट्ाट्न

1ATAY एक BCA

aecacs afar cHaatce

एश्वयगरट्न AVL

sifaate faataa

afsa विशि नंग्र-भीँटृड |

शष्ट मटश्श्चैव

श्रूं टम निव्र्व्र

वांग्रमण्श्ड ए-छाट्न

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क्रम कद्रिन FBS |

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SAT BATA ACG

कन्णिङ sFq SHC |

HICH कृक्रना-्खट्व

aca fae faciaica

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थै AeA

रत्र विन्प-ख्टकर HH BCT HF HPs GH MVS aca | (मशिम्र उक्ष fay cata cracnica रिसं विग्ना ope Stew Sates | निर्वन निश्टभैव डक aS ATA ofA

fe वक्ति कद्विव वल ettccta नैकिन |

CAIBIS al काटन श॑क्र BSA कांवर (वचिं APSR वटन वांश Gea | छेअरतरिश्र। areata चिन (महेथांटन ट्व बरक] 98 यिं वरि Beata | डुद्विटड एनिना। शंकर शक्छिनी-वषटटन Cifaa यांश व्र afer (मेषान | ainaara नैकर एनिन Stacy शेत्रिवांने ASA] शेक वणे Atay

* fata iste

पक

Tr yan: rae

=

qe,

- wb +. as . ae a a ee se eae

Manasa as Custodian of the Poison Pot worshipped as Kotasani at Katsangarh (Archacological Survey of Mayurbhanj Vol. 1)

HACE BADR Bem Alga

ay cofwal acy araioa faa | वदां वा-गेक (कन ATR AAA परिक विषम aca ननम-किङतु

So AMT

@y ay farafa caer गंव्रकानं मकन (वडा VFA Tats | castfeta Meera (पयिन fair fe canter ख।निन्‌ एकं afer गृननौ fafaca छौनिन्‌ (मरे Glee कोटम्‌ facag निनी शला गनम।-कनम | विद्र) aay भिक ख।निन cantca ACY मृनांल HR वुधरव्र VRC | aay wos णान frit कदन छक्रयुशं एकर शमं द्म | Frey aya 1b foe मद्‌

गकिन गक CHM AALS यमव | waa एशन athe ननि atta aiey खनि Cel AHTAA CAT 9 | ee ae seq खश्रूनि इञंखि Mat Wale एन श्रा दौ |

शन नानु

Sawin shan मनम Bar नामि ofits ba (जन (तयि SRT | भेद्विषांन saree विष्टिं दमन

POA (कषतर VY FF4 GA |

agi caf fatife afer afony SY Care एगिन्‌] शेव्रमाननगप्र | AMIS Coal cra दास्कि-खट्थट्ख om (भरि वांशूकि claq न। ACS | fait ia दटनन aq ape शुद्र यख।मि निर्गम Cem उव्‌ उनेनौ BH | गटर्ट्णव्र BUR खना शरे SUF

aty गनम। नित्रक्षन-खव्ांव्र। Gay aay ofa afay ataie caw ध्वम्‌ क्रि ca vat CAG | aca Agata aq शृिवौ एरिन समृ ofan मवं (पदभ एिन | एर्‌ नान्‌] ग्नि atfacaa fate gfe नोट्गेष्त्र विग शिनि बशगडि। ore विष्-यिकबर fray asics Vag att यात रिन्‌ ङ्न | नौदटभैव casts (मदौ जिंख्छमिन ata गृ्ध-शक्र-मकाि Baz मश्व | भेरा atta नि्ींनि चंगन शूट (नां

aicatce acatice नैकर! कांनिषटर त्ररेन। |

ह्न MCA उरे Gost मन न-एव fas दिथेक्ाम शौन

So aACIga

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ाविन #कष-न्क | we वव्र VTC aaa कवित faa |

28

अनमाविक्लम्‌

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सकन WHS SS CF कद) Colca FF im यञि Hetfwyy

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aif @ afr era कोटरेषु frwi-wista मश्व afar

Sq उक्ला tea जोव शूद्र few form गवि ste-gon fates |

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(्व-श्थि गु्क NR ates यानन मिल मांश्म भ॑रे दशन यैडखकिनु |

SUT निमि शृर्वं गेक्रिनी-मन्रम ICS एव्र aa छंग्रिन BATH

wate afer act || SN Say कष्ट गि याभि fay aac |

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29 Ht fa

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शकृ (छागोव्र मर्व AF वव व्ट्दु।

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मनमांविङस >> अराति

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28

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दम देश्र] शा ATA fe faa गावात etafs eca eta ca |

CRCSTA STH भूनि गो ेटङ vai श्नि ब्रमण खंम्रशवनि Bea

माहिकं cms Stra qr fA टन्‌ collars मगन शूट्ब्र |

fafay ata aice

Sala शौन)

etary oa मोदकं

eta यङि cata aia

apa fa anton

aay afeatcy

alba Acmta Stator |

38 aaa

श्द्रसिर yay waa भवनि Savtta-aayta Arta छनि | एम AHH AY) कीन SSA atafs भर्ति वाट गृतण वमान | (ञ्खेव्र कत॒नांन atce fofer seta arf ateca घन ais (म वमान | क्निनोम पष्ट खांव्र atace मनि grata गरन) खातर ace AS AA | ष्ट ऽनि sara rx मानन मन टेक योरि (पव sca शूश-दव्रिम। Bieler Bat! Qe श्ट्न ब्व्रार्टन वृमिनां gtan-oca वियम्‌ नटन

1 भरोत

छत॒रकां व्र-मनमोम् नन ALA afae-afaica खानि (नख) fast पिन टे wa) विड जिन विवि विषींटम ata ब्ग (सो ङक विदलन नन श्ट्न | afeca eicat मभि satata ८डांफन्‌ कद्रिन ce खभृनगांन | mia) aoa मक्रन VAAN छदरकाव्-गूनिदव्र Fara Tee TA | ATH FO OS नांश-यवजीब्र aftag afc ca att-cersty |

ate fafs artsy atfes aera ety Safe fra मनमोत्र ees |

SS BSz oho cast seq ates

era भमि coratca कृतिन्‌ जषा | ना वृद 5 Sta ata मनम्‌। Haha att-asay om कत्रि atatfaty | खेट मूनित्र atc acpa Bea foaftaraty cara sateen (कम्‌ पृनमक्किट्व्र oa Tea waar

afar यदत्र atc< Siar aa | मनम्‌ crfaay भमि aca Sa वाट्म fag नहि ety मनि नांटभ॑व Sates | (न्‌ काटन Show ofaal वौट्व Aa टूट afer coe cafe fra ष्व | (रकं (तमि मव" नात THA मघम गरिम वभिन) aly एकि गन | शाट्थ्‌ aifa aca गना छार UTA atare gaifa oar वशेन atc शरि acm atrsy atfes freta at fe cars श्रवो निम्र (छागां | afaca कांवर (मेथि पिटनन चिम) ALLY AAA WS बट्‌ FSSA | fantom cea (एवौ aft नहि atc cama Sian cat कौनिन Facaica | aisieca afraa (भेन नोनार WICH CHT AWS See AREA | farsa खानिन शत्रा एरय यन॑गान miaae कटने (तौ fasta शान |

8

88

oy

SHH Hor-eayty afaal दिन्नम्‌ siferal (नत्र Gifs Stee BAT CHET खन ATA Crary टर्न cwsrca | Siew CHAT CATS Stee त्रि APT CH YA ACPI | cara acy कि निग्न fare मादे ८य fermy Hale |

द्रखे{नि Masters

aaa fawa

afay acta megs Caren aiga ननन |

मारे श्टेन Qaata cranca ofan dtetal wice acatfas fe afera ८कन चवि al cry (नांङष्प्र ऊग्िन्रा नर्न fag we Aree गिव मनदर््‌ | यनम कन्म SHMNTA fan विवयैलाम तुम्‌ खट्‌

गम्मा-अखट अट

लग्नां Coeds (टाल्न नकर नकी eferay ज्‌ al fs femty eB cities |

avis rigttet गच्छ & खड गरसिष्ठ नाोञ-सस्व्रन खेदने-ख्ट्म्न AH ब्रम य्न

aateni कत्रिन भैमन।

निगिटस मव सानि ANH WS भनि “CBla TCS ABST

Baa WAIT PAA-AW ACH ए) कम्र] Bene cox |

ef नेश्ष-खांक [भिम] च्ट्े «tet Beal ङनिट्नन ट्च

(डां मव खडश्टल SAB SAHITYA Catia awe cee cutca |

Bea DASA Batra weavers ale cH भष्थ ea ath

wii श्रि Bice Jatrsal Sea afaca ae gst ate

WS AY

WA He awa वि कटथ्‌] faca ane शेर मरिन

eae शंग्रावर) HE ८4 URafs Blea ययि fae ata |

qafy निषश्तरि सामि (म्‌ चटकौ Reals नारि चूय-ङ)

रे AACA कि (वान कटवृ (माव wifes aica catca (काशा

ela भूनवव HUIS AZ दल) wats Cake

सिक गाग तर ट्टे शनुगनु afeq श्ट्कद्‌ bata |

afes-afaaa (नष्ट fea a4 qe मनि (लो दषेन

A (नदट्‌ Bay See)

विशि (न क-शव्रम्‌!५।

AHCI Boe Aca waite TAA] CATE, BAF

ay क्छ lft srg निके fa! Hay stafweaye |

afta स! 4183) सित्‌ माम 387 HCA वार्कः

tafe safe ABIES MRCS वणि भिनत |

दनिश्‌ safics नष

भुर Hg ABCs टगर tei] मभि गिंव्म नाम| तुर afes faa विपथ्॑।८म |

उजग ata ATT

80

8

> AISA

र्मम नाटय as afeq विश॑टन ARPES क्रमेन BLT (खंगटन | ककि at ces एनिन्‌ कांनट्न

macy इब्रिन ACH टर्न RAAT |

वृक मुगङि ati sifacas Cia ean afer eta afet veya | cantfoat aris एनिन eta wes ममि मूनि Sal (न जत्र SITs | खक्‌ किशर] aafe वन Swag

are ate रव्रिगै विक्षिद श्र ca | भूनि cafe (शन ब्रांज] Sista HATA caren SH एनघन्‌ किख मट्म्र gee | asta नां stew aft qe ना cerca wel (पथि aR frs-ate (कटन BA CHACTICA Weltsics माटनैव Soy ध्टकव्र aca fea बृनित्र cata |

णो $श्रूटम बरोभूनि (कांट्णं णिनि गौं He-frrrece (डबर प्रश्यिघ्वकं गांश | WIS टर्न तां] दक्नर्भो भं नौ! Cay मङ्‌ fre दट।८न छेडद्विन feta |

aaa aay SSF नन)

कशिनि Hea sel जमिव नक्रा ace गौजमिल नटनं मब्रूटशे HCTEA | छन छन गात्रा ai दविर wy

AF Ctl ASe-Taly Tal*y | Slay थडांश करि cotaty खट्थट्छ गर्‌} मङ्‌ नाटय शिन वन-गर्वट्ड | qyafg as क्रि caq satay net एनिल्‌ शम्र्त्रितव विग्र |

ne fafa मक्र-श्दव्रि cea ata Siatca यांनि ate ale ayeity | aitsy कपिर afea cotata

< facaya व्रण खम] मञांकांव॒ | छनि मरत! afege ९! जकृ-तरेत्रि ऽन्‌) BCA GSA | “rasa Afar Bice fracdca aay fracH att catfas Gece | qian cea cata कशमि८्ड ateca Aeifs oc न। asfrary बटन | (नां कभूटथ्‌ efaaice eal aaa qeicater fea Sia we safe | fas दितम्‌ दटन aaan-fesy भृन्रकृद्वि-नच्छटकं facaty नींव

2 जि ate

मूनिव्र रेन भाभा) ्तिस्‌-यर्त्र Czy SRR SH यां॑गन

facaty खां ब्र्ध caica शप्र वांक्रगै८दटग्य कनकृढे faa (नाएन |

bet शला

us कत्रि निज्‌ fow Cay] qu safas fac faa भगम

AACE DH CHTB नटन (नाट TOT ONT AL-ACH नानै-ख छत्रम |

cae गल्क्रतर Way afeaica sata MT DISA BITS “Ta धन

SSBC CHE SF Sten वन wry गट्कट्ब्र FAS HAT |

चांफ-वाण, BZ कट्व cartatfes कटनवट्व्र femal कवुटग्र काट

(कांग aa श्खत्रि निद्र (कान aa} विग्र याभि Sica |

CHE WE छदा] वद (कन्‌ निं GIT HS वषे कन्‌. Baetae

नद्ो्ट्न fem ae सिमिलांग «cs गं eyafa (कयिव ८क्मन।

eft cone cota ata 9 dara fa-saicot foray करिन्‌ wea faqaq

खन wan Ay ary CSPNTA BER ट्दतरौ खादेन्‌ NA aFae |

Stal नि HEMI «| cHTMTATA कटश SIA aaa गां थान Sica

nice fag we-faxi नारि कट्वर faafaa निन faaty efaatca |

catcnes Sed खयि वनान्‌ विब्य एकि ee wife नखिन्‌ estates |

SY SSF WS CHANTS छत्र Fiz म॒र्वटनांक (लवि एरक

aw fay GRAS ata Pr BT SS eaca दिवम खवाब्र।

84

Sb

CALS भग्र ATS "+

भनम्‌] विंग

UA FH YA खंड

(फथिवाटव्र atea Sta ates

QE eal CHSC

MUlsy कृष्श्ट्न

faafpey faa वियंगा्म |

sw] ने ats

quis aca wall fe ata (लगाव कान Gifs cartel Cay Gary Stata | fea) afooia कतरि ate ae crcl भमन कि BS CAG SES farce | SLUT GFE GLE GA AR-Aly

सोरे facata cag (गागर eiata | किमिन)ग ae eal छिन wiley खर्व ofaal 40874 शुन YC |

छं छि atce ai Stay Batata जशवद्वित्र aa ate हानिव cotta |

एष कव्व दटन्‌ atl गह asta Bory] Sea cata वनै Ts | eat-facataly नग 403 (ङ) arata STARA Cota She wtcatata ) cits यांनि कश्मर afay ae aces Mea मम्‌ ean विव्।दमब॒ कार्या | efi (खो गात we (नाटक वन cotaty caisca याशेष विवर atace : ayiiaty Hs Sq मव्‌ खक्‌] तु" araettfa cay athe cata मटन वभे; यरि वक्त] ate atfe गणन area atfanty उटव्‌ eal डांखिन्‌। गगन | efial Bota वाक] Ae षूरागगि

डो विभ] कटश cate wa Cam नि | गृनराग्तोशूटय He REN यमभद्र

fae frewty ere कित्र Stata 1

8 "ara

मिशन aly ana eat qyafa

fi) we eq (कन cats aatafa | facayq Gay २७ cefes खांजिं acvel wy offs Caray aa-Quicd ASI! | HSA CUBA CaITA AA खर्ट SHIH CoS (ङ HSE CHAT | fas aco मक fy Cent matey निनद्रकएटम्‌ gfa stfeca atata | care af माक्रौ Hace athe Sy GLE ख।भन Ux SS गच्छि vy | SRL SY TAT HS टेश्न (कांमुयि care af par दरया मह Cae मांक | खिन (नाक ail क्वि खटटव्र (तरंगा स्यां शेनि aace fee cata (नन नौ | छक्ररुट्न BAC THA दे खन गनोशौनि Ge sal (कोट्गं छडोंगन | Frage ore wer fect छाटृश्‌ way टन ge fey ate ace | fog sy atta मक stage fra xara fare ay fea | ममतम Fe खन Hoty fafrs

HHS) CH CHIR खचि Bafa | fascs atfrai ace किनि ara Slee ataty ot fra were | waifs fray मङ्‌ बृन्टनांड Nea ofacata Cae मक्‌ alates fra |

eifon aera att eal वहति aca fy टेनन ate यकागु-कव्। faacacy SES Bata ACA (भेन SAG sia ater facary दनिन | arise कतरि विक ace रीरा | खकाल-दतत्रि acm हिन श्ट Cen | पि ट्वा AH AA रोत्‌ Alea द्रं टेनन ate न) gfe विवर | ware भूनिद्र गांग शनन ate MAHA METS ICA नांमांनैट्थं Ata | fats stam att कदििन्‌ शेगन विषख।टन antag ८रुकिन छौवन | atata यद्र (परि भरिण CHa (मनां शुखि Gal कटक र्वन्‌ | यदश कमन Cia महान ffs als stew मटर देप विच्छ्‌ | eH Shan काट्न atsattaca fe Gory ace atel cotara feeca | cea त्राणा रि ate fads श्हेल fea cotca Sta HS Sate sia Ce Cr CR EC वा] कन Aarifs ace Fa FAVA | कानि का निट मृटड Vem yew शृठिन xaqreca atfes भश्विड | peacd मियनीजं महनि कनन बथशरंढ श्रि cotca कद्र करन | कत्र Fata छात्र yer खन भिरा SY ABTA ATS Baty श्रि | acca cotata Paul sian aaa yar siss कद एूमि कान कि.कातुन। fq Cem जनम ARCH कनन अद्रिका कन गि] ciate मन | q

Bee नीलां

CHA Sco CH काकणं fica Ae लक्र छश Alay AACA | कवन कटउक HI Bly निन caret (टमं frail Bic Aveta | विथिमट्र ante Coe पनयडढ यापि श्रि afacety tary हिप वद्निधि। कवर shets शतिर] नक्र गक्ष (र्न aCe face पतन कव्रिलन चभ्शा | Aye यवृ (ध्‌ Cent कद्व gfas raced पिन शिवौ efor | वटनेटव्‌ छटनाखत्र शूद्ताहि जए ufescieg ise awe BATA |

मकल a देन नाष्टि wary दष्टेमियवक्शेण (गन निखं cH | निशरू्व्र छंत्यरथग्र श।जमिलं cea पुकि aca ace (गभि निष्ट वभिभ्रा | गष्टादूकषि afar कटिम्‌ रिव

यप गर ate Fare कि ats | es aafeiecata fapta कद्विन गक्ग-विषांटन GCAACA BS] CHA वियनम।-एव्राण्‌ कद्र festa

faa faanta ace fess Stata i

@ aint दांएशव्रौ

afi मड (मनि wagfe ten atcara Fanta ara atetcs eal | वाटत Hata ater fasica afew HST "AAA मम A यशश |

8a

(9,

दमौ afery वृट्कट् गन

fe ata faq वूर्िष्टिट्बव्र नक्षन्‌ | aafretaca cacy ated acaay gare facy टत ria aera | olfect cas याट atafiaore टेमन्र CHATS Ste यमशथा भनन्‌ | निखा-(नां८क acTSA रृतग्रनौफिड | Stfacs fofers Cem awe cate eaca दिशि cen ate ऊटश्रखग qa कव्रिट्छ ate बटन SPA | faretna Cece ata Gia Awa cay crate sie एनिन दद्व | atafaa कटश ata arcara विष्व Ata Sars cam खत्रन छि्लव्र | (श्न SICH खश्वि८ CHITA A AVE GAG FA OTA मर्दन |

ay aica os दिख qe fas AH BAM मनींवांट्ड carey ays | (गीटकट्ङ ate Cem (मदे दिणयववु av माव्वि fara faa aaa fase) STFA ATS] SI] sfacye ¶गन (मेष टन cory खि cacat कीन | षिटभव्र plas ated (पदिन नग्रघन AA atfa gem fae भशन कांनटन। tifa faceca sce ate खट्त्रसग्र BES coraty कर्व (थि atest Sz | at माव्रि acts वन्‌ कि stag Raia Jars कड द्िद्छत्र नन्नन | ofan ateta aay aa faraa sees atta aie एःजिर-खड्ब्र |

अनम विज्ञ

faa वन यवशांन कवर महागभ (८माषएट्गव्र कटन हिक छट मर्व-शौ्र | क।निट्ड कांनिटङ ace गएशप्त-जांस certs व्रहिग्र दि णिनि निश्राम। कि ata afeq atel ara farce ABs HATS Cam CATA ICA | (भै कांनघ्न wee atta faatface नात्रि CH BAT कानटन caste af atfa | निमा MTSE वाक] NS SCT निखा व्र ated cate pifeey श्र | ८नाएटनव्र GTA MWS छट कंटग ब्र वौटशेत्र Tay कट्‌ विट्कव्र cotta | हेन शन षिकदव्र sfeca coratca मा रे खनिट्ष्ट याग खष्ट्व्र aifeca | uted गूनिव्र “it खनटकव्र टर्न

nay रिवम ace छक्रटक्‌ कशनिन | AATITS गिर) (गोत्र cae नवरहनांक शद्वि न) गात्रि यान वाट यङि (शाक | (ङ्न cate निदांत्िव (कमन थकांटव्र Seta Sata षिण as Fe CUT | MSS निग्र faa Stir टत qrteq विषठगाटन दनटब्र AACS | Seta Soy करि wus aris AAG Wes FI यांमाब्र शेषि step कवौ Sfx ceca cata faw कब्रङ्‌ मटश्ब्रि A Bil Aralfes | fagaca खर ait गाद्रिव catetan कंडिन Tata os sa hy Cea |

नृएदे यदुर 3H Af Fa अनृटटव्‌ BCA छान Acq faetuty

Beet शौन दारय

खनिभ्रा facea ara aca निवन खानि.

ahs QP Seay ater कटश Atel fawazag fe aq coat” sca Sia यि) caca owe |

Cat ata दरे. eracaica afseqay (श्म CITA भशन Braca

“TY QEaca नं खजिव aPretcar AIS FA बुट्ड्छव्र WRT |

faetica “foe eth ज॒-नभिख। निनी चम WISE HAG TOMA

Paucar WSS SITs SPSTITA णन VIS ALATA SITS CSA CUA |

एटन टेम (मनां नैखि Sai ay गश तधौ शंसनम्‌ न) @ty feta (यन aR नखि SCUSA Way wie

CAVS-AATIHAS |

Sal Cols AAAS afstacat मौनि निक aca किनि wate

ayaa खानेन aca किख Cora ae कटब्र eefig aqast खन |

शशि1-८नांक वट als GUS ननन CBITA ABW STA HAAG

wicnfaay वक्कटन खांटक ACAafsesacs afem facoa मव SGI

afaace ace frat तोका जङ्‌ Ce टनम्ना eae yous नान। fae

Ruasifse भर्व्टन गोंरारेन्‌ निगञ्जटर यङ) मरामूनि वाम खारि]

9

८२

मनमि

बट व्राद्छ) aratay wife यामि aera fafa Wey खां तट्ख

SISA मत्रगुख्ि

खख्टत्र कृशि ufo

Bal als ए!टकं गकशषएट्ड |

wy faa acaties

faq यट्खद्र aS

fagaca atcta Faerie

गनम(-षएन्रग ALS

aca यवि afe

faafoa fag विधतम

न्म AAS

दिक cafes ACS ग॑वन-भेगटन cay atfaca भित्रा firey षद्रगटन।

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pee शौन

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मप्रङ्पग्र वटन TAATA ea मव Pret

Cea 4कमछि कव्रिग्रां atts ARE मनम।-षब्र |

astiaa ffs याभि oatast wae कां ब्रन

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कलमी SH नांचिटकन eb ननम aia Bhs

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शूनं If fran bq efam VAR PLY ATH

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स्यानि सर्न-वाचि Sarit कवि गिच्छ-न ofa न॑य

ata wia कचि (लकौ विसरति Bex रकित |

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Was ates कलिव श्रनि धन श्रूखं खाक मान

aca sa कच्चि (णवो faaata fete frazai-fafa

fie भर्वन्‌ ` ais Beas srecy arta ST |

नान्‌ FSVCH IECA ASH CaS गाज AAI

तम्॑यो wees fsfet cara Sta eo Harts |

AIA AVA गशोकृङ्शन ofan waa

Fasitay aterari टेन विश्च apa ae दिधि ata जा॑चि।

ACY CHAS

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fan fairs

el कट AAACN |

ats oats

कब्र इखि

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Baty चशैनि

नटम Bray Bie |

ataica cafes

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रोमन्‌ हटमन OTA यैवान Gea ष्रिकान चा द्य Bay Ba | “COP Sats म] खों facatfas एसिड भमन Cam दृष Bars | Cortatfer efigat sta धनन्‌ (तेरा ङ्गव एनिन शश शाएनि नक्र | वषि वकृ frat पिनि एमन नाण कषम पव Bry मर्व |

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विनि (वटव stata atface catca ety |

us | मनमांविकग्र

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घन धन RAT Faq वह्छन् |

am aifratcy यामि ate (महे ace cawtfeal ata ace States माबरिट्ड। देष] छनि cotta fart catcrics निन मां ्रिटख atetAAc मृखाटव्र (ङकिन | 47 शबर SUF कट्ब्र यविगौग

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(शंनाटमन्र Hols aS (रन का॑ट्म एन YOUST] षर मटन CATT | SAR कौए-८नाक। MLA SF CRA छूर-घटॐ face (कश cals | (८य।भांन Bea cotta far afwrry Bice कत्रि कांए-(नांक नेन Seg | Sul CHA CHATRs seta (शाषत्र TVA ब्राट्थे we Satz fess | Clap एँ शन ait मिट न। शाद्व STAG शाशेन (ठ Sata feors | SPAS CAC CHA ATS वद्ध Sata शिबिरं भिन। (गेटे (शे ate | qa वटगन जोकि छैन विषडिम्रा

वर्ष्‌ छ.क गव GAS ब्राशिघ्र | यख] शुगर विषिगश्र। श्रवि-न fae faetata aca मनम्‌

विभौ

faay faces खाटन

छेखत्र-भिग्रट्त्र bc

HIcy fee carta fray

मनभमांत्र खांख। नीरे]

टव्रसिड विषङ्िप्र

STF MF ATY भर्वन |

माशन वुशांखन

नेब्रङन TIGA

saga atfay fasts

Cwa-facq नखि

WS Bl खानि

cate! cate Baca गरे |

(मदभिन बनि

थेनुषिन डकडिन

मदन caters (काऽ

रश्मि atfey एना

गनिम sfaq-Cai

ब्रष्ग-टेष्ठ) इष्ट टे वाटा |

wera Aza

BSS शौन ९८

शोक्रन cHpfa-Cai

कटर शंखं qets aay

RMS नवां ष्टम

शेष शणि इट्य गृ

(खा व्‌] (डं द्‌ CHTSTA मत्‌ |

ainifa atatia afer

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COA ङ्न-माट्‌।

(गोन मागरूत-भोरां

WEAR टेन बृष्टि |

नभिव्रणणि afi

शिवु arate

छेगब्र-मांर्‌। श॑खिन ज्राटम खांव्िग मब्रिने जानू ऋनांन मूनछान मानू (कथि शश्र! यडत्रौटक शटम |

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atare sate cota al |

र्‌] खि न] सि ataigat

ख) वक्त्र एद (गोहन

afay afay शवत्रतांत्र

राय सौरव मामि

गृक्रन atrifa कारि

afacaih atra प्षिव्र।

aire Tics fey

कित्र मभूतं fing

पानां दन्न afer aay

fae दिथाम बटन

TTY ASCH

fre foe aife afaata

1. 4 ait aKortal

छेन गै Fat etary Fahour

aaa after crata Stel Tea

STG ACY BS CSF जन Aca

दहिन atates वा] sfeata काट्णं |

farts cafe Sty, ब्रषोंव्रणि star Rica हटमन aire ae] गछनिटम द्भिभ्रा | HVAT (गेन STS Beem विकम wafay afam कटर चैत्र मकन

कृष्म! Siar मटन ब्रां वीन FIM

कवुट्ग्र इट्व्र Atal WALSH] खन्‌ | cHeatcy ननि face (षयिन (शोगा (केष ङि यारे छावर ater रामाय |

७४५

ABE Whoa (शमम caval 4S GTA मट cry ateaicaca atfrata Aca | छातरिन्‌ ब्रांशान मव Mea FETS निक-एांन षट निप्र fay चटकं एर | ota face काफए-८शोांक। ofa नींडेन cae corel ate Cam मञाटव्र शांरेन | facay aterta ace for निघा arty (न eee मटव otatce वगर | ofan Stata ase sie aaa gata मनम CHM WAS FTA | SAAT CAS AUCH खन Ca ATT CH Ne Ara Ata ITS THAT | errata ao sicatfaal भैष ata seen firm (वौ निखं चठ Ace | ८रनकांट्न MS वान्ति कत्व कुड coral छग यांनिवाटव्र ate (महे शेषं तश्र | faa fafa etfs ata ata कांलांकूनि यम्वूगि gargia नाकिंवि Bafa (एविप ata atm वदन He वांगी cater ater एङ (कन शिम एाेनि | erates येनि रमन विष्टमांन

माक एग कान saz खनैमान।

अनम विङश्र

cial श्ट यादेगि वृषि छशेनि हिनृप्रानि नैष stfu cre वृर Crm कारे गनि | ran qe wes (एवौ मनां

ata aval a (व्र cool cots Fea wa! HS CVA SA ACS मनम afacw faufeui Yd शरेग्रा खत्र CHT ACT aca Ara (भेन Sif षटैत्र frees gota facaq एांन ate Sra WE | क]ए-(भाक। StI ATA नींरेन Wes cafaal मकन दौरि cents aes | wf fafaca ak कए-८नै) क] fire age aces कृषि थनांम देव्‌ | iced कब्रि कोषएट-(नांक। नैन ot fra Vise नटन शट ata faxfex | GE al दजिग्र दानिं atcaca carta विछिन्नं ace fara eta aifie- ora | माद Ir Faw नक्शेन faxfou

Be Bier वुक्‌ otf af एनिग्रा | QE OCB BA BH AA (र्न ICS बरशिन एेशत्रि aie ataei sfare | areal (शेन Bafa कमन aaraty facteiy कटश Bq ata विपकद्रि

गौरि ater Baca sth sty

AY-GCY WHY

Acasa रो नन-नन्रेटवर

कवर्ण-द्ष्ड A}

व्र cates atfa atfa

TS NS खन fracz |

टवटम खर Starts}

WS als विषटक्छम

MATAR CUTS कृटनदब्र

ACA ८० ACHISF

Wie (जन fratag

aaty cats निव्ख्त्र |

ped mata

oan यटवभिन्च। atacaa aa

नारि fog दर्ये cate गकं यांनन्किर corte cefam (कङ्क विवर्ब्रि |

“cS विचित्त Acer हनन SHAH ASTH PACH WIA

Sol AST UF कछति-न्त्न sty CATANTA CaTATA चटन Aq |

CBE TCH SH Ay (कङ्‌ eta catntay (कृष्‌ (श्वर गत्र para

CPS व्‌] टनव SA क्त्र खं] कवि aa CHE ACH AYA catata |

cee खांनन्क्डि Coal. दवटर्नव कां CTA sate Sia can Bical

(कङ्‌ sta fant) खट्‌ fag atle ait fraafe (मद्व Sitst SICH

+ife qeafan कवि (काव catata afa asieal satay कटव्र

CATA cHATA] BS TRUS WS WS मष। “ib र्‌! चिव 4 |

CHEW YT PTA (कङ्‌ GA) PCA TA wy कत्रि Pay ARIA

STSe Chae cate erica fanaa जका aca कनिग्‌ ८कां

faye कनिन। गिन गू्नम।नि Prareey St] टेदट्ज SS गूष्टनग)।न

Prete ante ag ANS TST Fe faqea afar (खनन fast-fasi घटन धन खथ] SCA मर्म

जक] capitfas खअछ्िगैम् catetitca can ata कानिम्‌1 (कांव्राम Sra कत्थ] ASA AH SA | ८काशु। cate wife an Acad शाखं cra fafa कटग्ररू। कृषृश्टग

v4

vor

मनमांविकषद्

anata ष्टनिय कति ट्व ata षत्राधत्र नान ICU वश्णब्र ASCH |

८रनकांटन atfial arta faca कब्र fara शमन cttoce fetal कम्र

(नि gate cry छनि ater कूक द््न विथ्रौम ace भविनभ्र

So विशनेणौ

एव्र A यां कचरा ofa ACSF BS CHITH (छन CEM STA

मषटन yoru wife ` विषम निश्ींम ष्णि AY SPAS BAA |

मारिभ्रा (तानाम wife ace नोकादेभ्र। aif

(वांनांशेट्ड tata axa

eta (ब्रगोरिश वाड «asa कतिर] मां

खरु fey tera Saiz |

ह्‌गन-र्कुम ALY aifem cata ata | erty मखनिम कटव्र कासि | SU FH HIGHT TSA HALA ACA

मट्ड नैर्नछनि ae athe |

aifeal weta (नेन | aif erica पैरोदेन (जलांय sia Tawa

aad (नष्ङि (कोड = ata किन दकिकरु किनि AEF |

aife (गाह्य) carat गखनिटम भर्वन ofan MSs ₹किम

मट्व cay गौखगंखि SY खाट नब्रश॑णि यक्र्न THI TTS |

हंजन एटमन (काट षन cote CHE cote

ge SIE (नकटम्‌ वाद्व

जांणं HTS CICS चन CICA शप्र Wea AGS BCH GEA AAs |

दर्थ शाना

Te ae Us हारि मोणिन ace otis aes ferta खनिव्‌।

wice नौं थेविभ) cate पमिति टर्न (काण Sot Sor Etetca aera |

कौ्ट्न faa (भान नषि Sry cota ACH SiS) SS catanta

धतु SS कृ BS AH TH AS AWS ata seg माकन atta |

WITS GS coranta विट्म Saints Ate (ष टक (ए1्छ Sia टव Atal

aufe sigtt os atal acy fagfas ङ} जन दटमन (वणि शान |

HITT ASA पाटनं तेनुटन अषृत्‌ BITH ङ| जन छटमन चतुमा

वामौ state श्र CHCA FE FA OI afaa) eyca Sita खांग।

परु नणि Bib नानावा शद्विन

ताम तछयम। बरशट्व्रान

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cata काटा यांग मड] छांकिनां ख।नैनि

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frien AAW catcy weag | दाबरू-८कां८१ छक गात्रि ace wer (खां शंन विनं नकं firey त्र etal | ्41टन cafoa कानि afea arace नक्‌ नक्र ATT CM ACH ARATS | FFF GTHF Ale cafal CaaS eae cafoa faceted ग्ट व्र | यगभ atte CACY CBTITS cHfaai Stra qe उम्र ATA एत्ड | AAU CY (खन Ce” यनि्वांब्र (८श्नयल्छ ae TCH BATS | craray smiata (कथि नानी ब्रङ

घन धन 199१ BY TAIT | ङमटनवु ates खारि नाड (विड मनम।विखष्टे विष्थैाम feast

49

१२ 29 ब्रन THA

धवन atcaa तन (निग्र) रजन

शत॒ FFT AWA कनद घटम चन |

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भअनमांदिकगु

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bee ate

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49

९8 att थङंड

UHRA CHEF शमर्‌ मर्दन

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wal ata नारि sta कट्वर mite wiza ety ofa एनि seca मच्टव्

aire नाटक atyeafs afacary शग डयि wsfaal एलिन Ica चटव्र।

वृ free] जट! जटं wiretca एश्मिन asics विस-ख।टन (मांष्टत्र (गागर

यिन मरि (को CH (नानाटमटव्र Cala नाल दिवि धनप्र amt ecw Sta |

विचि ata तट वृ] fenty ata शाट वांशं aia क्ब्वि षन Bice

“fe ata नेनि द्म catstea wife CBB (कङ्‌ (वषि GIT (कत्थ्‌ |

cafacs ट) ऽग्रंन ata well विचित्रा ta Stiacse Stes (मष्‌ BA

gz sire qe gfe दिवि ata avtale कांनटसर apeatear fa (काट्म।

gat (कथितश्च ice afasica ety गाथ दिम्-श्वट्न ATI कृ AG

gata afaal cerca बोकृूष्ठि. कानि aca यांसि कानि दण atfow

faga दिन्तूव ary ACF CHC SS etra-ate शरन eaty विग्र) मनगाटकवौ वियताम ace कृति

कां८न्‌ GG,% ङ| दिग्र fame

eqn Fara

att काना

ceil catata Atul

श] ग्र विचित्र] caret

STE (खान्‌ BIA SITS

aiata SEs] Stary

ट्र Sify Stet ater

कांग MEH छात WTA |

WMH MSH मानं

(खान्‌) ca aH वांशं

व्दाकाश्च CHOTA NTA चन्‌

(व) (छां द्‌] घन वनि

cepa stcea ननि

एनिग्र! afer र्म |

बृ] CHT SF गटन STS (वोंटन AEA घटन UG नाछा fra afora

(मभि sica Faafeay

विनट्श णे] fetal

खांश्ात॒ WGA ATH Ala |

NICE RIS FNS

ae निक्निन्‌ छांट्ड

careta याम वनि ory

इ] मन-ननट्व खं

CHA] CATH भ॑ नै

दट्व fanfoa कांनांनटन।

afsaay afar

गिन शांमन-ङ1 हि

“ट्व altel cae कर्म Bry

विश्न] गनमाँटश््वौ

faa िद्ैणम्‌ कदि

विव्रषटठिन शद्विम-खङ्टद्र

ने aia

मकनि मिन बांका ट्‌ंमन-ननव्र

खदित मर्नुमिब्र ATS चटत्र षट्व | ceaticn र्‌।जन विचित्र वटम्‌ ष।न। NBS a CHE (टक्‌ CHE टम | afam stata वाख sea कारव citer sfacs विवि cin कैषर्त्र |

atafs यांनिग्र एनां atfratca जाब as fies Otis fers Gow (क tata we fam ae aca fra शत्र विष्म शिन्ूत्र go dies four |

ztiy ata यणि विदि कांजिग्र। विकल Atay शन नान याचि मजिन जकन | कानििघ्रं विरिव्र मांटभं वनथ शोजन Cty नाडिक ate निश्छव्र wa |

जां शमुभ्र मक्नि afacs नारि एटमन BISA (नोक खनिटष्ट मष 1 यामि कन वृषन्‌ दमन (कन Caz sine छिद्र cata (नन गात्रि corm | रुदमम acm दनि eam मण्ड afa Sto दिवि wica sara afes | ८र्मकाट्न CICS Ma ATA MITA fex wai अछि ठेनैखिन staca cefany | एकि) दटनन छन खव SHA योनि ates} cara af (छ sae | ae THe थका Stier CHS वद्र SIS ९८९ HIT] BW CBA | afin aint ate Shai nea एरिर steht शाटन Bie Tews | कांग्रा रमन वन fey नारि कानि ८कमटन नुकिव्‌ carey नोन्‌ Bathe bint fafa aca खयि age कद्विव eal Sia खन्‌ Aq wa fra | (मां (ष्टन्‌ कत्रि ater atAcA कून-गांनि Coal अङि whe कतरि मटन | Gifs बटन दांगनि ae (शे Bama ferateay (नर्‌ cat दमन wife | ata वटनन onl छेन CA द्‌जन waitin (कदेगट वनि eae er | शर्वा द्रि विष्ट cafe wt कन उङ्िरोटव गमौ कमग गरन | TAMARA ACA YH AFIT aafe feraten हिन करु श्रूगीकटन | छनिग्रा दामन ate यांननश्चष्र jae sing Ce वाटर aferia | ंगगटने खांनिन्‌ निर्वन जर्थकन चित्रि fata कमन “ore |

3

Psy offer ४५

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एक सूर्या शैख यारि एमि (म कांग वक्रम्‌ खनन वाद भिक माषा SS

क| वव्र aay उक्र (डां मांट्ड भिथिर। कि face जामि यामि यणि प्व्राणोव्र afecs otica विषि मिमां coats |

WR

AAT य।कून्‌ CoM TG राजन वृषे] ca afs यामि a ata णौरन। यकम Otte ae यामि gratis

निन (टस cata satis | निणशट१ कृण यिं कद्र aerate NFHS रांमन-यांटे एद्रम-यशोवर | इब्रिए्व मनगाएमरौ BE Cam यङि सिक वाणि Ha Byte etfs | कदिटख atten ण॑र] stay र्ट

, भरनमीविकग्

alates atay कत्र fre मन-शए्वे cats aca watagy athe (नांक-दट विन etary Corn सट Se वराका ata कब्रिष्ट ffs cata श्रुकाकां्यी | qa णलि] शोगटनट्व्र SFSASAA antes carey face शभिश्र। कमन | सएष य्न Car] wY Cavs AUT VAT व्र) Az VIAcs | यनन्‌-एव्र१ He fee मटन मन

ay 8 किणि गाट्व भि GACT | मनम-एव्रहमं विथताँमे विद्रषन ए- atfaale TATA Yala he eta eface fas

ङांगन यनन खदिर

Site भिन्न कोटत्‌

गढ भृ य्‌} निवाट्द

Seay fray खा नन््षनम्न | Saaleta nea Sty fics (भन शाश Pasty यानिन मदद

wea fray नब्वखि

airy fafa afs

निद्रेयान sae Geez |

wea fagaty

मरय aca विशद

नौंवांटम atteca गलट्नांत्‌

faa विष ण्ट

मजित 94

(शिग्र efay मनैव |

fafoa (मंन dict नान) षय कटद्र जाट atatacd qafe खां शीतर

can cafe गूम

afety WI

गं शि Faafs-atatz |

cratey attr कर

wana feaq कृ

ita sita 9 सनिवांत्र

BHI YS

ट्कन any निद्गमांन

btfa fers sani wate |

AST भाला

यणिव्रमा sifa fers निम acatAcw

फष्ठिटकत sw atts aris

atatacy eos FATA SITS AH ayy मौन याहि fafers at ofa |

crate निवा कति भिन्न तमत्र उव्राखुव्रि

कट्वर fray एोटलन ASA

wacda ani शि भुक्‌ acon aifs SIE CHA ANT VHA |

catats fabfa aca = ata agae ate Hay ATs धट्ब्र ATA

नृम. कटकं STS निनब्रश्व्र fratahs lai pia ममि Waseca | क्रशमि gate ग्‌ कनल BCA AW

BSS BIAS asfate

भख-पूकृरो व्र Bist एवि fers नोट मातर aera aca fasts |

निवा faa ota निन्नकांत्र शठे Ste af-fs ख्टखव्र Gry

नकृम टेकन कज छां wits वीदिन athe Sorts faq Sz |

fetes वमांग्रा Sia वाख्नां छात्र गित्र ठेगु्तर Stary नाखि किनि

निवा वक्षन करि aca ate खतव्रत्रि ए॑त्रि Bia Sica डनिन |

शिन Fafa va ata ae AATEA cas त्रपि किट Cry

fafoa यगूव्र-गीट्यै eta shay Zee cafe cate aca यङ्िभिग्र

(वषि) खट्नक Ya यमन CHM fF

(खन cafe €कनांम-ङ्वन cata षिन दिः ettbta विटि afe मष्ट। यांनमिरु मर्दन |

rs

शरी (तसि नव्रवदव्र

` अमभारिक्जभ्

YASS SHIA

By यानम्‌ Wee Ae |

faigata Seq Seta

Shani way ACT

ATA] AAHBlIA-AF-Ee |

fat यायम Sie

aqten नद्र नि

apentfa याछम्मात्रि गटमार्द

अशान छारोल FTI

वृर ग्णंि-ङन्‌ ICH

vie faa गि wars |

ट्वं Bly ATS!

एकि ha निल यख]

ae दिर मजं त॒ cata

ae) कद्ध नव्रश॑छि

यानटक aaa रथि

निटवषिनि fes-afeats |

Aasyfaq नाजा वाखा

TIANA शख FLAT

fasta कुत्र गष्।गग्

शखेनिग्रा ateata att

कषटिनि ayaa) खानि

fas faeraty दम्‌ भींम

> sfaca शौमन दरण sfeat aicw | safaace परू शौशरेन नन (कम्‌ | mal wei SY अङि निर्मन alae शति रिट शाकिग्रां sfas यानि fire | ward aes atfa yaa गाँनटम्‌ otfae गकन-वष कृविप्र) efaca | नान खवा Suara Ss गव नाय मिषटे-खत्र गनरवा GTS ayia | Qe षरि छांटव्र Sicy खमश्थायथैमार a मद्र TS यांति Coal विष्मन। Sey S49) ay afar fara afoal wad site cafe aria | नानां oot यांनिन waite यटनांश्व् र्नम्‌ Aq जव] खारि वषडत॒ | yt wy खालिभ्र (काना निब्रव्ि yaty Maen BCH ates यवि |

ataca fate ato asia fate एक (एन गानि cafa दां ङीष्‌ | परमम नैर दांध विर्भ्रीर (मटदट्रु HATA (छन ACH SIPS | Coty satay शत्र) fiaafa SEAS HG वटक नांशिकं asf | व्रम।ग Bee Sei yafers श्नि |

aa कनिंनांज सङि gaya हनि | atsta गवटण वाच वां विभनीान्‌ ` कां) ने! Voila कूकटब्र कान्‌ | (घ।व्रखत्र Wels aH यनिवांत्र GCSB वांजन। वाटं Rea नांरि wa IITA ie fea we "शर wants yei-sray cam facatfors ata कत्रि विशेम guties ररे मनिध्व्र ओटवनं टकला छत्रश्वनि निष |

ठंडक (aay farce

afe शि चेक्रण टेकन्‌ (क-भीटन |

धै-गप्व वादेन द्रदभिरटामन ठि मष af aia caer सा्वरा्ष | Facey TAT (गोठ ACOA By wow दिनि fats (खा)खि भटना थकांगि ववि (न rears मणि wants रगे वांत्रि थैकागिना Sie | एत्र (वष छेका ब्रः१ म्न Shae AGI AL १८१ शरैख।-धकन्‌ | at एषि qe fo atfacea-aca ग्रान PATA WS मन-कृषष्न | दिभिमटड faatca ata Cae भम) शुष्क शद्विन aca विछ गरशर्डख। | fafay fasta टेकन गार दिशि FATT ACS UD BUY यवि | नान) छव्‌ GxUty किवं Foy aera OTT राष्‌ Ae AICS | apa Fal मधू कनि छक्र

TS FG पथि Hq Stes wics feat | ata पड एेगेशाव्र fasta fray cafea aoai चडि caface yang | SS त्रमा ASAT एग कन

Bley ठेनषिक यानिर्ग मकम्‌ कनौ FE SH नां्रिदकन By ere शनम यार AAT चाय य।नन दिप्डन च्छव Aca चकम ates महं नत्रभि cafe मषान | शरडोव्र MICH ate वांच feat cacaa tera fafa Bary काशन | CRANE छङिडौटव ore नग्रगखि eafers Hecate उकङि-थै१खि |

गि भल

घन एन्‌ HTS atx बूढिष्‌।

SE wqafs कवर श्रम भ्न | यिम Coal रौ वत Bory (शि sacar सकि शत्रिष्‌ wag | vifer वनन 9a हेन CH शमम यस्मि दत्र TH CHS AN Fa | निभ शामन ate ace tga (थमा नन Can aie aca क्न | gla forme याण दकष Fam

ofa उर ft वि रमि विधान्‌ | gia टेक यम मि कृटवव्र ङ्गनं

Pf bay ay BS यनन TH | aad waa atin fara रिष्ठा

गिक ates वैषि afr यशव्र Fras | AFIS TASH ASIANS

वद्‌ Say GH गर्वङ-गिषद्‌ | चदा CHa VE atya हरिम RGA गौलन्‌ FT BI GALT | मिनि tet एमि cw Bea गिं दक्र faye acer frre नार ata | गू afe यन्तम धामि gatsra aq Coal कि कौनिव मिग cotata | ay otf Safe-aie उछनथूखन areas acces aioe शैमन। CHICA GT CUT BA ममात्र any ofa sracaca वह afeats | कामम्‌ ACSF Ale Slay वन्‌ मनम Bias als Veal SAA | यरदिकं aifea wat aria दिवु एदि waa Tel मव WANs | छन्‌ षन OCA AG TAS शमन eats atfag ara दमि SRA |

४८

४९ अममा विकव

wats afery शर्वटर छरनत्र ais कां शूगावड़ गांड कटएनवतर | ARSE CRY Colca मरम दम यनांप्रोटम वव्र MT CHS मटन नञ्च | MCSF छनिग्रा ब्रां) कव्र-(कांर ofa गमे SICH Acq Aan वृब्रावद्धि। AH at Stay tie (गां Antce नान] इदे feast ye यदिवा | ary Sota यरि (गट शिटिव aq ce Sle wis ace निद्र | etfray want अछि seq ara ales पां aq aloay Brity | fara fers qemiafe श्व foaaTs athe खमूना ay Bey दन ख।रि। ary यने gfe र्व ad शक्ष्मछि RAIS दद्र fren atacaa अङि | मद्‌-खान fas मटन THAT HAR थ] CATS UPSATS यकशं{न कवि | रथ SCI Grins hen fracy वृट्क्न AAT Wea Bey निवख्ट्ब्र शांमटनव्र Ae fais eta esta faa विथैज acy ङ्तिय arity y

$0 att Baa

My 4करिनि ta wire are BACT AT ATH मारन] Tacs | टम ate छक्र-ङा sae aficy म९छ aifraica he shen ater | wig गानु getatcs firey शारिवा Rafe ote qe stra छांग टेगम्‌। | शव्रसिटङ ख।भि ate afocas ace (टनकाटग श्वौ गात्र शाखि aver |

छेन छन छान्‌ यनू cola FF Ste वृक्ष aan यामि धकांकिनौ wre | Bacay गरशोधूग CATA गोत्र FH छक्र] com जारे योगि एन्ेक-नशब्र | BY गान्‌ Wy कन FR UTM Storia forweta कृत्छा ace aw शबरि | fray दरेटण ater afta satca

CAR SH IG गर्छ नां AF ंर्टम | atfaa face ata ate ay शेश कांरुव्र SSA CHA शून शरन Bee | नीरव गऽ cata रृहेट्व कनान्‌ निद्रा गोद्र By वहे wa | fey Garay ययि aad a कवि fowi-cag ate णामि Stew व्रजा धरती | cot ace fra fee ांभिवांव्र stem oft atq aty यङि ga Cen aCe | fanats (पयि gfe fafa oath

ata शाखि aes face एंर्मि वामनि गना fan कान खटनट णनि (णयिग्र] गनम। यञि (कांश ठेनकिन्‌ | ARCA छान्‌ वट गर्छ नाहि गोत षां कनि ge ere खट्व मविश्यप्र . निजं मटन ANAT FTA GF Ste वांक्षगीट्क Fhe (दना avg नारि vw t FF-CONG Sf Acq Meaty व्रण

गर्छ नारि नैट्‌ wicy cotata Frac are ote Sy ate Sy ree BCI SHC ALD ATS coral दग्रादवर atal नंशि qq उटव Bles-qaay

fe इदेटव्‌ caica att afar weft | रकि Can ge Ste न। त्रिन्‌ (रन्‌: (कटवार कं Coral जान टकम तान |

काक कवि BE STS Cay TAT (शौदव किशर Bcd दमांदेल at एव ATS कति खान (कान्‌ BTA

BAS न] ATA MG TLD ACG छान

(मोक्‌] उद्रि गर्छ aig afta atta मनम AW छान (कल USAT | Ha SABA Yr Bly CHCA SCA aaata af वाब्रि खें (शन क।टन्‌ | दीक (गा देगर ACA गनम।-एद्र cae भेक्िषप्र घटेत कात्र | शंभिगरं aaa यामि arnt eats यरिषीन Coy coca acta वावि | 44 माभ BE SIV BAN Cita aca Coral वांत्रि Aen Fae ASA | सनु TATA RCT TAA AH Vee Yatay (मात्र जहे नप्र |

ut frail afaca aa हिन्‌ faaefa aig नात्र यात्र Cea SIH शर | efaca aga Atel खादेन A ४1 नाट fatal wef बृष्टि पथिन्‌ wey? | यानन IAA कष] करन शरद्‌ रौप्य ace मनां वांत्रि (नन ICH | waaay Peery मनम VF

Re TY Meal TAANS 17 |

Prater वांना ha ata जवा Cara मनम।-5३१ YO VAIS दद्रा | OUT HAF aay CHR ICA

मूनि थां छा जरु eafacs Fz | छतर कब्रिट्छ प्रान सप्र SHA

मर वध्‌ मरण मौ टन | CRAB Sts hace elroy मदद विगान वान) ace Stay ata AF |

शकेम भीन

areal हामौ एङि faq यश कात्र Sera stat खोनि eas भद्र ofan gare atta कद्िन्‌ aaa wae tales fim रिषि waa | (रंशिन fafoa atte age afaca Bfacy TAA ore नान छेगर्‌।घ्व | aaa थिन Giga Hast

Hwa saa मनक्ांदर दद दद्र | छनिग्र Has! खोदेन Stay Sava chat sani fra वमित्छ यामन | afaca निष्टनि eta pat वनिं मनमट दिथैौम faaforr |

७५ att caval

मनक] दटनेन OF SAA छनन) (कयन CHIT YH] Shaq Bf | यष aay एमि हिन वहे हान आट कं frog एन कष्‌ काद१। शुन शुन मनके| निषनि थण wire याद्रोंष (कमन (षव BR मद्व | Blast खननौ Wa Aw AA Safe-aafye afer मनम त्रम | मभ-मनिटन Bice Ges fray alfa wraty यमोदनं cata शगिब्र श्रमी faa मनक] मटन ties wefs शरनदीव्र faataca निषटनित्र etfs | किं विषि-रिशीटन ser कङ्‌ (न) मद्र CFACA छदन AMZ BSA वद्र | था दाश्न भूखन (कमन Se इछि यांमि मत्रदिव vat cetata seats | ofaal निष्टनि acm cafes com ayy HATA Sey Harel एदि |

bb गमनभ) विश

os fice alewatal कत्र Bagta fad-ay वमा CACTD एन कन्‌ gts patsy कथा किव (ater | एदे ay देगब्र। AS iets HAT | wacda चट्फ गिव मिट्छत्र aa निछा निखा weary sfaca शरन बद्गमिश्द्‌।मटन atfe acaa Ser | यांट्छानांख वदेग sea कृष्न | waa weal fefy tase व्‌ामवर (शिग्र निग्न att जानन्त estes ata way छेगशोत्र afaay faeca | मनभोनिखंरे fas रिथैम।म Stee (छ्व्रदौ दशं जनक] Way वानी शन ca निष्टेनि धनि

गनमांत्र I CITA -

याव ना यांनि वादि erate शृं] aie «दे facqwa eB cotta |

CHI ACE खांशु-शुत्र Shea fares faceaq योशनि ary wai

ofa Sta calaet ख्टनट्ड Ufay खमि ोत्रिखड। ates शन frat |

fagia छनिब्र। दानी गर्‌ ९६ मटन शनि atearat कि eface नुवि

ats भगं व्रणं Sta vife ava निष्टनिटत्‌ ears cre Ge वाँत्रि।

मनक] SH4-Sy fat mts cuter (षि वृका wiga east

Ae नदेन BRM शाट्य MITA BB athe निणशरूटत (न ब्रा्वरानौ |

ata कब्र कृषष्टल नान Way wey कटम्‌ टनविष् कनां ¶¶ WITH ग्र वधू ACH CHa areata चन शिग्र

Ya BCA यानक-खक्रट |

site pare Ns aca यङि Catfiqs CBAFIT Sq AYA

CAP ASH Bis श्रा हाटनाप्व hay वाहिता दिश्वम्र दरेन हब |

4

AST नीली

यिगाःश् भवनि टेग़रिटलक नब्र॑*खि HWA Vy राटा दरोग

(८काट्श Ft कटनवत्र॒ (थि (यन छग्रङत्र CANS CEA SATA |

(शिग्र “ata ed (काट्द Scat रदत ब्रा (र्खांटनब्र क्त्‌ 'शद्रि

STH मकशट्व्र ICH Sal MALT (कट stfacas नमोँद्र atfa |

Ware] BA zea} Wa खछि gee ates atfa teu ट] वद्वा वव्र

afar crata वात्रि 4 we amie tify afea ay4 A744 |

निष्टनि aera foal हे वावि Carey ate aaa एलिन) निष ete

ही टत। पमस (परि मनम) ए्ङ्खमू्ि CATS! Co BTA यङ्कमांन |

TS ARIAS] श्व CT कटटिङ् कीं

wacayay faa गष्॑खांन CHS CETS WOAT ह! ट्व नाशिक Sa निट्वकन ofa afeats |

Stenta arata यि दद्रा ate चैडि faaafe coca गजम

खांननि रथां fatal जट ata CAR Sib aly ates Tez |

ace wa दिवश्वि ecact trata श्रुतौ misiaa नांशत्र निकटे

खौ ख। पिन ना नैषटग ATT WH FSSC erg शवरि व्रमा वन कए |

fafoa staal वन vita मातरि डक (यि (जन टेट्खव्र AAA

fafra अवादौ नानां वृत्र aay यि नाशम Site SaTwla |

be

अनमोरिकग्र

pe aifacee छान व्रमांनं शनम STA eae aga खगन

cefa césfy sia क्कनौ fafoa ule टेक्रूदन BS aay cafe |

fafea carga वन मो athe faq Saat (ष्टोनत atts

Tretia arate नखि (नौ) कोन याटष्टं रथि ae टेकन सनिदांत्र |

वष्र Blas fay AP SHY AG रूरवांमिर कृर््मकांनन

(नैकानिक) ais कू pa गधि ओक atc SSS ब्रह्न |

aise asia | oatfe aay श्रि विष्टि ब) श्वौन] ais

sat eines (नागांहि cotyfa we कतां SIMA WAST |

Bq शृवगभूशिं AB नान्न शषौ वक (श्र (न) रि Fae |

QAM (करकौ CHE] कृक्टकनि गरु] (व र्र्यागमि sets वामक

Ste कृष्मवन र्व्रसिट्ड atts गघ्न अखि वांद ८कोरङ्क |

कनि mete (ख्न्‌। शव्ररुकि वटर fae SHTS क॑मन्रांल। यारि

बरङषएकटनन्र BF FTE ATS गच्छ मुच्छ ष्टनिटनकं aces wafy |

ataa-aee fay खविनटश्च tea) (भन eines bien वन्नावव्

aacea ates श्नि wetgeat qa CRIT GR FTA AAT |

ABT शनो

VAN जवि मटन शोल नायब aca AIA eR खदिषट।न

(रिभ) नांथेतर| दन विगम शेन भन ary Slay www |

गष्ख्छांन STH मटन SITS यष्ट टन fafaca नाथन) famed

ABTA VEY नौलि ATS गन्माट्वु (तयि भ्र Ste ९न |

CATS ACA a वलि | REA Bieta मौनि ष्टेनिभ्र। Stare TeTBra

ककरन saci यछ षिद्कुनि opatqut wig ara (नट) विषयान |

wtfy “eraqa fat वृषे] ata (क्न णौ मश्माब Sian खभ॑र्यान qq CRA WS BCA FAS ACH CHITA

fas fae sitar oat |

cars aca faaefa 9 car earasicg रि CHL ACH TT COTA

कश्म-व्रांभं। afuates == CHA (शन AT ABITA facae Fae AFA |

watz crt BAH NABH BAA cqael aay मर््छि

Siata मषाब्रोत्छ मीखोत्र्करात्र Fiza at rata ८कनं Sf |

CHAE APSAPTH WATS) AS नटन are खश्व॑श॑खि-निट्कृरुटन

featfe Day aca = Al atatal Geers atta cat OR eTL STATA |

caceta apa oft TAA BUCA शनि QI Beal SSK TAH-BAI शन न्ट कति खखवरम

fag विथंकांमं रतम

>>

OR

sw as ats

Sioa यष (कमं कवतरौ-थवट्क््‌ TTS मटन SH ATA APACS | Mace Freya wiry Daca CHIBI खञिनव (जन me गैर रेनत्‌-ष्टे) | खनक्-छिनक्‌ रर DUTTA CAA BSF ABTA SIS] CUTS नैब्रह्डकं | SCAT STATA VSR AACA BHA cufacay भरूनिन्र यन्‌ BCH ज्क्रम | विष्व नात te निशान क्रि FHA सनङाव्र Ace खट गत्र निवि निखुश्च sit किशन श्दनि BACH नृश्रूद-व्रव FRI छनि |

नाना stata orm faa wes efaca ata Cae BAIT | erat crtcs छिनि sicaq ee नम्रन-कऱटक Face TRA वृक | APAPSA WTS BVA वृनेमन नाँनात्रटड़ CATS रत्र StH Boge | त्रागव्र) SHAT तग कमल मगृव्र-(नेदेम CHTH नमन HEH | Fae ङ्ौभमिटन (खन faa Sates रबर वर-गूनियन CHCA GATNTH | UCTAA VCH यारेना टमा खषभूत्र sce faetata ata ice रिरशत्रि॥

38 Pras afaivatcs stirs athe टेष्छश्वट्व्र

कृ] श्‌] (तैन) ate (गोट्त्‌ athe वटकश्रटव्र

(ङ्नकांट्न AAP] MSA CHEAT ATA CUPS त्रानौ ACS AW AW |

मनमांविजश्

FE (नां Wala (केन काकं मन-दटवं खांयि ष्टि वटन शश्र APHIS | atfs शेक्दमि गटश्णै-कडं निं] (गनक। alata नांम गट्र्श्रैव्रो माङ | मनका कट्वर atal stats ङ्निनो aimee oy cxita नारि watfeeit | कि ef कद्रिव ट्व area (काशास्त मनक] वरन ater (कान ACA ATT | विव wrata ce गान Sema गनक। Mata Vics शव्रिन Stirs | wae Stata नाय eae उत्रिनौ

TH TSM VA (शन्‌ ब्रांद्रानी। SCNASIT YE कटर्‌ FSB

टमा वाख (मदेथांटन्‌ SSA (शनकांटन AAA WTA छोट (माट्ङ्‌ कांगदां८० जनकाटव्र सिडांटम sal (कंन BT | मनक] AHA QS Baty उभिमौ

चगो ofS matey य। रेन oath ray | यूनिगन-(गोषशन Ta WSF

कारन ants afs aiivea waz | faatfacs atca aa रदेन खदित sity रेन ate ten afer | era HATTA wife Gayla aA

Sz रथि (मथि यकर yee Stata | Sica वृवांटेप्र। eit stew wtata acf eg fray atal eva atereta | Cite दश्ट्थ (मात्र Ica Bsa छतिनौ ८कयटन वजिव्‌ (र्न्‌ BAA वागी afte चिक दन र्त्र काव विव।टम एनिन atat मनम्‌ cotta | afoay sia ovata विष्माटन

gas नुश॑छि (डांग (क्थन्‌ (कमटन | मटन BISA Cam एद खांनिश्नन CHICA वनिव (श्न VTA कूवषटन |

भत्र द्टन्‌ Sta ath gee ate मटन ofa qife wa भिब्रिछि-क व्र मनक्। far fora qoifss टन

गरन-मन्निटत्‌ ata कर्न ब्रहम | खान एट्निवाट्ब्र Ma He WE खों ARF ITH {As VWs ats | FAS BIT AM cates Sicatata afed व्रि atc rafics arty | न। catcel मृग॑छि fog are atae ANS नौँट्तैघ्व गन STH | TABLA CHAT ASA खव Blea wtata faena कर्‌ cata afgetca | उोशाट्ड कोर्नना aie Sa गर्म

ai ote wate catca (मश fara | BicH वटन Ase] @fez (कमृटन cota act Pea नि cre यांनिकरटन] कांवर SSql खट acm StcHizte wratey cafes Ami जाट्‌ fae ste यि ata थि ate eax कनन

निव zafe-ata नरिवि fares |

Ay MTs

मनम्‌] निषेव (मशि गडि विकल श्व्रिन्‌ cana ad किष मकन | | क्व CHF ME (मांक्रवद्र fica feo [fray] ख़] गरक Borg | Sty खब्र-यीएन रिटनन ceqaty ङा! त॒ थमाम cata जिङ्वटन ag | S74 AG Bra म।टश्न निं कासं (क्गन्‌ जएन (पथ (नङ्‌ गर व्राल | कुवृ्षिश्र। aife Stem गिन डाट्षं नैव के] fe fo भ्रा wa Coen ace | esaty areal qa stacy faaty FSTAS CVA BIT खट्क यांना | Sicy wtih जनक] किख्ठट्म afgeta लाट) कटर कौनि aly Sfacns we | waft ating cota ASTa खां शत खानेन कुवृ्षि cop बखिन WI | wares भ्रां bicatca लि

| निक्छटन (नां at नाश्व काष्ठ | मो नटन वथमड-त4 Aa CHE वव्र दिं विथैणौम कटर Stats fess |

शुशु शौन) माकर

a9

०8

>

saath शेश वी atatcat Caw bites Srey et atts एनस | मर्वीटछ (वष्टि ait मश ब्रिट्ड |ta कि कर्म fafa दाङ नज्विप्र] यामा याकि कानि गकेव एरस्णेक-नशवर खश करि (नन) (एवौ Ale] SATs | भोंल-गिढं ace wife कर्न HAT AAR FI) चक न्‌ ्र-खछब्रम्‌ | मरंख॑न Six (गार मश्‌ विट्ड boty (८कमटन ब्र यिव्‌ atay qe Goity | भौव-यियं acs caf दटन afe ofa aE sia खांन ate He eaala | छश) व॒ win कर coraty खट्ट ग्ट मह ACT छदा वन-शीर्वृट्ड |

ख} त॒ गड (न क-भूटयं of भव्रखत्रि ate ety foarte कव्ि८्ड Sta Bat श्गि।-नभौ खाट we cue fifaaca frat ace sia वमि Sta ङोत्र। एत नीँरीरेन ea जकनि कडि)

मर्व कशे See BA खाट त्रिरा | Batty SY (रव गर््‌ोम$-वब।खं

(न ववि यांकि a8 sy मर्व Ste | OF Cal TES BTA AV-SICA ere यासि aareay कब्रिद cotatea | ACSF छनिग्र] HE FHT Waly AIA RAY याकि रदेन रांश | favaicd Gifeal यांनिनं क्रम श्मि।-नमौ Sica feral पिनि weir नीखुन THEA एकर शिनौ Fem गिर मटक कति ग्रा CATA Sta टन |

अनमाविक्लश् ae नमन)

ध्दङ्त्रि cafe मक fasten वव्र] cata Gifs fe ate निवांम छव cH | eta शैकिषटत्र शिनि मह व्रां वद्वि

मभ्य atta oy ata eyes |

cite खारि ofan fafag जव ater caraty afes खट्ट fafrata ster | ofa cetata we (नांटकदु वृक्तटन faate aface खां eafis मटन GSS Sq HS जव VHA

खि वक्र] Ate खट्व Cifera गमन | qyefa-atay नि मर्‌।मह्‌ CATA

(श्न वाका (छात्र ACA यार्न CHATATCA | मष््‌ग aty cata fagas छनि

cata ated यमथटव्र anaig waft Sai of श्ृखद्वि वटन खरृषांटव्

(ङ्न वुद्धि पक्ति खिद्‌ य।मोघ्त। (कमन छांनर्‌ भिक्त] CHR BAA रेष] छनि शून acy HS TAM | नब्ववष Teta घूनिव म्मा

CSE GS Bel APO eq वाटत | wae मश्वय-ष्ट्ड ख! गांव ez

< रियि।-नप्री खाए शवन्‌-निचेब्र |

Oe छन Sate was qyala

yaar af aferaryt ef | afoul क्विन्‌, टर्‌ कद्वि८ड fraty cae atca त्रभांख्टन ata अविवांपर। qyata afs जह ace रिष्मांन

यपि etcal भिया मटक ateicea vate | यामि afer etfs wp कि afyata cata कां कयन्‌] coraica गिव ata |

Circa 100 A.D.

1 1 Ann

[॥ #१

ankh

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Dhanvant

(Archaeological

21-22)

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1

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ASI BAVA खाद्‌ शरूद-नावौ CH afweat fa ace eafae cea | मछ} Cea Ge APR WER Cae ata (मरे छाव Alsi See | (पथिट्ड यांन cre afta खांनांत्‌ Qe व्‌ CAH (छन श्रि खवात्र | (नाकं धर्षय र्षी ore माकि क्ब्ि। AR Acq जनिन Bare शब्रव्रि | Sui ofa eats aco erate ON नरी ANH शीय र्दन | eae खर for मृकनि मब्रिन

नरौ (कयि म्म मदिश्यप्र श्न | STAAL ट्छ मङ्-व्रोम्र yeretca sala Sal Crary | नाशि णोन aes we एगकिड खन शत्रा विष्ठां (कभिन द्रि | खधि-व्‌ शशङ्तरि वटर नित्त किनि मट्हव्र Feat ofa कन | CASI वट्न ACS BA खवा aatey बरागङ cae favara |

निं Sa पौन CHITA कब्र कुषुष्टन Maa Aa मि aie ब्रगां्टन | WS वटन Lyssa FHa-aHt Aa wed कानन feral ates मङव्र | छनि arefa यटन acy गांखान्‌ गगिटन शरब्रिन बद्धौ (कत्वं मर्वखन | गेद्रांखप्न Hea we किटन wets कड] वि) fra मश (भन attayat | we fafa ae नाग्‌ yea wats ग्राव क्ति Ace BITE (गर्‌ श्रूगै | cHe मङ-षमत्रि यांन नृशवव्र fafaca नाता दन fanters भवर | टक छुनिग्र ब्रांम। cea Bars Nas यांनिदर प्रू न] ग्र इद्गिड |

ay शौन

मद्द्‌ AUTH पू Bayly Cats Cea यथ्‌। We-Naals | शिभ-नौ wicg we fats Cat मोन TA-FSSH GH HW CUA caratca we fon eee ममात्र wage BA AN छन ATA HA | एन्णंक-ननेटत्‌ CATH bic मबुनैङखि Brera aitnes Sha sa मैचश्रछि। yey qiufa छनि frage ufaacy निया ace कद्िन aaa | छेगनौख श्न ACA एश्णेक नव दुंखमङ] कदि cacy Siew तडषद्र | मद्वटय ठया ste नगमिद wats atest किन Sew | afecs atta aie «ata citscy Ba wy eal नहि Sa fewcg | cata जट) भि ath cea यरिशान WIAA FS कथ) sce विषमान्‌ | fa Ba नाशन दन Aicta Hata wre faatfan ofa cay बरांखठन्‌ | ख्ठंनश्र staf Blfew Aaa (मखिष् कष ae] ARIST बटन arta PD ae दमि निगप्र्वर aya Say मटक अखि SATs | यक QA गाम xeR गूर Seta ठेगोंत्र sal Saz इत्रिड। antieay areal fearan (र्‌ (गोट्वर tt CH BET Ute cata SCAT | aces ofan we कब्र Aaa faares नाद्र वन ST नारि cota | (काथ waaay वन (कवा यांमोदत् FSTHSIST GA] FCA BRST | मक cHral (तन Steel aaa stacey (मयि Ae मरशखान STM ACH ATA |

ay

erat ब्रन कांनन C77 fafaca areal वन खिश्ररेग ग्ध्व नायेन] cafaal हएत] az खनन्ति वड WATT ACS Sao Glas | Here fry मक] जटहव्र (लोन दोक्किभ्र। विनं दान} नांटनेत areata |

` अनमोविकष

रित्र SIF एद नाश्रयत

वियम्‌ शवं खातर DICTA Wer I ACSA अजानं खंड (तयि मनमांश्र Wa एकि रन वियंमाम नगर

2 Sats

“था कट्वर विक्त afta) Presi fafa cacetca stfay qarafs

ACSA HSI cola खि (ग fofesafa CATSICA SST VE Bis |

Cea (भथ yyafe

Besta ve safe

festea areal कोनन

ata-ssay fz

नाट काशीन्‌ कचि

CUT WH ACH PABA |

विसम bicea wafa als farts ofa faz ace cata कटगवन्र

Seay sty sie गशंखन fra त्रि गू श्वि मुभ॑वत॒।

cater टन वियषब्रि (यि मड safe ATH कन्नड egury

(गात्र ACH SCA वात = SYA वद AY यटमव्र WNW दशन्‌ Sits |

८कांट्न sa afa aca एनिन्‌। शवन-शदट्ष CANS S-AP-AITT

CBABITA LABS

fayste मटणं afy

BCH Cay ङ्द्विष-खदट्व्र |

कि कव्‌ अखांशं Ge नात्र (कट्यै डनी वष eq Pian भि. विय

टगर मादमन्र जृ ate निभिट्य feratem (घर feces ai aca faafaa |

‘Jhampan’ Ceremony at Burdwan (1951) Pheto: Mr. Gauriprasad Aich

` 11511)" Ceremony at Burdwan (1951) Photo: Mi. Gauriprosiad Aieh

areata aratcay Bru

ay शाना

fica @aCHS Tew

नां एथ, Seas दूसम्‌

TR वृकि fas

farafe geae

गख fag मङ्ख भांकन्‌ | `

aqranfs कटभृवतु

क्रटशं acd fagtag

मानां त॒ट्व्र ASH Geary

नि्िर्िमिं कु-ङ्शटन

Att मिश्रा यूटन्‌

colfare cate fararyy |

| ट] carla विवष्व्रि

aca दिश कृति

fagay नयप्र Bute (नटड] खानि atanizs farce Say उांटषु fae fasta faafos |

५) ata Baa

(नट ङ] डि विकट fasice farefa CFIA टश्ट्ड यान eal नाम इदृङ्व्रि। ates कित्र] aq Beery

Sly वटन Stew मन्फे वटन यनिवाव् | विसम्‌ काशन एकि शिवा अकमर

ay Cea मन ACH AIC मद्रं FS | यांष़्श्विटख syafa afaatca ate Sige bicwta कार्वा मह नटन ATH |

८कमृटन्‌ वर्शिव्‌ AS AS Sty

CATE! ACA Barty SF TAHT | मात्रं शौडि ca मौलिनौ wet Cea विविद सशङ्क om santa ation | Sings भवन नक्र Sais conizey गश दिवि ख।नष्‌ गकन | acne Sigal faq जाऽ StF Ast cys frraica (खन ara ध्शडब्वि। careta दछन नि खद्िक-खमनौ दिख विषम नटन ङटवन मालिनौ

9

शांनमो at एव्र एत्र (कम ए) मत्र सिंनिग्र] cat fafoa Fast sive खि arate caice face (खन नोन fafraca यञिनिव ae जानौव्रषौ |

oF

^ भननां विक्र

कूष्म मङटन खनि sq खनक] वनौ CSAS Gory SHA

नौमट्ख Sra (राहा abate fags ष्ठ) cara ala वांनलक-जगश्च।

aia Cre विनश्त्रि «= cofeat मिक) fafa fica Cara acta शमांत्र

faa बांनिनौ-८वन TSACA MATA afacs नख Qaretg |

oifrats fafa यार] खशत्र तन (गख शूका खिनि षन Cozy

यक्र^-अक्खं षि ate) विटनान अङि ङखिगूटनग TIS Sz |

SAA BRA Stee SIT WHA STA Sey Ua खचिनब्र

कट नानां बङ्मान WICH एनन SIA विष्व Seq नेष्यं ata |

as शिनि atatatfy द्विश्च fare «fs एनिट्ड cafaal rice ata

fasy यात्र He CF GF {Slee fefetia क्वनि afexz |

ata sfaal मादथ ala नेका] ateace (थि cone zea afes

मा्म्र Vows शति एनि ata fare fae Faoats faafes

¢ FAA ममौव्रनं SS ya ata रम SHAG खन Cam Shoal गनांश |

BOBS शब्रन AEH cmt निषा गनमांत्र Ah-srey दिवां्-कांतन

cey-ecun विष stata ब्रष्ठिभ्र | acai मट्ङत्र ast मांनम्िड बटन यकांटय ALBA जर ITH HAMA |

sata afGal वटश्‌ धत्रङ्निन१। Siren Ey Atay एन्णुक-नभकी aces Sheet Str व्राज-खङ्ःथ रौ

cation Pints चम SSR cafes] aat| छक्र Cary Sta टन | cHeatca ना वौ दशनां ठे गुनौ शम ऽना SI Cara Balas | CHA VI CHA HITS HA aH जिंखंम। Faq ACS काँव्रग-दषन्‌ | cata atfs cate aq किट्मन्न wate <८क।किनौ वदकरःनं CHIN या ध्मा | ङ्†मिगश्रा यनमा ACA WATT Wa षिव्रकांल fa Ta ay कोंक्न।

ze (ङ मांगांनि oF cory भम्र fafoaica कुकम arate ays | टव HAST वटन्‌ OAD Tia thar

Ty वल्‌ (कमन carata A fafa |

विष्टि Acataa

aw भाभा 2>

fara aa aca Star were acea विवांएन गादष्ट चह मव्‌ ATT | FAR वटक WH Sat एनैि In By By वटन एति me] BLS | खनिगर। aac जट्व SAB गानानि यर शरटशत्‌ बूना wy atfe ह्नि | रत्य यनम घ्व Mata डलिग्रा एलिन। acer शरदौ यांनन्तिङ दशगर | कटश पूत (वि font fray माद्र santa ७ननाश्रा] Bei वभिन्‌। मद्वु fag तिथैतम क्वि agi-a भग्र SPESTATA CHAT BETA ANY

siay sist

afte cH मनश्‌

VIA SFIA-SlA

मनम] Tel टश

ARTA छन्द

गैःदटक्‌ भमु (ङ्नक्ं८न्‌।

Bicata विभ्टपं

SA ब्टतु]ट

वभिन| छथ रिवष्वरि

कृष्टम्‌ faa तिमर

ante Featoa

वु बिड मड qaafa |

“cee fat

HRA ATH (खन

वर्म शूरम भत्‌

(कत व्र भाट

qs ट्ण वाटं

मर्वीटक्रे नान्‌ ATs |

fafan acastfs

aela frayetfs

etcat मल्व्रो दव्र-रोट्व

TAA CHAT

ABA CBS

(नरांटन GTATHASICA |

© @

TAA FARA

गमनम मटन छनि यरे ca ne मूनि aifag wey खान Ace

afeai quala ete निष श्रम ojfera Bier wets |

Acs fT ` कृष्म PUTAS छन (त्री योनिनौ वनि

किद्‌ wl SI Stee safe faa ART वन वनन |

गख्लि AAA FSA JAI FA OA CHITA छकग)

गजक्ट्न Ife कच्चि aia} acest ates toa ints |

zafe चित्र ate afb ott eicaa BwzepnyA

विद्म विसर एव्म कुटु ज्ञि factrin जविनिस्च॥

न्म Sats

“CSB PIA एटनं TAA MAA CSIC खखनोटन्क afer wea

(श्गक्ांटन शख्द्धि शन्‌] यन] मटक ववि ्प]ङेटम Sa यभिटड IF |

wiz] (मथि faaefa suca faa कदि मग्र) nfs afean Terie

गोन) गास्रक्रशं शति FAD फन्तन क्वि निघ्वफिन ACSA टट | निनैश्डि ataty यकन्‌

कि ara किव eel cate at atfe «ey (तबि que एतए) |

(लक act छनि वापी

ae शन

एष्णैकं-नभेवर afar

यारृष (र ate! दध्य्‌ शोत

मटव्रां वत्-रोवृ caf

WATS VER र्वी

Anta fey निद्रा |

यामिग्र “टङ्कं कन्‌

aca (मद्व कुनष्न

लुष्िलिक शरद ints Stal aes (पलि याभि यकन्‌ नाती 14 खं] व्र्िनि arate |

casa कश़्ेमाग्र

६५ म] afar

apitfan यन 4 कख

Sq Vs (म्‌ ठम

खायि फलं fra भ्र

aca कुवि fea कृषि |

भांदनां SfAq) Sta

BAW CHAT BY

अदल मलव्रानद-धव्र

“CSF FATA TS

an a

यि ale भरि

(कथ्‌ ठन वांद 217 |

ACH eal नगरम

sia ante कानि

afany cee farysts

विवा कद्रिटड खदन्‌

ANE (केन (नैनं

faggot acy कि कदम |

feca Gace fer

SACS AWS?) श्नि

वन] Hal ATA GB AA!

“COR HALA खान

मनम] aly AeA

waft afm fants

ण- शदो

fagaq cafte जिखटम इगि कब्र-८णौट्छ दटन वर) we वतराववि। area गांशिनौ धरं alba vats किनि्ांव्र cay ymt WTR ta |

कअत खमश्था बना वनिन खानी agra क्वि Ave ay भमत्र | (मङ्‌ शु sifaat एनिन मर्वखन farsa कांनिन eal facaa stad | [ठी व्राज wim frat किनं waar करिन्‌ mmta कष्‌] SOSH iA |

2°)

9०

विव तिच afacns aces Batra एनिष्रा foal शिनि म्रौ दत्र-छल्व्र | छि्रारे् निगिट (नट्डब् नब्रनटन गेनोरेत्रा carey कानि Sa शीग्रं ATA | eis caren शत्र शत्र छांट्क नुन्ममिं cee aty gfars afaal cre कानि छत्र ferw ab vies atta मन ae मिदं acy ate afey paz | ace Ba कद्वि (शन्‌ मनमांकूमांत CHATS Stora गांश नीट्व afasray | SUT TA (नो चारनाव् श्न करिन्‌ मकन्‌ कृशे] caval दिषगरट्न | afag “cee fry acm faq fer fafarace aaefe सिसो यांमिग्ना |

गनमदिङ्ख्

Qe ae +B Sta (वन यरिषत्व auela ददिव ceTa ATFICT | CALS) Aq ATTY छेन दन a1 कब्रर्‌ gc foal fer कद्र यन] catatfern ae शत्र TITAS कमन ACSA AIAN ATH ASS ACSA | gfe व्र Cea योनि लेव NTH गर्ोखछान Bly acs WHE अकाट्व्र AT वौ safas कनि विवतुभै cater fast कनं ACH खनर्-८मांङ्न। टेडटनों क{-(मां दन HI ATA यनन दिख विद्यम्‌ acm qanta ata A

> मिक ats HEA BUA एव्र ez (कामन aA CUS

wat size ctsra wai fe fea gaa sity यृथत्र Waly fate tla

PRIY चन VCH fafa actus fafa निष ates |

CHI} एकर

afa-afy खिनि safes ata fafa मन् वाटर NG cafe

Tq साकार eq ATATHA कनकं कयग-कनि।

मृगान Bw किनि sare agin wera sifs =

छाटशं भव्रिनोतरि कड वाशी

शयन] Ws नाखि |

ad शौन

att Sat y enfSste wits

कट्रङुक्‌ वुलिट्ड श्रि

aaah ayy पश्च खङ्ग खि ace मांबि atta |

दिष्ठिज (कलत्र Std (न)टग रात्‌ विद्नि pace ace

aq (नाट्ड खनि ८य॑टमटड य।कूनि जघटन वांडन Ace |

शूरम समवतर निर्बल wera कमल वु्तनथाँनि

Stee wafay CBT WH Say Betta ates afr |

fag wa fat प्यत्र gutter wie eH मन्त BA

(खन fey ait Hay विटनुन ates (खन zetath |

दुःद्रक्त-नव्रागौ कम्र खनि ङ्क -यु9 खि cats)

लने भिन्त Say APF wit (खन afa-atel |

खल द-छिनक एनट्ननु CA sary Say थांरि

(णन ay ate antfam ate frataz-<iF (मसि |

bios fogs May Et निषि qa aicw

Vase PV अछि BRAT यांना (व कट] BITH |

शृदठिषठिज ofa Caen erat Saal कि fra कट्वर

(तयि warey fafa-afiaa

ats afaatca ates |

>०8

मक्ब्रक्ूखन

अनमं विक्छश्र

act ननगन

wae खनि मम

(एवौ विवष््ि

arate श्वि

CUTS] ATH खष्नीाय।

CATS TITHE

AAA (कोड्टक

Sint St] ATTAST

गुडि Sauce

fae ace

SBce शग्रा-श॑क ofS a

So att (वरान

cofeal भिद fife (नट्ड। श्रा वौ

aera कद्रगन fee stars |

ACH CATS BIT एटन गनमांकूमात्रौ जमिट्ड लगिट् ace ata atheatfa |

एग्णुक-नशेत्र QE CHM! GHATS WIM AIA Seq aS zafas | SUF ACSA Mal कमन) Baral

पवि QH CH ABTA छोटक Co कब्रि। qq aqest catfecaa वमिं निग्र HaCaT sta FT AAT | crfanl tata कने afew eeu faghral Fata (कत्वे Heres | सविं pani वनि afaer costa aifiay गनमो fag कट्‌ मदिशषान | पवि बना al कब्र Hiereen कि कत्र faa a नां निव] थक वन्‌ वृषन। कयन्‌ दटगन Coa छेन (शी्रानिनौ छेष शशिन गृना वन कृ छनि atal atfs वटन (वौ खडिक-जंननौ spre Stuy BIG cary wearer |

लेव etfs वटन मट्त्र दमनी aus मिव भूना कद नारि छनि |

al निव cotara एमि चम ataicacet तर्वि-षटटन लम किव afer शनम्‌ | नूकिररषएबियचख्वषएन cn HAA afe-acm aiaTacet नन्व येगभि। zeal आोटित्रि cota कू! (वां खचर Aca टङ्टनं cera caida MAT | BAST cea ass कमि aa atisa किनिट्छ एय षएन await | छनि ata शाखि cra} वटन testes eta fefay यन न] are cates | anafy शृश्रत्रि ataca नल्व

ce cata mata etl afeatcy tea | faa कयना शनि atfia विकन ख।मांत्र eter र्व salt भकम्‌। ट्व (कन cota कत्र खश्काव्र ata AS नग्राव्ी वटन AAT | otf & al aif sf मटक art SES CHACHA (क्रम RAHA | मथि लङ्‌ acd Sle थैमन्नवटन

(णर्‌ व] न] (कद्‌ कडि coral ब्र ACA |

शांजिग्र। saa Sica featcy द्ब्र fe नाग stera डा raze corey | TT वटनन Uy stata etats TCA (वांस नाम अनक खांगाव्र | कयन यायावर नम cosy जननौ

“दे tata ofS gu (नोप्रानिनौ | fre aty Fae ofan कृ्श्टन

जरि Hfe afera worn टेकन्‌ Cate |

frat atl way

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रे zat ग्राभं भृखवङ Saal कां किट afaqy aa aay काटा VA गैटस्क कृ्याद्र

ऽवा Brom मृगवब्र छनि (नांकषूटषे wera हि डि are ांविड (नीं कणश | SRI कट्वर Bs छि-वक् लष ACSI मरकात्र CRP wen et Syy | CRAFICH AA) TA ICH VERA

मख SHea ae HS) fags | HTS SUH ANT यश्िमंशन

ae fact ofee कन्िभ्र। चष्टे खश्ण | Bet Tata att नांद्रिद atfacs fey छनि र्दणन afer करिटर | OT OF Hal Ta OS Bia TTS (खग किनि) मड cota 92) यङि | PRs] A न] कद्र Gea किन corica oe facia Stasi | (रन काटभ्‌ Taal जांनिन्‌। कार्वाकण्‌। धजित्रा APRA Sats Sei |

fas cafe अभाग कव्रिन मर्वकन

Bw Hi ai Naty Cam रकन | करट नांशेन fae Hera खटथटड cata वाक] छेन मटर मावशंन foes | yur ठर्ग॑छि cotam afar सकवन-यांएां व्र कत्र किटमत्‌ Stas |

(नां कर्य नहे ey fag ay वृदधिप्रा यामि core afes वनि छन मन शत्रा | (शन कटम्‌ धन) Ta YS मटर (क)ए-कटव Bee टट विक वब्रादव्र | देन छैन मटामेग्र कत्रि निटवन्टन

मर] FAS शक्र न्यव (कयटम | चंग Ge छाकि ae Cem यक्नौकात्र यहे Sin क्वि (कष्ट sida atria 1. az fern fen व्रारि ay ata TAMA AK Vez ना जानि yay |

AA WHT (शत्र OA CA धनादे farsa era मखा afeqatca ate मं fay (डाबर oF ste cal ACSA SBA नक कनिषटे यषूनि | Bea fictce cag ave yea aig थक ae cata oat aa fray | a fae एाटन ates शने Far Wary कत्रि Stape ofa | Sicay aff ete ae धशङ्दि faatez eqafa गणि ay aie | “टक afegy fae faa aaa दि विराम्‌ Acq नमातम

ज्म ननां

मानां कात्र Gace यानि छक कि याख। एन Sta यछ AVA BET | Qs Cem atarata ay कत्रिन cen 5a Fam Sie याटन AAT | विष्य गांकम टव क्रन्‌ Ada नीषटघ्नङ मिश्र रार्‌ Coa यांष्टाषन | MSH Ae Caley छन गाटके

JS) Gate aia otf fers Arce t state fra) ACS Sey त्रान

fray वञ्च MATS व्रद्ग-यखब्रन |

कनि एनन्‌ ACTA निनि SCTATA

aay Barer Coal माकम्‌ fesca | SAV WHA THY CHT HCV

अदेश fate (नाक कार- Le STB

SAA] FCAT (भाटक fom east erbiatfs (डणिव ataa otf atae arefa | AA दाका जडा Fay गोंनन क्मनांट्त्र अटवा कद्र foresee कटने अन (भाट Bera चैन | रिम विथ दटन TAM-5IALA |

8 विशौ

येग छेनम्रकांटन aac Stir एटन था. aicea विवक्ति

ARTA Sats जिगर कटश STS SER afanta eal शश्ङ्व्रि।

afa (षयो Martel सश्र मट्ङंव Sls Ai fer मकल नातरशरग

areca Seta fra विप्र (कोड्कौ wea afea tian fae मन। avefs faafem Mes वनाद

faeces can aera

33%

मट्कटत्र Sian शति

भनगारिभग्

aa नेट faqefy

नानो गट FTA VISTA |

सिमरा रेभ्र। wafa

atea-gafs कत्रि

उअुटन ब्रायन) ATS

CHAFITAA BTA

HSCAA WHAT

fafa छम्रटमट्डत्र खाएटन्‌ |

cave) ata fares

errr गिदा Pf

वभिना। वे कृष्ट

गेङड-शुदख्द्रि युथ

Agia fase नम

कटि पिन यनमा मन्टन |

CH खन COTTA SS

eed ara यवित्र

AIR Slety afoata

Baty wary (मवि

fofeal aaierat

frafoa fee विथषांम॥

@ TAS BH

VAaAcs CATS act क्रि Sa CASS BCS खां हेन SEAT | avefa वित्रा यारेष निकरौ

सवेन कि वटम्‌ ate bier खरिकांत्रौ | CHATS छानिव (नट्ड। वनष कत्र (नटडा Aer गर वौ छेन निदट्वक्षन | एन्टनब्र बुक VICE ASH AACA Sta SCH ACH ASH (नव ALTATH | (कवष्गा Bice ate cree HSH Stel SA कब्र दमि ब्रन-८गांषएटन | यगि atay शाटक जिग्राटेट्ड sta pores brows गर्व aie ऊंशाटव्र। मौज नेषा (मरे WH Cae STR cefe tiem Sy aise cafes qua) गोंड fara Ra ater कत्र अष्मा ८कबटन facae ge कटं afenta |

Asta HAlS 4क sing aR

वर्ण CORY ब्रा्का FEATS cats | qn fames cee ब्राछ-मिशांन

नान्‌] शन fry Steq द्विव sata | खार्‌ छनि yay मना Betz BETA TF ौम्रारेटम Mica sets was | afte देन दूक मागित्र Satz STAY गकात्र (र्ट्‌ कट्वर BEST | rata atara fea afer sete TAC VAta VI FS Sts |

शन) यन। SCR HCE मात्र coo featey एनान वृक कानिट्त्र कौ जब्र) OFF णटरुक खान BACT वागौ छत्र vets निम्र we कानि | fife दा om काऽ शष्‌ मविटणैव नांतै-वषं निक्त] कानि $क्र-ठेनटभ | निथंकन छन (मारन ७१ व्नि Eeicacs Fs गौव fentecs ma)

AST भौन 954

fented एकन वृष्क etfta निथिट्ष विष नेगरौकिभ्र) ore ब्राण-विष्ठमन नृणि (भीद्रव यछ किव विटणैटव्‌। मनमांयणन शिण विथ शौन y Mal बटन AT VTS कत्र यवधान

नोव्रि्न faattce oe शौव यनैगान |

छातिग्रानौ

fool stata कात्य शत्ररिर etal nice गन FE मटागद्

mace (षिन क्र fe (ज विधन षो तृटि रदेन Stata Baz |

निव्रवि ay acs asica @faa wits FAIA SATA FTAA |

विश्न] शर॑करांमटम मरांमञ्जह्ङिमरा मटन त्र Birr दृट्कत्र Sz |

faqy Sica ITH Fate नरि AH WITT बूटन CUA CHE क्र

छौ द-मशणतरिगौ rw शूनव्रगि (कटनं तौक्का गौ जिन भृङ वृक्क एक |

GS छार Be रटे मृ दुक्त featen अरकं जानन्त वषम

aifieal वखिगै वान] HATH AIHA कभ Treaty, Fe |

Farol श्रीक नीता aq जानन श्रा खानिन जकन fas

frota रिवाष काट नाट areca मोटर ररि कुषकृहटन यब्र |

xaty HSty FS ait CHCA इना %.स sisal fora fag

ea atcra ge tte निट foray Sta ferns al aca faafer |

wort विग्र

वाखा विषय एक

afan कट्वर शंक

भर्वटनांरु यानन थैवम

AS fry aCe

ANG FAQ AH

WHE मनम्‌] ACV |

aqafa जय भर्व

ध्न बन) STA AF

faeces 339 नारि (टव

जव AAS वागी

staan मानिनो छनि

नि वकषड्ि cae भभूटथ

गनभा-मश्िि We

CPT COA शंन्रमाग

न] कब वगर अर्षा तु

stfaa यनगांटणदी

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aatoice कत्रि oifaata 1

Sait

AIT AVICA ब्रां] चांसि GW AeA APSA Jara Wasa तरि Seg | क्र awafa cota faal-faers

CH (हन Qa Cay वटवे THAT | ce निम gafe coq cota एष्ट!कांटव atfaa! निप्र oa देष्ड गत्रिवाटवर। curay gel faca cata आंत्र (कश नाहे oot cafe शाव YH नां कब्र aOTS (णव) a खि भूय मननात्र AW यनव weal Bia fafa कौ माटम। SEA Hal NA बटन गायत्र जीषएत्र

ना कञ्चि foe ars atie (कान णवर, al छोनिभ्र) एतदव wee देयम शषति भद्टव्र दांङ्वि की कन्रिद विश्रि atorgica (शोव्रव fea zee ateca टवाद कत्रि afar aaa |

ठेणैनो wea foray area अटओट्छ cafe stom fea कत्रिन safics | fray otis किव] ara steta ननन (काथ VTS येम SE WAY कफ़न | निट्वश्टभ्र OS StS atety cota

eal Wai ay श्वि afar yer | भृरिरौ-विखटे शक्र नोय cushy

Bray coray वि] ace खामि xfs | (कयन एकन Te Sw Gay रथि ates va <थनि fartay जिद arfi | oft safes ब्रां] gel afaetca खअरिनट aes ce (महे Pesca qereta féfe en वभिन खांमटम

खौ वभश्ण॑व्रिनौ fai राविटमकं मटन खथखुकनत्रगे ठावि firs asta

(कग यिन वृक्क CEM शूनदीत्र yats थैखांटन हाटक sca खष्डात्र

नां नींद खर्नयत्र कट शूरदात्र।

भेष निका aca ate cofea रिद matacee निवटम WH eats eater

अद्मर नीना $9ॐ

७९] TAH] CACG Sq Gata

aq यावर यामि Sica मशीन | HATA ABIL TATA TCG यशश (थिरा ative cats ङिनि eters, ए८द CATS] शश्र GTR यमान By ar Tay विमा rcaty anf Ufa | catatfaat aot १ब्ि Cac शश्रे ARH Blacw जान कानावर Yar |

WS (पान ge तरि ada oats BEAM *इ{-शख] ATT चदा | DBT यांनि Ce) ठेनन।ख MTA पदि Cate देन (भाहि | ATF Slaw cam qifanty त्म WAN ऽगां 4 (षौ कांजनाप्र ITH | wfasiea Greta शरूणोत्र ay SAM SAM SCT IH Hara |

धन) यन्‌। धनरा चांशेन Te Feeney मनम देश थमा मिन््र। (भीग्रानिनो करनं षव्र किर-यश्नीग। धन) मन। द्वात वाङ्न ACA | नानां विशि अक्‌ टूव्र FCA ACM foo faqaty वट्न यनम।-याटषण

गित्र

Bibs अतर (कन्‌ वैर Feat नान) ASIA चटकं Tay Bhs sma fears cate mented मिन TAIT कच्छेन SCY MAF AHF | mia भूकुडा-नांरि जिनिप्र। aaa fia aface faq fafa aaa | BAS कंकन छिनि crews aq bay शत्रिशान रट्षीब्र feas | Bac Ba शनि वटक MN AL atatawataa Neca Se |

८९म हे Gay cata चूट्णतर भजार (काश ट्ठ (गाप्रानिनौ ese दृषत्र। TATA मनना दघ्न OA a निनी

शणणबूना fra (जावर मने दन (कनि | otlrat दमिम्र श्रा गानिनौवर नाण waa cates Vea काणना जिडि।टम। (कोश BUCS यारे GH VI (कान ace CB coraty atey शि fea cota ara; कांकछनोत्र ats श्रा कर्‌ एए Fal

(तरौ waa TENT cats FUL |

CATA ATH BSA) VAS ATTA VA

निप्र stem iat शत्रिष WaT |

नि नाभ हेनिप्रा Sree कृष्म

महौ मरौ दनिग्र यनमा CA (कान | मटर कद्रिव दश यांनन्भद्गटन

नाना RA Alfa यान्नि arecarsice | नान्‌ वां शक चन अनिन कंन)

भद्रम मानः षट कद्ग मरना |

भृनमाद्र मार (छ दूरिव (कान छन

विण विथाम वाम यनमा-ऽ१५१।

२०

अनमं चिच्छदम

मिक जां

Qe जरौ (कांनांकुनौ safety Swett यनज। ASA (नन az मर्त age HER कच्चिन्‌ Gey कार्या चान ces SSH जटव्रां वट | बटन orm stat कवि ब्रङ्ामभ्न) निव) ort ८कबमटन AeA सटकन्वैक कग] TCH मकौ cate की वनभि SF श्रू खट ACMA Fata | जङू-शग्रख्तरि शिन sata विवांटक cam Tara Bila (मोर YH SICA atetca विक्र कत्रि wet खांजिव yz} (कशिन्रा atea निखं टन | TAHA HOG रदेन . RATS AAA (त्रैन सयंटवगिग ACA AAPCH atetca fauta कत्रि yal मन खाट aM (कित्र बनज। SSR यनम otf मटन शृन्‌। यन QE STAT «वटे्कटग द्विव (ङ्माज्र विष्वखिज्रां छिन रांटषं qaren नांनामटख Teresa afSy श्ूगांत्र। fanfem captegia 9 corre af टकन TRY AIT Katy MCT ATA कङ्गा age ata माने जान॑ छोटक Sus ` नि्षौर जिन्‌ नजा | चविन्यम semi aica यन cwfeatca eo CS ai Hats (कदा मन yen coe MH STS Meera fay याज catataty Stray Seitz |

AM Sica निव्र्न

AST MTN d29

faa खटन्‌ FCAT

Ge SE Lee कांख्व

frepy qaq ot fa

कांटकन agate भनि

ceface atarey थाटणशत्र |

छक्र भुश्रख्वि शिनि

TAA Tew धमन

Seq खाय] Frofaer विधि

fas faeinty sce

dal मन FS GTA

खानि छनि गांटेन कूवृक्षि

shoe भैन्रौव्र जार नब्रटनट्ड गोनी शना वटन मनां StS ना (परि ननौ | afin चमर Gare esq (मादव (कथमन गत्व IH एव BTA ATS | निश्त्र मव्रम wife यांगां gerets TAA Hes ab ari atfe खां ब्र | रु 9 cofmal विम caica (नांटम Brew TIM BVM यक WA नाग ATG | colfice safe sict 4 (नाएन णंकिटन अटवा नाहि न। era aba | viral "षिन gre ठेडत्र-गिं्टव्र एश] वषि (भैना (कवौ कान (तीएटतर | धक Bay जहौ कटि (शो cornea erate (यित्र। atey मदव्रांवब्रजैटवर | Hele Fata Cites ata sacs cantata एणिग्र। verte (मदेशाटन | BS करु mts Stal (नरांगिप्र ate CFE WH Mal Tal मांनिनौ-उनग्र | Sui नि कांजणा कषर शांटन aS चा रूशि८र FOS (जन ATH TANTS | su

श्रूयं Aq afaai वांना ote छाछ cats षे 3G मरे fog ate af | मनम मरि ym mate विव

ata ace feats कबविनं etaty | विशैनि (क्गनांग वादेन इडाटमं मट्व्रावब्ररोघ्व cry नीगैदनव्र CAT ation शरूटवट्व्र (ट्य Cowes नां Tem faqs शेङिनि Peis Se etter | antral दे वां ae Corey (काटन्‌ दांभिटनक्‌ AS (षन HTRA PACA | विमर्ष cam aifratca नारि वन faafaa gage नैत्रांट१ Fase |

कांटन Mal Strsq वटनन्‌ atrsts

a कत्र frat मि eae मटका |

aa cata qatet fafre aeatcz wit रिष्ट fog fro fratee cates | frota शौक्र थांमि Peg atte णानि facs a ai faca otal cafes cafe HST BAIT KH CH CATS Yan afem bal aca मर्दक (गाद |

om Acer Sica मरि मख Faq मि cota uta नारि oe areal जरेव थांमि।

४२२.

CHCITS Mit AT Hey Cay Sty faateal नर oq cots athe ate | टद शं भैश्रांमटन Ahir Savy

थना यन छट (कवौ नित्रक्षव्र STH | हिणं पिथक कटर atm" छांरि Say छनट्म Tiel छव नेष (मवि

25

AAAS

faya-weca रत्र यथि Ges एटक्त तानव aoa aie शुषिवौट्ड ates | शुषं ate शुरिवौ gfe (करे stem geal atcaca fea िटनक aitetea cre विष वांद्कि face cata 19 aa छेन fra (डांग छर्थ-कव कट | Ry ez विस शन्‌-यन) यट व्र विसशत्रित्र जांख्ंत्र घांग्र-गूटथं मत्र macy मिन fay कमिनांब्र sca crane (मनि छां fre aigfeca | ICSF HAC MS TAGE Sry SCR Aca मत्र fay ache Siwy |

गनज। वटभन भि

wat ae

मभूय-मथटन STA BHD faq

shgy sfrn wre भित्र etal |

ates faca करि cora sicas काशिनौ Brag Sista faa कांटे! ₹७ शानि दिना छिनिन कक विटवत्र काग ahaa Ho CHa aT भेन | AMAA गट्श SU Saray शान Sarg नाट्य विष Bag SHAT | Sate ACT As कटिम्‌ (नीमा Sacra aca विष धा-मरटश are

Ga fa किव कड यांकांनं Soy रात्र aac विस कटश Tatyz 1 छार्‌ात॒ AAA ST SH AIM

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oa CoH खादे षट्व्र बट्‌ CHET AT | दिक विथ्ाम acer जंविग्रां णश BERIT VA (जन MT-ATH ATS

Se att नौरिछ

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fanta (मनानि cre catca

(वन) ST ITY

qe पत्र cata (पमे

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meray नीलन

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cara Asis Stay wea cota (ङ्न मरि face ATA FA 4 BaAlacs 3

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| cee ATA कन qa

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कत्रि नख्व श्रून (कन कङ्‌ GBA (यात्र Ace Waatra

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कन्‌] AHA छन्‌ ASI न। नज्चिव शरन

दरे AG ACE (छांमाव्र

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vi (मरि शरूटन्र at sifam way Qed मिव शरुटयत्र Ase CATS

स्पांगोव क्ौवश-खांटनं cetata Sry नांटतं Siate ote धर्म(नांटक।

खरु कांग Pefeatit श्टेव (खाग्‌ावर मामी ofeufs कचिव विशांटन्‌

ofa cata रश्डेन wisi Be (गाटव्र कनीना ८७17 श्रव catca CHE WITH |

ee हाटक] actaca «oT STH cwfaatca Za off arn fefes

शन} मनां शत्रि FTA एनिटनन ब्रण॑-ज्टव्र fae विध्थैएटांम्‌ Frafos

>२७

228

92

arate

अनमात atal कानि कांख्ल। गौनानि frate खावित्र stow भैखि्न sat | दब्रिग gefe शैवं न। (परिव ata मक्िक्रःणे थांमि ae afr tata ata मना मूयिः (कदां पिनि गश उषित stacd (माब शशेन OS खां (विट crs शय ट्‌] देष निषि mate Bf कौ निरिं विषि। वदने (नाकोट ata sacy कमन

(टन SIT ट्त व्रां] किख्छाटम्‌ size

sie Hea कप) एव्र ओीएलट

छनिग्रां (विर ate कटर sternite |

cota दृ 2aq stay विरि मश्मांछर fretatca शंखि afe ग॑गांरेन ica |

Tat fears

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छमटम Baca (मवि श्चात्र BAA

aca वर्िन te Petey ata

mS गनी Hate

Mal | ५२९

उद्धे भीन 9 wt रिश after विवय मश” हन भेदत (मघ भग (वात्र नाट NY धवन |

Preemy कट्वर att विसम्‌ आं ब्रह craraa smarty (दरि नाज | FAM वटनन Tt WAS BIA sauce निटन टन catca AR | (कान att MSs एम्णेकनशेव्र neha ८क fas catca btewta Sata 1 (खे TE मनभ। Shari yp कथां CAS VEU Att ceo Bea ATA | AST CSN att वदन FAAS aint fea ace stent निकटे | Stew ater att शशेन द्वि Aaa (कमटन ददिव faa bicwta नकन | नोट्शरव्र कएटन (कांश TT PAA दिव्‌ भकनं att विष नवष्ब्रि। COASTS CNG] ATH AAT ACHAT sfatal btewta Aq भिव co cotatca |

छर यन वटन Stor मनमां ब्र etfs cacety मां क्ांटखु faa sce श्रा वौ | रैन cecal वनि caval aiteta SP} aca भन a मिद Matfer | जरु Vata Coy मव Cay LA

wa bicw cata मन दन Apa |

al कत्रिन cata ye लोट्‌ aaa fe कब्रिव gfe catca वनद्‌ AEF | aces ofr ccs Stir wary Price AYA SICA FAA CUBS |

om छन विषटत्रि fea ofa गन

(कन्‌ मि as Geet उांव कौ StAI | खरिब्रर Hat” sca biter नब्रशैखि

OF ae वनि खश्‌ कब्र खव्शंखि। एक मम मर श्रु MATA तंत्र

ट्‌] वधि Pore breata अदषात्र |

ofan cceta ater (वौ रिवर aatey atta cre cal etary

माश जाश ete fin (नट्खं-कद्र शद्वि | खट्व afs गैवश॑ि भाव छषींप्र | ary Sifen शत्रा fer fs मन afaca aH Sie CHa शतावर Sati यांटन (वौ ae atrial aia क्वि (षां नात्रं Cae यांश्म्र | tte Bary att ayfs SET शागांटेद atata sia यांटतोरग

may org कता Sy TRF एन्णैकनशरट्वर थांमि हिन rater | AAI ककि FAA यशां वनौ लैथम stats माम tial aca VMS Beate atey HTT | STA टन BT द्रि HAC (वष्टो यांरेन ety efor गर्छ AAAs जाग्र crs ब्रं व्रि याटेन यां़ंदेव्राणं (यि act नङ | यांनि atfie वारे कानन store caterfs | cats खि stars थांरेन SE cater cos-ure छनि cutyl aticd fea ace

Cay Sera (खणंवड्‌ (शाण | ‘ace दमि catel att cretfera छत्र

9२७ ` भनगाँविकबदग्

Hele भां रेन cate शदेन विकटम्‌ aceca Farry गित्र ato रिग कटम्‌ | Bea टव ale Bem त्रि wera contfen (खक aay SICH BHTE TI-QTA (शख) नानं खांनैनां नीँमटव थत्र Grice मांखटेन (कोश fess | गर्छ wey fami ata एत्रिस यदत्र tact Be (वनि वित्र eters | टांन (यनि Sail Hee शादेप्र। BISA Raye बटन fan (कीराणि जनिन | निखांज्व Req att Ses (कारांश act were (गारा (कनिन्‌ wa नाशा FIN att Sigal Ser Brie See कि कि विग्न] मव atte sate | छशनौर wey (तशा षि रिषटमांन

मानं atfaaica ace afta खष्ूमांन | AFA कवग वटग VTA CoM eA (दारि afes मानं ata cherie | Brera crrethe (म Stey बटन ATH न्न crtathy cota खांजिव (कगटन | (काशं णि निष्ट} छि wa यमांग्रा। Fate ट्ष्‌ coal गरेर] eters विमान | weit carey रटेटरु छापर भनार creates मांटगेटत्र athe (काशा | Cfaal ART att Fae कनन

fas Fremta दटन मनभ।-एवम

मानमौ ब्रज

याकि ८कन नागं विषि cates यक्षमांत्र ANI ATSB Hy Say Mats |

देक्वनिर्दक (मान्न न। tH भशन

अकश खि ate (र्‌ etaee जौदन | ates काजिट्ड cate fate जा॑वित्रा (कान कर्म Cay gent cotathe Htoray | दष वख att याटृष्टे faery aay Bers Weitz SITS Aap OA |

(श्न मव ATA (तान्‌ eT Sa

atta दष यामि atafs ater | frpa Tal cats farfaer (नीमा दिवम (छात्र Sty थाने] are |

cara SF द्वदक्ष (रन ifs फटग्‌ fore Frey cea fem ait fre ace | Te VITA कब्र etfesry

4 CUT HSB यम Bae arate | ८कमन्‌ cata BCH टेणद-निर्वक्घन

धिकं fetta वटने मन्म तुग्‌

~~)

Saris

ame ft (दनि रौर यदत्र

Ry एवां मव LVM काक्र |

CEI CER मृद (वनि गांटन एत्र cHtaife शशेटर (वां atfaca भनार | थक Bry ष्टाएटेन frei षण विनं

पत्र शिग्र att मटन दिगब्रिषु Stfan एिङ्त्र art a शां frfafs णानि कि क्र याजि (गदौ intact | SAIS CHG नाशै वात्र उद्राुद्रि rats Cm ty Tataty | BSA BUM atl Sica शबर

AFH WHS] VR eats (गषव

wa (9 PAIRS निट्दक्षन क्रि SECS नादद भू एाटताव्र ats | ateta ङ्क! किट्‌ qa न) ata

acy कह itis दको कत्रिन ataty | atfaata agate shan यमाव AMSA यदेश AAP ATHITA | टक ofa FE रेन ATT

Qe एकु व्र OTS गेचभ॑छि |

(काटने शर बांट्व्र खट्व नापि एम विन aif गदेन ota as शिनि विष्‌ | stat हिंग ac (भन निवि eBay द्मिनं aan अछि Frat otfaay | कांनि-नांतरिंनौ ace afaata कब्र fecaca विषौ ota ध्यटनाका-कैशमौ | किण्िर्टन cata कर्म Baty यायो ना ea faate etfa विव gata | Cathe मनम नांभिनौ CH (कारम नान) विशि थकाटव्र Shas fas (वाटग

Bey te) ५२१

coral cave cata ate रृशैट्द शमिक्ठि (गात्र यर्माशु नोर Sf मवृ | विनघ्श्र कौ कन चांद्र नु गैौघशेखि CHM AYA वाक] शेमछि |

BSR Be Sea कौनि-नांजिनौ

es यन CY BREA श्वनि | दरवृठि Sea गदेन निषानि qatar TEATS art कत्रिन खंम्रकानि | विनिम खद corey etcwta ATT (स्नकाटन नांजिमौ प्व श्रवो ary aca काटतब्र aca दीन मनि एोटनव Atera fal ace sca ica | cote afaq खट्व न॑त्िकन Sty (ख asic कब्रिन A | airy भैग्रन Cay BT BHATT wfaatea नांतिनौ कव्विन खक््गाव्र | नानांत्रटक्ं THTH STCHIA EIAs cafaal वणः ate Feetaty sta a

गुडि ब्रा

way नाम HIST द्र) द्र CHIT मनन

व्रयवै-श करट निकिंङ शब्रि (षयि Cam खांभेगन |

HARV माग Waa sie CAC STMT मटन

cafe eta धथ Sat TARA एनिन feare-aca |

cafeal wera airs य्व

हटाएत वदन SAD

५२४ भनभांविक्षग्

“ml Ace वां Cay शत्र्माष cea YG TTA (कनि।

ay मनि SAI VHA ब्रमगो-व्रलत्रम

Bizi cafe stay wala याकुणि STA यात्र YSANTH |

मर्वीणष्रमत् AY खनहात्र AAT WRT ACHP

ata faataer गगरे खनन्तः गृण व्र-(कोड्टक ATT |

ayaa नाद्रा ety aad ofa ace

BAB ननन aT खन्न STA WA AE A |

sail ARCA qq ्द्रिटव

नोतरिनौ wie बटन

aan पश्निटछ

aife qa tS

faa facinta एट्थे Sce

@ Aaa

rata यांकुनो stir नौव sttertottiey भनमा मिनित टक] cata कर्म CBP (श्ना aata यरि ye faxefa

WCF (कन NCA (मात्र ACMA Farha | निनि qaifer wea विग शरिभटन निं्रटव्र वभिन कनि कशभिवांव्र मटन | (षि कू्माटव्रव्र कनं (वधि ery

a fra षटब्र ate विव थकांल्र | sents ats (शग भेखश्रखि

gota saa “ai विवांषिङ गडि

ae faafaa कचि aca ace विष wacacst नांभिनौ afeer Faafaa | Sate wry Ses ay Pate afeaics ate Vcd ery ATT | Sea कांनि-नांशिनौ Stacy मटन गन faq खन्न atl नीटष्ट्‌ aca गैत्रिकन। कांर्बभिक्षि निन eee eee (मात्र कुदृष्षि गेत्र नातं एनिन AEC eaty गणिट्ख aty or Wate कूवृक्ति नेव att firey Sta मांद। By Sie gate sian creates Soins sey aicay faoqtes | TCH BTACTS WS कटर vifaatra Sq शत्रा STA catal festa Ses |

निग्र जनके ब्राग दध थखि वदन्‌ त्रान ofa eth चन्र (षर्‌ कृड्‌दटन | मनका वांटका ay एनिन Saw मघ्वा दट्व्र (गा acs भिटर cafars | यन॑ जत्रौ feast जिनिक्रटशव॒ नन नं athe वांकून रेन गूनिखन। | निकट Seq ACS Bay मारन cefeal aay cate यरि मभेन। SAS क] श्न जिमि दद्र Grae

गे छिनि भूर्ज चां aA SA | fea em छिनि नागा भैकननत्रानौ SrA Cel Bera मश जानि | wet TESS यद्र Way

मृभान्‌ fafam ङण qra-waer | कनक कृबम्‌-कनि नोन AAA

el यशु foe निरि गटनाश्‌त्र | qe) क्र खिनि छक्र BIC AAA कर्ष वांछं ahs निट aga | AS थक (मनि cay कनका कट्वर पून कमन (कन मटव्रा वद्रनौदवर। नांनांजद्-यभिगब्र बद यजतम

Bat गि pfa Me कब्रिटक मन | जनक्कीष़ कत्रि acs Sim crazy याट BCS HRSA दमन carats | BF AQ aia कत्रि एनिनं Saw व्रभटेभागांम्र fal Eka SNS | wife Wis ङन्‌ मिनि कत्रि

म्र SIS घटन (शंन VATS दर्रा | जनकौ sfaai जानटन Cae त्रान णोत (कटे (यागा व्च CATS (शंभोन। शशं एमन शन्नयांना अटकं ACS टज दत्र SETS STS Yat ATA | cotecaa eta een विष्व यामन atace afin ace sface core |

34

Bey गल ५२ॐ

Hee खात्‌ Soy दशेन कान

fogs al ates (कर्‌ वट्रुक Gai | wate vicar खन्न ae faa Aoyew Hotes Ty feces ation कांन खन्न caida sqq खष्रमा्न

Ba छा aaa Stacg मटन ATA | vifen fear ace gaily ais aia (कन cafe ay कड्‌ gifs | Sata मनक) द्रम Fata श्रूटबदव्

ae नांथानिन ay पाट्गब्र एश | (मदे छंन acy गिन दरे Fara

न] कब्र विशश श्रूं Fae (खंजन OF SS AH ACTS VAS WA नतौक्किमरि) oe यत्र कद्विद्‌ (खां कन | ATS ACH Salty BSH नेख्वि नादे खन्न US] a SCT (ख BA (भौमां A | cays SIS मर्वीनन Fee AS) डि रलांर्ख ste Hoty कश |

QF BIT ACS खन्न faq (छंखन ace (मनि मखा कत्रि gp कद्रि मन। toy कविना StS BI खन शिवां ग्र (रुपिन विष एगरकि मन | fag aa tte गांव aH WRT faq sl यांए़ादेन यत्र al ate GHz | ay कि sy ute Stace विषां crfacs (मरिट्ड wie गणिन etary | apa नां atecn ace cata ye याचि श्रद्रन Slay STE (र्न alta cafe | wale tear act श्वित्र जादे (ननं ar जारे etsy मव्रिट् | ८कांगाक्नि Sa StS कटव्रन कन्न ieog छानिग्‌ va नाशिक जौवन।

५७० मनमादिरद्

HATCH कांटे STR atatas श्रव चंग वनि ata छोटक घटन घन eel once ae विटन atat water | Baral एांरिञ्न] ACS FAA कमन | शरूटडत कनन See of Here स्मत शेषन Sq EN fm CHR वरमा भेगिन ब्रानौ ace areal ai विथकाम टन नगरा-एवन्‌ ATTRA *ABIGAl wm Sigal wy sty Req Gog (नाटय catty (ङषिन तवरन विसुम्‌ facaa atc QUA GST Bey

Nes afes sty वन।

CBB वटम्‌ CHESS (कर्‌ (गां वद्रा-निट् cee cay ca frafsa

CHE CHE AWASE = WH CH TS TB feroy owe Coy faq |

Sail sf (कांटन विषं जावित्रां वटन < Ect (क्बट्न Bie त्रि

zeta Sic enh aaa ates att Re ययि ८गनिट्ड a श्रि

SY ऊहे StF SiS qa Zam Bie गिखि-ख्टन C84 HFA

CAS NAT CV cae नाशि Aiea ca Ba ay atfra विकन।

विम्‌ Bry SMITA CFR SICH MALTA CHR UCR CHAT WHA

८क म्‌ aaa छोटक staal निक ace CFE CBE BACH कनन |

CHE जकार Caza Qua (वतना नाम्रा छन्नो एभिश aca CHIC

(कन (जी ननौ (रन कट्‌ (याटव्र मश्विषांन गर्वीटक्र मनन्‌ (र्न उटम्‌ |.

BIT नान्‌ ५७५

दलष्टद्वि कट्‌ si

arnt (र्‌ गा

cea (पथि मशमोव्र खमाव्र

Ce eq गेदट्गांक

cHfacwl cotata yt

wane नाशि atgqata |

qafa nae] शाम्‌

न] वुकि yaa ata

fea atan शौखिप्राटष्ट कान

fofer) जनक) Sy

copia शनिश्च) cra

खंनन खांगिद्च cry wt |

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हव्रिज। crate tom कतिप्र weet Vues Ara खर वां वित्र युश्मा | fata वतन (भान करिषं cotaica ऽन Shaq (कट Col यांबा | cata शूष ofS as (तथोप ब्रांकन वनि] tb (खी (पश्‌ वमन | Ate, Savi fray कटर मृनैदव्र Seta वट cre Prats naa | Sey HST (गर्‌ cata (मघवत वपन्‌ SHA THe] CHR FHC) Atala | fanfa catatia ata कानां fers (य्न farang zatefe खागनरकि fer | देष तर AACA HAY CHE IATA OVVs ThA AI SARS | खषेणि oa fer cre जकन छकः[-नटयं CSHH-AG CHE WA | forta aces ऊना aac frei ptaca afer way खव्र) नांशेन | anfaal मद] Biel eafacw भरेत्‌ एकव खवा az stars | qaaty मश foo afar afro cofaal nfs हट वृ eafas शरद मोप पटम्‌ ace CAR (८५ थेन व्रटिनि NS दटन निशंशट्म॥

नवम शन म्न

५९० wants

wes] नोन्‌)

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faa-cotca Stew are afe ate HAAS] ACA अथे] करिव stra |

AP माम rly मनक] TETST

(रन कांटग atBca एनिंन। नव्र शैख | BA गा SE माट्म खाभिश्र। aca qa ITH ST खवा (शे w Vfaca | Qe ws नांत्रिटकन AFqi नवां विदिश fake Heel sca stata | Seq Sga-efe ga एिनि भित्रा टूश-८रूनि ase ९क्न्‌ यव कद्विश्रा | aifiel fata gra ब्रायिन etpa रिव्शरूनि द9-एवि ब्राबिन etpa नाब्रिट्कन्‌-श्रूनि ब्रूनै-मांमगि विवर कनि मद्रोकनि कद्विन वद्छद्र | वाकिन गाटकत्र चके खानि ary aca VCSF थ॑कांव Stel कव्रिन खमा | नाखेव्र खश्चन लटक SITS Bs fra नैवमाब्न ace ay श्व्रविरु weal | ace foul fra sib fr व्खब्र अखि zy Sea त्टिनिक्‌ SAAT | OmBITS मरकत] रिम eats atfea यात्र दधु रषि YS SSIS |

Rw seq TS crfan AV

aaa fra निम्नां oteta Go | नवक मत्रि Sia Sty Sirsa omnes wiafefa even मक्न | खट atfacea cata fame states APH यमन्‌। AFA दिट्नक्‌ Motes | चन घन SHB fra एंनिटन्‌। शाद्व नाना] Sycrsy अत्र वराटक रव्रसिटङ |

aes कबिन खन्न tains मटन aca cofeacas wits क्तिन्‌ TWA | fafoa काश्न fie stairs aba mae qatar als Hivg sia | garda टन aa कविश्रां 54 acy farms ate व्रसिर-गन्‌। CT HCY foe Wek STSS (वृश्चन्‌ Bfacy मनक। ATA कवु (छान | Free aata पिनि शिष्टेक atfera दश्च fry ata य्व कविब्रा | atte ofa santa frome efaca BPSHTT WI Betsy faery | जट जनक) Bal sfaa (खान कव्‌ भि tyre shay aia | aya StI At ofan वपन fafsa sata ace sign a | निषा fares नानां खवा cae नम्र मन शव्रसिट्र otal यानि (तग्र वू%१। एमे याम लम निन दरेन्‌ ROY यैगवमगभ्र af cay Cory | येमवटवमन।-एःटथे BVH ASA SHAS WHA GVH HSA | offen बानिन्‌ शठी wt atsatee) fas faeteta aca श्रा-नेषशंण्ि

2 मरात्राफी Bri खन Sp यदम्‌ गरोव Bes ध्वटम cawata Beal यद्वि | safe एकि Ges ata] aG म्र erat a) गेतौटत्र ett ace fe at aa

काटने काटन्प मनक] Stfaal faaty

कि ददे ate CHITA (दमन यात | By AG arate arate

ery os Bet catca cra (कनि Fafa | वनवुक्षि नारिं crta atts शदेन (नम (र्नकोटन CHT CTT AY ATH | छावर दन athe षादौ fetwartt Were ताऽन ASS sat | TAMA AI Cats SCIF नप्र

aga wae fae freer tty

2)

AS AY FCS) जव WOW] शदेन

(षन कटनु मनक] SAA थमविन | ATH CHCA बर्‌ शरकव्‌-नक्रमै

yaaa cafe atin मांनन्बिङ मन | छट्द wer यांभिश्र Tes ata Ofer atfs एकन टेकन fra antafa | satan नात्र खि का-वन्र cafe नाना acetates age aca धडधि। Sifs frat निवकन कब्रिन sates asics ates गिन fafe-cotstotca | Crass wife cre Sferr Stata भनिर craes (काशे erica यागांत्र | मर fret श्रषठिक। शंखन शिशान

Ge firey यार कनां टे Cay निरन्‌ |

way गन्‌ 99

नवय ataca ae sian efaca

fers पिटन खट्नौषएडि क्रिन्‌ facetca | refs fact Fea ABT शून

नोन्‌ शव्रकांटवर Com ater योटम्रांछन | छननीटन fers fara fry fox Ste

कि दनिव छात्र क्रथ afeata bre |

माम Sse गहि stata ननन

यत्र fies कब्निनं apa यांघ्तरांखन | es fry रेड at शभ्रां safes शरूट्वोरिख यानान Hs few | siagia sia खाटन खंड छलि दाम्ना HAT याहे रट छोटक SS | दिविशथ॑कोट्वर atfa कव्रिन्‌ sana

माना] खत्र (वशन्‌ शिषटेक नत्र | (मवा$न] (कन खट्व शबरि ङ-गटन्‌ नान्मौगूथं gaara shay विबाँटम |

नानो द्द्िष्ष१ 4a CF CHICA atatfafe वांश tice मश्‌ट्कांनांश्ट्न करटं सव्र रिन्‌ CRA AWA apes नांय atca stata विशं |

खाएटमन sfa शे ferry acm रिषि “rota वान कत्रिन aca |

faaty (छान sare Faretsce

वरती -शरूक्ष Bifs Fateq (जंकटन | Con Fraga शुषि कपनक भिरा ares-ac4 fants sige acatfeat |

शरूव meal Hae निवटम fre wa fas faetris ac TATA ATA

8 मिक विष cata षद्र Sry wifey छात्र alatacy fafoa fate लैवाग-गूक्र) AA BOTH (मत्र नात्र) भिवि-नोट्थ Boia cater |

aA aaa

कषठिटक्न SS ATH विलि ट| न्नम्‌] ait भिं cacy wa कचि (कांटन

CRCSCSH खमु Silty (कष्वि यन्नयन्म BITH tery वक्नय्टन |

मनक] ङ्बिस्‌-गन mq वाट fern शिन रुरल WAS WIVHA afaca ge fora =TSTIY GSTS

ATNWay Cray WSF |

cae नखि face खांनिन qra-sice नन्‌ वा Alera WT

faafga aifsace स्थांनिटगक ख] S- ATS कर्नटिखक् टेकन WS FTS |

asica farts कत्रि जनक निवट्म ast AA AEM खाट FSV.

aay र्ब्रिस-यट्न froers शरंट्डत्र FIT न॑रो बन-कु.श्टन |

etry ठांनि 24 wha ares जपांत॑व कक] ait acer sacl

खनि) PITAL कच्छ] SHsq] we} यिय! वयन नशा जि

नन्णक्। Waratt निग्छञ्च ore] खानि मांश किन STS VHT

wat याज wet किनि स्यैज वट वक्रन। fez ्यांङेन जकन WAST |

Wiese WAR Ate eatag ati (षरिभ्र। WH ATG बटन

mH Saas SEA BPHITAcHICATS MEA छिटष्डषं CS SST |

धक्‌ द्रे छिनिषएोति न॑य जिदट्म.नांत्रौ Hob saa ae aie Saibeanre ae feta टेकन मव Pesce

वटी Ae CS ASAT

Sx गाद्म aa fer = caw (डा ATA YS cafe ace safes यन

नटय Birr (मवि sifaal यनमांटषसे feo विधथ॑काम व्रन्‌

@

rats

nicea afaca edi tices (वरन ae oa afacea गङ्किन्तत्र ater | wards BIG दांग यभरत

निं ACH ACT वानां कन्तु (वशात | मुव निरे CAVS Aas Sta भाट नक्कयम टन्‌ (खन निशँकत्‌ ates | acy canta Ste ofa धृणांग् हकांदकि Fea (कश्‌ खक्रूनि गेकांत्र | यत्रि नदे। ACA नांव (धट (टे VITA Gita मोट MEAS CITA | cSéutfen वांवषंनि aereq-otata CHE RICA CHE SICA ACS HATATH | ASIe BATS (वनाम निमदं

WE Pi SICH ACSA GTS Bee |

८र्नमटर खट्व श्ट Aa नन्नन ata छञ्ज-मङ्ध fice छाव-मडोव्रग | Costas aren निक्त) ez शक्र-ष्टन गृणिवांटव्र TE STA wats VITA | matey agate ota staat

ante few face ote firm यांनि

जनक] दटनन fae a SAE (न acy शेरे cata गसिकव्र वांग।। मिभ रबरिश fee ब्रनिव्र दशृटन MUVy Bice ae गिल eww | Sates ace दद्विव Tay (लोजिनं area ice ate लविकटत्र | Bert फलम) TU टव्रविर-गन (लेजिगं अक्षत फल। कत्रिग नैन | BR IS अहे मेक fer AeTT care “few fee evfia रुटव |

कैम शौन

iter गहेट्गक वागा मिम AIT शप्र श्य Wes दिकवन्र | छात्र AA वाक शट ब्रकरट्र SE ay माशिखि शिनि उत्रबिटख | खला gata शेषि अशान canfag abe कवा afta fasta | खष्टेनम yates Gal afsata

टेन ग`ख्ड AG) arets Bata | जकन HRA fore Sars HS

नक्त TH SHAT भै SPT | भेन (एषति विष मवु ace ace छनिग मकण Foy afer (कोषटक | मर्व 8८न attfgs ate aera

fas विथश;म ecm मनजा-किन्‌

~~)

wafers विनी दर्‌ stata sata ®क्रटतर wwe fre Sees अकां | Hitec Stary afecey frets ote भिद शवरि cam pate | AABN HAS नदेन ब्राकनाफि aftws ate कत्रि गूढ warts | नामां दां टश स्मच tiga जट्छक OSHC] fara Cae यचिट्वक | भूर्वट्नाट्क यांनन्तिर छंश्रखश्न-कष्दनि नाना वांछ (क।नां र्न कटू नारि नि | ated कत्रि गोट वारे नधिकाटवर हय face निटत्रमर Seicz | Otte TW काश (नट) विषयान sacs कि कब्र वम्‌ मरिषांन | निजंरट्यं Stor ate चांकिल गोकिष्न भवो शे-८वदशां fray eee (कमटन |

Co

2¢8

wraca Sifaal (नटङ। वनिन See cea वनि विव््त्रि छेन fren aa | afsen गनकी-करते टावर Praca चनन cree Seq Tara यंकाल्वर। छनिग्र। यनमा रदेन यानन atts afm मनका -क्रभं AA यवछांद्र। tucfs Sate निम्‌] दिषषत्रि faa faeteta वटम्‌ कव्र-(खांङ्‌ कब्र |

ने गैर्यव्

AMSAT AACS (तंन) MYATT HST निनि-खवटमैव SCE BAG TATA |

मनगादिकप्र

अरि मक्क्रनेधूभौ जयि सै acy

नृगेखि catfen sce atata atric | arth (छ मनका थर्‌ खटनक geferett (नीं कषटये गां वर aie अकांकिनो | ब्राानांग रदेन ata Rife Cary (खुकिग य्‌ ब्राट्णात्र यबि ` खष्टाशनिमौ मनकाटव्र छिटिनिक नाहि wa

| पणो कदश्ट्व वकि ath gorse ERT |

SHY AFT कटश CUM FHA

oft cei गांवां न-रिभां sida wt |

यपि aterte ata अखि राँटक पथ) stews (फटमट्व्र Beal राड मिष्ट) ara | ants catfeal sal कत्रिन ota fautey er ate Fray नान |

Atif हलि (न) शशव

faxes aarfs

वभिन। weal एकि

खंकि यामि afatca

Be ufa Ste ऊट

qaeel Bex faarfas |

साभिनौो GSTS cata

Sls HEH SZ

ferry भनक] CITT ACA

CATA ब्रजा-ख्धिकात्

etfs यग नब्रवृनु

दन्‌ कत्रि न्‌ खवटरट्न | ae सवशि कट्वर Atta

ब्रम TAS HB

ants cata fer ace

मनक} CHITA BCA (एथ |

catefacs क्र

aface aj भांद्वि मन

व्रखनि eres crest नखि

“ied watt कहि

ate शेक्र-ख)छि शट

wafers Gru भैषि |

wey शमि

Ihe paperay ah कांत acaceafs PACSITS Fre भदिनग्र Ceae विन) शं rw} faq कट्वर] गनब्रथ

ASS नमन ZS |

SCA शुकशुन्‌-9खि

त्मनि दशन] ie

पिनिम Cre थजट्ड

fae विथणाम कि

Sad Gary (मदि

AM-ATH FTE CHTG-BTTA

=

SIS न्त

अजंममप्र ate] खक] कत्रि SATA CHAS ACH BTM AAA | atotan ateta vice facie sta शुन CHa ate fea ace मन | व्राणा ae ay fe क्त्रि यथोग्

ates cacica यि] cra farta | भिरा त्र चिटष्टम ae cory afestat afr crest ट्व मिरु! कि विट शौव्रि यटि] श्नि ater निन दहन ota-fag मंम कत्रिन fee |

ge fro cantata aaa Aw atatacy Crm ate Stewics विरु | ata कत्रि fra ates eee Porta छत्र cee cats ater Biter गडा | shaty siva करु कट्वर निकर यविनटश oe भाण करेन afew | गिखांब्र निकटे त्रा ote कटं शन states यादहित्र। aca fowl ख्ब्र।

anata fretca एनिन। तुश॑दद् हट ale Vy etary ayy | वाश ate afeal Stace हटा CSwey Zea (मनिग्रा cre क्र | zafas btm मद नोन at fen किमह wee बाज कङ््-मड AeA | एत्र यैटवमं shar ayes cHceta ठेक्षिटमं छि atce faye | acele)atea ce टग्रिव-यख्त्र शिवम-व्रेनि वारि wore AAs | THT AAS coq GTS (रोग्रथ वादि व्राज] outa उद्रि | BATS Aira sia ayfacs Beste प्रांनान कव्रिटनक acer | afan) afeal छा Stata (गनांन BUH मनम्‌। CATS) Bix GAA | ay बृष्टि (गव ata eaata न्रा कांनिषटश Sos Tecate SVs लिंटर Fate-Kat] ना STA or sifeece थांमि foo firey Hara | मनमाँत्र ACH Bical ates निष्ांत्र feo Fretety aca नेन मात्र |

9९

aan few

od

शनेमभतरो

btenta safe ङि गटन खट्व शरावो थांनिन्‌ थदन्‌ (गग

athe यारि चष Ors यङि (्वा्रत् शाङ्ग ce aay AEF |

(यष ATH Stet Strat ahem मकन्‌ तिटणं TACT शरेण APSA

CATT ख! AS-Wies (कष्‌ FITS नारि coca efaa ante casts |

ठेथेनिल का निकट भनि CACY SHAT CIA तिनयमि नूकांटेन fea-fafen नारि aria |

WIR वेनकेन] ATS BCH Cts अंगे ALG लिट्‌ Aten cafe Say frig? कट्छ। za नारि crt-cate ota VS IS अवन्‌ FHA I

ww दुक हिन कृट्नग wtferal भैषणिन णटन गेकथाट्तर 4 दुब्विदुग

विभेग्रौख टेन ay व्‌ Way Cee भए St forai afar शांटन eis |

विवय (सांटखत्र छोटक छक ट्र शोटक शींटक गा face रदेन faze

माष (चेर गम कार्मखांनि atest भैक atc छेभ्ि। नाट जन।

कांशत्र णंकिग्रं wr | caters (कनां७ arm ATH nee नाडिक Frets

etfaal मनगाणवौ acm रिम कवि SSBC Viral Saray

wet fer ०९१

dd ata

Ore frat acer Stemi शेन विभाष arta ace कनि ath कतिव्‌ state | षयि thy Ste eae कांशात्र Caracas fos atta निषाद | SICH वटन a are cra चिटनां एन कानिकटह कोनि cata ay शाग-षन। Ses NTA CHITA छोटक BAITA Hg for अविनट¶ tate aaca |

cme भाज यां] पिना यङिक-छननौ aioe efor जद कांनितट्श्व्र शानि | Brats वनटप्र ate was fasts SwE TAH Mea feta |

गकन्‌ जिन्‌ खव यनमा निनिघ्र]

खव cutesy (षटमटव्र न) शंव निष्ात्रिग्र | हीट बटन शीं१ cca al Clas कानि सषि we म्र खट्व वदिट्व शत्रागे।

Zu ofa aan alee वाट एय ware Sfacw foe sire कात्र aa I निग्र वाङ्न cats शवनकूगांत्र

लांक fray gfea Coca Fea SF ame भित्र ata ata Say fie pasracs सिति fool त्रमांखन (भन | SICH ATH. a AY SATIS Ay यिगट CAS ATA FTI HST | aifea निटमटस यवटरगांघ्र Paty

ata Nea Stew ate ate नात्र wT | MEATS एवान OH ALTA

cae ata याट Sten Sire Cem Sz qa Tema] oa AAA

gaa विवि हंटत्‌। हनरं Sez |

eet आभ econ यनि कटने) yrs भकन्‌ वृदं fray शौ ंट्वा (क्ट्नटवु शूनव्रनि कर्मात्र वदन वांत्रवाब्र

ayn Sica ककि गोषेट्व frets | ट| वट्न म) Shas कानि एतु

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ata ठनशंव्र cw कव्राहेन। (जंजटन | कदर)-थनांए छनि atta मदत wats atal Stew) cree (मदे era | Cotes कटश Stew) ate इरेन दादि यांनिन कलांव्र ait xen) यिव |

गटन Stel frat aq छेनिन्‌ मक्न Safa (ट्त्व कात्र Stew! Bye | याट दा] barre धति aety

ङ्क BSN ACH हेतवो

aay fear वं कानि ate वावि

पौकिव्‌ cota वा aia नि शतो 4g tf नत्रशेरि fetta azty

aay fafs-crstes काऽ निखोनद्र | QE HS ACAS TAH) ACH खान यांभो व्रि As acy वियम्‌

कुमु शूने। मङ्कि

०५४

see

भनभा fares

Qsirt नोन्‌)

>

aatfe ata

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कि eface शोट्व्र ara tifa ैक्ि। Bice atel गनं वट्ग कानि गममाग्र ABA Safa frm vicetca sats | आंभि pttwi ate इरे विकिर मश्माट्त॒ acaa fags महेम ना जाद्‌ CHCA | aceca दनिन्‌ ene frota (षव QTEWA SITU ABT SHIBATA | शमाटेश्र) fran nq za अनुग

CAS AIAN CAC BHAT AAA |

(मदे मृष्छ-वांम CHE ८वन्‌-नङि FCA caper निख व्रा एन्नैक्नन॑घ्त्‌ | निनिभूनि Se (शन व्रखंनि यद्वद

(रन VIA HICH शक्र MEA खाटम | CAA ATS (दां खादृ catacety Stee नां जं-ख्ब्र Stel ste) RSTVM ATH | fashs-eateta 6 ट्त] शक्र Attra ote Ges शरष्ड कतरि शक्र colnet oferty | ote US Brow Sta rite] षाणि एन SSAA CUS STH ICH (छन HA | (कथिम atetey जव लांट्म खच BIT मनि ere बत्रि Mecsas टन | ङ्न SA PIN CE AAT

weca करिग frail नथांदे (ताद्व

(मिष frat ङ्न ate निकट

Au यां मटर ae Asc | AUS (कछ fo जकन arcs

aca ङ्ग eifaatce atfea मटर | गाटख बां वर 6 टता कटक fragecet खवेव्र-(गांएटन ATS ACH (ठे-षरूटथ | यट्म बटन SICH AS STA SHAT staal गानिनौ-धव्र ates चषे-धाटन | faoa fea wica नरेद भत्र

eel wifa Aca Fea कद्िन्‌ भमन | there कनिट्ऊ टन्‌ (त्न ata-atcat विथकांज वटन शग्रो-एव्रनमट्व ट्ख

2 TAS Ala

खानि BITCH AIS CRTH छेन कांबन्‌। FAAS-BiTATS CAA A SHAS (शना | ea cn steed ata ath 5 teary भीर अटनक gee facafe (छायाम | ङ्टनव्र ashe ee cay काद्र गोट्छव्र Blac Aca ai क्रि भैमन। कानिन्र fratce cata मजिन मकन

शन शरू AMS देष free |

Siffre नुग॑खि वट्नं मकक्रग्‌ SITE ख्िक steal लाम aca faeries

-2 नेत्र

GST काल! Stacy मटन मन मागराष्टटन (माद्र we दपिव जौदन |

geet नील ५९१

टिंट त्र SAA-CHITY काखम्‌) म्टद्र

यथि कानि (कनि पिन 1 णा व्र “ice | य्िक stacy व्रां शि रखांगघन यदव Siar शिग्र तांगकना-वट्न |

(श्न कान ASH HH अज्ञ Aes कट्वर नैव (इष्‌ SA कनांवटनब्र foes | ऊटव्र (कवि टम्‌ कल।-दटएद्ड नूकांग् काछवा WAY AA AS BWotayl ना az | icata गख्टक atSai atfaal एवम भद Stee निक weet atfe seca मन। AMAT (वन ATA WICH ATH 9 ङग SI FA WS Ges Goo a | GCA aoa कट्‌ fal मनक] निकट SBA BAI BLY BSR मह | ofa Scat नां बाम मर्वखन

मर्व ४17 MENCACy व्रागकल।-वन | TAS BER एक] कोम मन-दःट्य (रन Bata व्याव रदेन CHITA | cata att (टन (माद्र निन cotat fas Ba श्रुब Ca (कन CATT ABT ATE (कथि कि दनिव catca are) thea cabze कत्रि ब्रांख। छांविन wea |

यात्र (कर्‌ a एिनिद oth stem stat Sy वनि carey वशु Shares अङ) |

जनकं पनिद aca याभि pice ate रेष face aig fag नांटिक Gary | पटक छोवित्रं टव wb iq मन मनक! निकटे fara कटश भकक्र्‌ | ङ्न नरि arf ae एए] १७द्‌ एरदर्ग-व फंड पवनेन BI | खरषर्ममांव्र ata na चेद शङ Sata fa कृषि शाक! cater athe | विक्षि atata एक्‌ मागोत्र (करट ed (गनि एम एष (थार HATA | mas oats ATA MTT SISA कानि विवादम्‌ cata afeay भकन्‌। मनक] Wea acay anise atfera atin श्वित्र CHCA ASH-HST | qatafg मनक] खानिन शूनिग्य age gifs (कि calae-qre | sca त्रि wd cat AVA CHM ATA Oral Gem नरान PAS IAT | नान] ठेशराट्वर व्रांनि कद्विन sea नाना ect Bice नां कदन cores | दिवि otters ate भैग्रन कब्रिनं (र्म asics नयित eat fee ACHF BAI दटम HGH CTBT ‘aatcaa नद्रगणि nae (पथि्रा | कांशत्र FAT LE ES Weal faa facta ace (दौ वियष्त्रि

aApa@al

जनक TACT AH

ea ay etait

शरढ-भैव गर्‌ नितर्नटन

oie गाम AS यामि

भीरट्नटत्र cic मि

afta शदेन ATA

9१४

मनमोँरिक्बद़

antag ‘aaa नाय yee गरिमा aren कत्र रंजन

म्र wale गपा खक काम्‌ गाता MOMS Carey भमभन |

छनि मनक् भू नुग शंव्रमङ्‌शै यां नधन AAS नदेन CH

AG SM TEM उवा ATR HLTA क्षै भत्रम एवि छ्म$ट्न्‌ |

eof ग्रै कद्र मश fori aca उद्रि atfea (शरुटलेम्‌ वष (तं

नांनाशटनषटगदे्र जैर्वकार्यी nat form कानि इदे यदत |

कानि eq गोड (छन cafe (माद्र ना cacy व्रि उछ

(रथिषा atata कर्भ RITA शनो हेन HA ट्व कानि ata fas |

छापर) २७्‌-धत टद्‌ WS मश foul ofag Sete

faa-fafy ate wiq वादेश Atal Ba agra Gains ee |

caaiceaya safe 6 Camel क्षयि anfaal cel WRT

त्मव-८उाटन (मरे cae ब्रिनांम चना ब्रम

नि ब्रांज] vey रिभव्रन |

MF सकनक VF CATs भदेश श्न कृङुषटटन्‌ निवमि ware

aa cota (कदि निभि gee cata यामि कांनिषट ठेननौर ze |

कानि यामि ांकश्वख बु विष्टि दवार मश fool “fete mee

ethan ee ey चटक ETS (भग SMe ate ब्रहिन |

Kort भौन)

निग्र staty कष्‌]

HASTA ACT वाचां

तृनि विनि Gace थेखटड जोरिग्र गरटन मर्द खारि एकि यांटन fans निशं र्वन्‌ |

शूल (मात्र alana

act &८५ विशां द्र

खविवाश याट cata दव alata Gs बा कङ्‌ SNA का विवह कट] नशिकटवर।

arti Bre टर

विकी कनक ars

agate क्रि fre वुंटम

मृणेङटि fang शनि मट्ड नि ofa टन faafsa शिण faetnica @ ददिट्वु मनक Sta Brey pag मि ferey fren छमक टना aca थ) मि शिखा भिनां (कन खांनिमन | ATA WaT बाट शेन क्बीकष्‌। वमिभ ननिकक्नं चानन्द नशांरे-मश्क coy alfa cee

शूठ STA AeA AS SRT कति | faai-aica ate मद्विव AAT TICS cafe gfawi @ कतिव (कमर्‌ | यवष्डा कमात योक्नि कोत्र षाव शूत्निखन aaa गनां ग्र (कनीखट्त निन ais Stel (नाटकब्र area fowtge Tea} ata SITs मटन गहन गप्र मनजात्षवौ मानिन (शत्रा म$शरटव्र धट कब्रिन। Sore | गनकांव्र गामि act थमि शीट्त्र Aca (ङ्मकांटन घ्रान CRS मनक] मष्ट | atata feet (पवौ ब्रानिव्र arses एए atecas वानि ata (कन गेट | मनक WaT छैन वृक्क मोँर्खनि CU दशेर OSH त्रांकशूटदर टव (कनि | मारा ths वटन (यौ ofan Ft AA rary रानि carta वहिनि-वि। २२

छेखानि AeA ICA MS Sly कष CAH SlSTZ नाम FA ७५ श] | CHE क] HVE Sas मथिनटवु मनक) टावर Vicar Shey AWA | efan नृन्डि खचि aq मोँनटम खांनेनि एिन ater ACA HITS | ate cates ace sea यांटमरखन Bie Deuce कामे कत्रि Uicates | यां कबि carats aca Sats ATA वख! वमि Baas | (श्म कांटन Caen) विपत्र केति ata FHSAA ICH प्रान (दृट्‌ SH | ata खनव व्रि अङि यष््शौम्‌ safe (वषग गाना शशक कृष्य | लने Frege: विन्‌ छिमिग्। चक्रै कि कशिविोव्र a4 (गाद SGT | रवि खिट्ख मवत एन Ara Aira fas पिथ॑षांम वहनं Bea भ्त वदत |

ve

9१९

जनम रिक < yore

भकन मथौ (यणि शर्नि-कटन ठनि कारात्रा) craton इत्रिटव

मनिगन निव्रबम ASA भरन जघन नान HAT |

रिषि “wy कमन RHA ay afe विक्भि

मधून THAT जघन QA eacy यङि ननि |

AT) WGA way मविट्थम PAT TCH AT SH

Bea खविर्भग CSF AIA कांगौ (का जींखांट्नन |

जांनुम TE कंक waif गर्छवक्त जघटन एन Sie fara

ख्थिव्र मड विश qougq pate मटन दबनौट्तर

wee AS PSI क्रि GHG fos वाज AH ITF

PAS FaStia यां क्न छन ङ्न eal Fal (जान कट्वर

saa (कं निग्र acter गिभ) जनि (गरे Wants

कोभिग्र। यंत्र भौ ८कोष्कटक Stel (थि Sif oy ब्रभ-टन।

Sferai गेण fifoa 4 खि भूक firm जग coca

अङटषड खड] (गनि थंकांटनं crn (कनि safe qe कृड्शटटग्‌ |

aa oa OTF

gates fer] 343

asics cry (फनि

afer) ya cee ब्रा

थत्र कग fate

कब्र शि

(कनिग्रा AIT SICA अत्र |

CFE र्शेङ्कि रम

Sia gwar

मृषम्‌ Macy Vfacy

गन SICH STH

aren होरा

ante fae विथैांटम |

4 नोति atst (इन काएन GA Atal iTS eat qe}

दुक SNe cae यांशेटम मौजशखि | Opa श्वन cam Shere a नौव

atric एशि ace शाट उेगैटत |

Wary नटन (वौ Atcaa एषि वृक BANA ACH रदेन छेन |

थं FAH TWA कं (वार व्रनशयनौ (रौ हहे शष (वांछ | भवन निग्र यादि गरू ota

TOT खाकाब्र fry (नाद मर्द othe शंभर Cart afan sea मछ

cara yfe श्रि कीटक राखि एग शल गषव Bera मददरादद्र धा afin (वन जनकीौात्र निके | MIS न। कावर CTEM कीफ व्रटनं BACT जन गातं ATTA ATH ain army चि (जन कांनांनन few रिथ।ग दग नष्रा-भैषरन

be

छािभ्राति

दशान नोहि कट्वर cofeal arnt

(कान शर्व cata ace fire (ङ) cttot hs wtfafy stew pf aca चङ

भगे fay fasta Mes) छात्र | (वन) शदे Hit मटन चरि Beet GHB] CSR STS ग्रक्रदर्भ याचि | arate om af acer निक्त

wre शानि [ fren] अहे eather cats | wa Fier fe ex महोग्र दिषष््र

Stata यमां शैर्वजारि my orate att-yei Bal aify afray fs

opal erotface शत्रा कर्ीरेन रिरि।

इदेव Stents दह शमौ गदा

हैएाप्त feral पिव carers sare | रिवांम san दए भटना न॑कांणटन

orate (शीणएटत्र नित्रा कत्र (कांनटन | निबांद्रग ace ace भष Sis माकौ

एव तिनं भनिटन गूम He जावि

9१२

नटन वचि श्ाट्कनौ (वहन OPA भिट्नन रिनूव-नैष्य atone भक्ष | oat atin शट्‌ (महे ट्त ACA वक्र forte कत्रि (नां fre 204 CARA Calan Stow) Bea atte 9 BN] AVS BAT मशक |

मसमां रिक्ष

cHace otfeal wien रिटनक wee Sacw भाश] घान्‌ caters Bae ata ofa (वनां एनिन निं षव्र ota cafes खीर Fal खष्मा्व। Gartfa asica ata ate दिष्टमान Scag मक्न्‌ Bey Fearnty ATA |

> aaife

नि भग्र मविटभैव्‌ BBA (तमं

fe ata क्व afgets

Wists एङभन॑छि Ge ne टेवट्म र्वि “ity uta fe कद्‌ रिशान।

बटन खटन कुटन Arey विक्तिम्‌ HUT एन ` SALA ACT (ममन

ङौ (वां! SH थव्र॒(नश।-(कांव) नरि stg. शिडि ofa बे खविभींन।

शद्रि८स crtate fae यत्वमिन मावर ्राछा व्वि-कां्षौ कट BRT

मृ गणि-उनभरवद्

नाम खादर नविम

व्‌ YS SAS मशक | cae तणा cata धत ae यामि शिणगद्र

नाय cata (मांगांरे शखर

मई मातत दें AS fare STS मृणेणित्र शे श्रूतव्रारिख | | नुैष्ि-उनभ्रवव्र मर्व$ट१ वि्ठांशव्र

सविवांश खोट sty IA अवदि sai षट कट्वर यरि यक्तीकांटब्र eR Blas माटव्रक्षाट्र |

Cae गैन 39°.

यांभनि arife यामि मूकृष्ट]-मटव वमि छ) नादेट्ट aye यामां

aca किकांम कत्रि यादना व्‌ शरू ब्रं -वाड) कानां रेन (जाम |

मि mice ग्टक्टन विदम्‌ wT faa बटन CH Sy कम्र यक्नौकोत्र

छनि (डांमाव्रदांगै खानादेव a ahh ट्व (म SHS WONT |

faceg apa ofa मटर निखं मटन ef ग्र AE Vics यांनेनांव्र

भूकर] -मषट्व्‌ FA Bice ae गंगे यकव यांन5 मत |

BUH व्रसिर Bayi HAVA ACH न्रा] मृगि cattoca Seats

(तशि एत fefeortry अम esq) वटन fas faemin विद्रषटिङ

Do gfaay वटनम विवा fra ware ott | विवा-वराटव TICS मद्रिटव mere | Bz) ofa atc ace विषा गि-मटन

खां शनि qafs खांरेन्‌ Stfes (कमटन | (रन BCA (वद्नं SUS ठेशेमन

cota ace (मथि (क्न विव्रमवणन - शनि मटर (वङ्नांघ्वर SCR मर्व कां COMA ARR CVS यांरेन Siew) तांस

aitiy sin वटल ater [ ननन | arene आगात eat क्वि निटवत्न। efaca नृगे टव एनिन। एव्र माट्ट्र afaca fetal रेन Sots | नद्रिशौनि कवि ated autem यामन erty aire ater SCS! निछ-भेदम्‌ |

कांवीटर्र्‌ feathren ster चषिकात्रौ Faa-atca ननी षाड शव नभिनापत्र

भांटर्‌ ACH BRAta क्रि नि्-शरती | COTS गांड aoe कार्षी कि वनिद Sica | ataica कडित Is (शेना भां शेत छेनिम्र। (वशन्‌ दटन ATA! (ङे कबि BIG AVN ATE MTA FCF | वांश खांशे छननौ Hota Tarafa | एन्णैकनश्रटव se eM नुशैवटवर ea छैन निखा ate stata कन

CART AS AA Tq MAUS | गनांढेनिदेन ye al जीर वेडन |

348 मनां विंग

aia (जरे उिव) ote कूम)

aq aa ace force cae विषा्रिश्र। ofa निखा ate गाङ) शत्रसि शेना are ante कांट्बी frag कत्र्रा | खट्व HITS HStSta GRahs cay TAKS CADTA ACA CHVRS SSA | Cre नथांरे यरि SAS APA

कत्रिव wee दे मंत्र Ufa मनम-एवर छण OF AWAITS

“BUT MUSA बक Shey (जागाद | DICH ACH A ATH SA Aba att (टन fers कानिन्र ba RACMA-ACA ATG नांरि.८कान उग्र AVG Sate मि यांननक्षभग्र |

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(नाशात्र eae fre Si fea fowcs qfaan face छन Stata Sica | निदरवरि का fra wie (पशे जान aig भिक ate नां ay Seiay | fofeal afta aia याकून Aste fray Sifaal size faelwty atta

‘o> wararer

छांवि gia खगान्‌ atta farca

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(र्न BAST व्‌] मडट्व (कान थि मांनट्द fretere ates (नांशांब्र sare ख। शन] WA ८कटना ना $गिष् मटन cea खनमौन cate धूषिव Gara |

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भशि

रमिद। करम sey (वह्नातब्र शफं Praece नाति oth (नांशत्र sore | लेन ट्‌ भिग्न वटम्‌ (दहना AYCA

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कए CAM चारे शान। यांनिग कांड | काट डि भवर काष्ट! शाखिन Gata मोरु मांगी Fare fraty Sows | मनम एर) याब GAY (परे णान Cea वामौ दांनौ गै शत्रिन Sats | fas कब्रि Sf (श्ट contd! “tb मां ptf (विन (जन eexice [St]s | crite Tea (नाक भांननिरमन

प्रान aia fasts कतिन कंन-भीन। कत्रिभ्रं रिषि coteraa Five भष्टव्र छांकिग्र। वाहेन षट त्राटक afral माषटत्र णिनि wy (वक्षन

coteta sone खानि शिनि क्रम्‌ | sce] ater Hafan (नांशाव्‌ sate किट हेन cHUTeTS Hasty 2 | aA CHAACS ATS कब्रिन corer छत्र कहे (यांग भैया] कव्रिन भग्रन |

Hoy भवन वटर यखां यामिनी शौरुकौड Seer कटर नृनेभूनि | CROITH GETS Stew कटव्र खहा नोनार Cam जाट्‌ (गौरव Hata विक्र देष ety bteml aaaca SAS ACY ACE TROT | ace shay bier चांगैनाव्र शग मर्वकषे] Slay मनक] वदां वति |

नव ददप भिक aca catata कनो छोट VTS छत्रिटवक Hata न्रे | ष्ेनि मनका वटन्‌ HtcHtA (गोषद रिवा-त्राट्व CIA ATT ITE GE | al किव शर्डनव्र दिद वाकुक Gaza हाट ब्रज Voity रूषिन्‌ बटन बटन ui कब्र fs cotta खट्व aifes (नाशं पवर Neth mace | aay cata Coal Stele fesra टव कानिव्र ary कि sfarw ates SICH TAH (कोटक SRT (ङ्नगटख विवाद्र SECU ब्रा] Fay Stweies | ट्वकांटनं ses विव हन भर्वन

शि विथ ac मनम्‌}-ए बुभ |

<न गैन मं

348

भनगाविजस ait नाम्‌)

Natal SAS | >

ata eer ASS छत्रिणा cot frrate sifa fact fat Ath

भटटन एप ate भैया) cofe ais ata aero sia Fors |

axsirs AMS BS fara शट्व नव वमिन। co व॒खभिरशामटन

ona faa eT ATS ESA VASA (सौमि CBS CTC |

खांटपभिंन। TSA atfaatcs Trea cateta afar भमिवांद्व्

Cpa CHAS ATH weet निन्रकांत्र ATs खांमिन Jats दद्र वट्व्र |

शछडक्रट० यती तान्‌ नर्दङुभिथटत्‌ शान यूयं HTS SSCA SICA

By नन खननम्‌ स्क -(छक शूनः Al दरद मर (मे एन |

Stfanl oe FU otfea nats (नीड csita न्‌ विष्टि canta

otfen विषम मोक छिठिनि छांग खथूर्व CARTS pifa एन |

जाक शानि मत्व मनिमश्र ay AICS वोन्‌ ada ATA भत्र Hq लहमब्र चत्र aie भूनि-मनव्र

(टव (णन “fore TRA |

भृक्खाब्र सत्र नौं arm THs मास्व ऊब कानि अरि

siz fea अविग्न कनककनमं SICA fafea ASS Scw Sie |

wit नीनां

mews नाग्नि नापि एभिग विषय aif afore wey Baca

Reetcs वभाग्रा। छित्र॒ वाऽन atten fity |

छथि Hy Ty CHS! कट्वर |

कौट्ड HTS (शंन हिन (भोका Sorted षिन wars (गांशोत्र wis (गोर

मनिंयग्र TASS AAT] BCI FS गशाटयटव (जन व्रवि-खांड। धमा विष्टि (षवि यमभ fofeogie

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Borns se (छात्र यि टना wre ACH zat ate MATS |

कामिनं Satyr नत्र == contain मर्व भ॑ यांन cristal tats

she भंवर उर yates गेषं STF afer भ्र aware |

enare fatts कत्रि qafes qarafa कांमिन। रदेन Sas

atqy SSAC ABS COME VATA भिश्नकोत्र कतरिग gies |

यंभा frst (मणि गेडि stay शषौ विष द्‌ चानन थका

tay Sate इष्टि गनमा-ब्र Afs Frafoer विषं fret

५११

. 9१४ र्‌ IE:

artsy seat छांकि afer कद्र apa wate हिन com-atbt उब | याभाव yaa fre) णां नह face

ay ofa खाम्‌ stray crest crt ate-emtaica acs coca fact हिट छाव B teal षट्व्र Sra श्रूय-विख। cates Bee-aiacy wife off शद्वि

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. wert rary

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वर्मा शूष afa नान ag aes | िटनक acne fed fafay काट पपि ate काणि मरेन वष्खट्र | apa alas दौर faqs म्ण एनिन atces श्रि नान वांकृ-त्रघ्कं | द्वन ठेखानि ब्रज atce विषयान afyatcny fed mem ट्रक रिषन fo रिथैहाम वटम्‌ Stay थैकांनै ` छडकन्‌ तिन गोत्रा (कन्‌ सर्भिवाभ॥

कांग At

Stacy दभांप्रा कटर एव हता %भगेर्ि टता 9१

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मरौ शंकगिमा दूर्व कन। एफ पदि (शोटत्राषएनां

मनिड थू चिक fre FRA AR CHT Say] |

विवि माशन . वां Ta

जानम ठेकानि stray

यांटेश्-9१ (गलिः ...

` `` (षषे हनांदणि

(वनाद्वा विख।-कोटर्था।

ale गीन।

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वक Coq वम AT

छलं मिवाप्त पमि म्र SHCA गट BSR

Bice काथं ata याट फलवद्‌ tate a खन |

Cathie तोका ata वांश्च are गछन HT MEA"

नदष ममौ Ace याट कार ता पिश Wasa |

oy शूरण So] कन AVA eaface [ भाव ] ea

Caria नश्वर लपि चट्त षव विथ व्रम Ne

8 शानमि att

Mey गानांहिट्ट मनक| OFS 1H बौ Hat खि

areal चष्रभात्रौ नतव इषि ay य।ननिरुगछि |

कमल) Fase BEA भैना यगन शिन) atest

ete मलन CTH एणा ae मानांवर |

qtr) eicatey ` aan tam)

भोकर निजामी

गिग उतरीवरषौ मणौ -

SRW STS |

3948

wat faery

Seo

seal विष्छशर ara fara faa टां्राद्ौ

as) चर्नटत्रथ। Sai Pacer मनक। UTS AST

fatal Satay wath Garth sath मानिनौ aa

खनेष्टत्री frat मोती विष्ठांशनैौ गटनांज॒म। Feces |

मद area cafe RNA] कृषूर्नौ ata BSA (वग

HAtHte| ATH BCH वष्ट ब्रहम निंटक।-शरतिं MATT |

मनक। Pye ATTA SA शूलं cam खरिवांम

AT ARTS CS fAqTea टं िब्रषटि विद्धम्‌

@ ATA TSANG यां नन्वि crete aes

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गे यौथिवाटत्र eta गनक। Wrst uty oti suis aorta शर क्रि | BSAA मटन HVA मनम Fates aetfafy गैर) याट atafas बटन | efaal (गौरखर वाम्‌ eatery कत्रि वाग कट्वर भूर्ज ओंत्रि बाब्विधर् कदि सना यनम्‌ are छनि aes cay मनन ACH जनक वांमि | शिवान -(वहिरु मनक] ब्रांगा-माटसें Say CABS (जन oer मारण | गेत्र इूवनं AEA TICS नत्र MHRA MAI HAH ATH |

ary afi faegathy wife एकान यांविटगन otal ata (गोकिक faatca | HINACIHES AIH Stee (मनि ametal cafe firm cre इगांहनि |

Bray satete

att नानां 9४५

पयाे७ Wee नदेन जराम मलग विशटन Sasa wa a कत्रिन वक्षन |

fae विथमम Ace मनमा-फतुम

SFO BATT US| BH Worry |

नै

(छत्रयौ att

(म्र नाँङौत्रग (यनि

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BSey-shorw शुदि fafea vad otf बि za ifs atat dre नानां Safe कत्रिन Aa ata

arate aay वाह्लांट्त `

CBE नांद ATT NS

छनि afs शनलिर

गलन SOIT घटम धम

गँष्यशवनि अविनव्र

Srey नानाम

खमिदांत्र (पश्र मर्वक्रम |

Catfas निद्रवि

ate ace ata विरि

मृं faart खडि atfa

TAA HAG FTI

TAF MAF AG)

अनिवांनु oa वृ ्वमि |

कशिनलांभ कनन

शूगति मूङ्तिखांन

Marty cavas (कर) पाम)

तएगमा-गशोनांटतं

(वग नाशि छनि भटक

eer ace नाशि (कम) |

GO-TO ACH

za afar acer

नभादेव ufise कट्वर

नाभि cata cam

gem ंबांनिन

fea fretety stra गट

>४“र

FAIS BV

SEI ATF) AM SI दकु AMSA विविश्‌ aaa sca नोना frst fos aay FBS CBA IPT वक्षन

ata afe fra arts sface (खन | coraca तृजिन्‌ yet ace] wifey (शौव ofan fray खद्नवाश्चन |

गोम five gangal विटभैटव सखांषएमन fa aca वभिन। ACBITA | ef a-orga ace faa दक्तट्न AtaAtrA SETI GTS ATU चटन VW | ante ate कत्रि ace ofay area SHIH ATS HCH AIT गांन | ASCH Ws वान BWSTA AI . व्रांख-यखब्र ATT AYA वमन्‌ |

मनक] Pye)

मनभां HT

कृषरग-(८़ भ॑व Fira cates frarcasifs confafa-yea (कम Faget feats | (भित्र यन्म कट्त्र care Bouay* wel wor विदि crtara श्रुवनि। ननाद BAH नभ्रोट्म BHAA ALANS SF CHA SAVF IA | Sewer ayy कनक HOH

मनिगन FS (खन्‌ खनद यानन | कनक-८कद्व्र GE GS Hass] Satta casera qwa-axs | कमर aes cus कुररटमव ats ceafafayr cafe रटवशव्रो-षात zSy Sa CHAS कटनल वटव gifs aicaty wre तने रिट चरू | afon काटमव करनं sface aera aq-mryce वटन fee feeteta |

नि ater

ख) नटनं ota (कथि

ufay (रुषि fra cate

faafe oa अखि

ख।नम AH BS

एकन WHATLA |

eaiaica cata af

cefaces यात॒ नारि

पथे खां बृ-ङ्वटन

खा ग)टव्रा मविदटष्डटं

fers Hetaicr

न) ata (क्रटनक्‌ विष्ट्न |

fasta) states

न) BITS CATACH

Hee WF Os Ths

Blas अनशन

(गन cota fara

ates cata tts |

art नांल

Say Se far wR seta पंरनिर्म मनजांव्र नाट

ख! जड] Fatt धुषिनि मव wT COLA cay BRAITH |

विवश कवि aa य)जिरे Awa nig sfaal विश |

ANS She sey) Hate (नांबर Ate खंननौब् ity |

जनक] wtwey नथा शवरि कट्वर जनिन नंदराम efaca

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विणि poctinr col िटभं aeraey गंखमू कुषटोव्र ars

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«faa fray got ८२८्क (ष्या क़] Afr PACHA दूता

AGS ककन विष्वं निद्रमांन गनि कृ-गनिट्ड Wats |

Sfacs Beare नृगैणिनिकन विवि area वाट्क gzefe fray डाटस aioe विथ॑कांटभ Aaa SATATATTH

0 | विशेषौ एनिन arate (एोरिट 9 छशरक्ष्वनि (मनभैडि atfe मद (वांशं “alata मवीटक विकट्म यांन wits

माणि] afer wet रिटि |

S&S

aos

wart faery

frava ङूत्रिषक अधं हौ गाटण शक aa Sify गांकिटनङ ae

मोक माणं एांक गट भकग HAATY गौव faa शरटवरीहिर

निम रिविांदव्रटम भर्व छांखिवर्भ भटक गेत्र यांनटन्‌ हंटम्‌। atc

नि qe सूद] न्ग थटमांकमन AAC THATS TICS |

EG HS WTB BACH YAW We teqe Fraga afew

नानां यना MICE मारु (मात्र मटक ए) मब्र भृष्टं शटनींखि |

AAG AAA वृत्र wifey ce TaSA एण crratfs वृ Oty

A ICH खटक्र-ख्टगं देना रटेन टन agin safer धनौ ata |

ata aft ace नि्िङ fare acy (ोटकाटन वजिन जुभवट्ब

गाल fa yaties cats यामां) ws alors (खन AACA |

aoa ga Firs = cates नानां eerste BEIT षन OTR ferw

गेडि Safe wife weferai मनजाटकवौ foo fremty faafécw

Aaa

दांजौ उद्रि थषव afer ateter रदे wh ca AA Hs अहत Soin Fats oa saga एत्र गदेन Bales] यमश्शान |

भैम TIA दान (विट शुनाद् pointy गांगांकत्र गरे eT | apa Wate एटन भ्व) नारि ey wat feet He (जन Stee जकर Torts मात्र] efor नानां cast ae ate Ne शौर नानां ac |

colfecst वाखन। ace aia aay ooren fae Tay एश्णकननतर। atcea aretca ated निल rasan AAT ACSIA SIH Aq ककन | cBlerat दांखाट्व ater निट्ना waa यटि वानि ara कमनि चाट न॑, कनक वोख॑}टत॒ fam कवन aca दिषिगड (कवक afar विष्नस। HCAS) AATA (भन SICH wd नक्र नक्र CHCA GS omy AAA | माना atu शिर ate see Sots जिन्न) जकन ate एनिनं Bias | विन नँ fea कम्र हाटक) INAS wy cafe ब्रा वाहनि are | Bey cry) ote याकि दिवि दछन (मित्रा मकन Chey] रन्‌ ज!म-गन | yaya cotaatie जकन (किरा me जकन (नोक द्धौ शब AEN | रिस्‌] मर्दखन (नशलिम्र एग fasta caatfe con (यिदद ota | यनिषटे fora fac ¢ Wal (एकत्‌ विनां cafe ata cata काटी Ga | य] Sta गर्व CS MSH EA safes TSG) OH MET TE | mI Hey cars afor atferay (कोटक एनिन ace व्रविर रेरा ee खामि व्रशोेन कट] नुगैवद्व्र हङादफि अटल रदेन AWE |

प्रमं otter

८४न।८्४नि (कमोँट्कजि नवात्र was (वांश नारि टन CHS BTA STS | टा acm दरि sa कि stars ८१९ व्‌] कृत ST वट्न AIH | हंटणो ATH STITH वांकडे) नाग aren Seq श्र) भान fra a) कद्र (कानन) उत्व यानि वटन CAB) दूजिम्रं COME BAN STA (दत्‌) BY AMT } संशम्‌ [ 443) ] नख As sora (भी कन्‌ नाकृ) He ननम्‌ Sta | अट्यादाम्र नाके] Mata नश्च एक WT याद्‌ सृश्मांन। VANS Ae शाकः वेनु Hea

TRE AME BF नश SG वागन | afar वाक ata fea waa चव्थींट्न Gal शन crs alee | ठ।एक] वटलं वुकि] (किणि cata St fee जट उट दोक SEA Gly as क्षे Vata SAG OTS Wray

aify cel शे ab afin (फक्त SCA BSH शप्र नान पिटिनक शोभिश्रा faate (गथिटड oem शद्रसि देषेष्र | निर्खन cites aly cca मृगवदर otfqay यनमा GI यांरेन HSA | éteatca एनिट्ड नौखिटलन Basta

‘fae facinty वटन शेक्रा-शषं मावर

see

D2 ` विभौ भाजिरा atcsa ण्न ` मनमा कत्रिन मां नाखि eta नाट्भश्रवौ fagaca ace fern शशा देक्रिटर epee | एनिटगा शतान्यत्र बद्र} -

9८५

भमनभाविक्जय

अदौन भवन cata रिकट्य ettaey WEA AS AES यवन

(णन CUA-NTE TATA wet fot यककांत्र ity ए़ोंकिन SAA |

अछि Bee scraz (षधि cara गदौ कनं कितं छूद्रा थम)

aan दिषटिय ace atin otfafers ठेशनौर bien wate

विसम aicets श्वनि मर्व cate जोम efi ay Fah अनभ्र खांकावु

UIs Vis मर्वटनांट्क (कर sire नारि cuca ASH जौकन खमात्र।

atm BS BITS (खन्‌ AHAUWS ATG विकनौ erate fra

cae acy विमश्नातं ap बिष्ट नेद्रमाभं (कष वटन अकांन्‌ CAT |

निर्धन यंत्र ट्श उद्रिव (कयन ay विशम sface नरि sta

नात्र fata aa firaby निवी ox ales ss crate |

TICS RECS cote (कनि «EHTS (रोष्रनौ Facery tet नांशगेग

MAS TST जर efe-catel-fas as यच्च (कणि ety मर्दन |

मां ifs विषश्रि शत्र छक ष्टा Stem त्राणा धात्र चेक टव

८कनि caters वाण ` त्राण। ata aptife (खष्ग एोटक frat 0टक |

(ख्षूक्रटल (वणि ety रटत wheres शीतर गि ata aerate जाग्र

दटन कि EU मटर inten (टना (कषित ters गमजा्र)

The ‘Hematala’ Staff (Taladhvaja Capital from Pawaya. Gwalior Museum)

धातमं गोन

cafes विस्म कां खांट्द हाटक मरां (काश्च शय ti fam गारे रौ (पाछा (मनश रिशांन eq खि sine for (कष नादे | aa agra vce मिद्व eepctics Srafe cafaai aaate र्वं $7 (भटना (काथ सहेथटन्‌ facet frst ८कन दरेन (दन विजा | छाट्व हदम्‌ ख्िकोतौ महते (कमटन SFA NSF ATH FN (कनि wt रिट Maaty arsface farety यमान कव्रिन ati कांनौ। हैटणतर टन छनि TAA BTA गि afer TAS टतो are ANS caw GTI CHATS hota टव ac ay afer cata oper | eto era (कपौ 6 wa atcata wife भर्व caty कव्रिन fast ABW (छ नाश्रत्र om! BE SEMA wt पिन दरेन CIR | हएत SecA चेरमूत्थ चय शरू कत्रि GICs CHIN (भटना (मागां शखर (मनां गरि att awit भटञ Be खष्भे

fea froma faafou

ee) ate भसं छनि atce eaters मन

भेद यांगनात्र GT AA GCS SS | भद्रि “iS Sea अट दां कान ARS Hees हए) वत्र गबिकपत जत्र core ea धति ठेरिन नकन | wafer erica गित्रा ETH ATTA | atten ayer Bes cotcer [ cote } ata acta Vente Stal एनिन AWA (मचनाटपर ata ce ररेन वांजन।। ` MS गम गह च| दबिन Gatca | नखा श्रौ यांनमिरु Bra नुशवट्व्र गेट AY Stel नांणिट्ड a नीव

Sars wea fw भूकृ! Aer! = ` CHA NST GF aw Bed HoT!

४५

Sie TAA faery

लभन्त ayafe afin Sars

mye (पथिन्‌ ata wb) विनेत्रोट् | खिष्ठाम्‌ 4 मृनयूनि वच्छे कि stag खांजिट्ड नना Voi बटन मूर्वणन | Faca wifey ता] छटक्‌ arya wifey atcea vin क्विम्‌ cw BF दौटव्र ICA SCA Atl Stem STH वुक्षकांट्ग खां (म कब्विव वांद्वन।

Be RCS षके Brea ATA नड्ट्ड वक्र (ककिर हाट्का नछिनि बिट्‌ | (विग्र &tfre fare (मग्र festa वाश-खनैर्ाटन afeowa cate कात्नौ। ats cates afany gra Ben Sf मा षरटश YE oR CSM THA |

we etal नविनव्र Vol “ITA OTH

वाग eq fray ab) ८४निष्रं coara | geaca श्त्रि eb ace Saat Naty Seca cates (कटन यांनमांग्रा | Stfan ea ab) uta अंश्‌] ट्त

ao] Sify नरिनव (क) रि Bere | caien atfe-ata size crinfy क] PR Bsa लयिनद्र ais गानम।४ | mace (कथन्‌ वांन। caneta sf nfece afsa ye कट्‌ वाम कत | cau शत्रि afawy atcy 4कठन féfen aea-ys sca ata ata | मानांगेम tate गवादे-(लांय्‌ cafe निग्र] खांटेन मा etal Seg | nice caca (मवि Bieri ठेगकिनं etsy geen (कांनुंकुनि aoe Sars | छामा] cttoca मष्ट निक 9८१ care OS BA HAAS इन्द्र CFA FCF | wiatstey aca वति गदेन ांगटन यंटवनिना निक शरत हव्रसिङ-मटन |

` यहद fecal] ace afer खमन

FA CHS (य) ५] Bical Cac भूर्वजन गभिनत्र-(न नत्र (वष्न। खाट्तांरिग्रा

भे) ङ्गिवाटल छां safae ea | लयिन (कोष्टक मव छेजौनि aca दिषाट्न ofan शिवि gests Xz | यटम ओंम MACH ANTs मनम-यैमांटभ नाम Gratca शक्र भूकििनि अट्माटष्‌ | ata] acs खरि कटब्र casa शमदो sta ठेद्रिन यौमि cra fares | qafe (वषग) ata efaa थैन॑खि

खव mierg STs यछ ails ऋणि खद (गमाम छिन छना (मव) कद्वि (छांमात्र मालक चर्व काटि न) गामबि। यांगात्र विवार arat cotata Facey कं। नाटेद्ड यादेश coral ray Wace | यरि feawtat athe tice सह्य fasi-ca4 विष्व क्न catca cre | ofan eee wal caeata डि fFaasai खानि खख frei Atasthe | ag कत्रि मनम। वनिनां ye oie frfreai creer भैष विषटिड कटनी नौग नै CUS face विषिद्धं axa कनौ fafacs frente शद्धिव थन | AMT दी -एव्र्‌-मटवरां ज~म (नाट. शिखि दिथफाम पि ङक्रक्रटणे HTS

= भेग्रोत्र

wire trices टव fafa Frac atheta “te Pree farce sitar | मदि gaa यांव्र fie cae कृनत face wie ante aes)

art गोन a

wae paw face face atonta भेष वौ acer Crem विमान ae ota नि?¶ Gaza विडंग | wie (शटल (छत्र कारवी हेव facta | शकक गिक coca कंकमांम (छक ay ofa qaca rata श्रि ita (९श्‌-गोग वर्म He गिरिन.- acre) ` Cotata थमाटष गांड Fics cata Sat वाग ttc भैक Pace Dara ATA cqsata acy afer दिवश्त्रौ Brats शिविद्र @e श्रव वांग्रन | (वहन Biya (भटना यो गनां श्नि | matey feta face शषाटनाग्‌ कामि श्र FA BCI AICS ANIA mya तक SVG TAT | ato ad यारि face रतिव-यडव्‌ | cayeta fafa eft मुब्रषन वृं यन्मतं feral कतरिन्‌ वत्र मानिक वदै fare awa tear | शो-यांफ त्र कदिवाटव्र cI SAA | (गान sitcan onl fafa wrae Ses Hea cic अखि Safire निविन कतनत एएरे shee | विदिश staan वाटभ ara gatas गिथिन ecw cob शूष गरछत्रान। AAA BATA VACA थेन Bletca atfaatay निरि जानषांक। एवि ८नषिङ इद्निटव teat | (वाटर कनौ firey विवर्त निक शर्म शो-चांांत्र कट्वर कृष्ट कनौ श्रि शरेण Carat areas मयिनाव्र (रिग) AEM MSH COT | गनभांत्र थि wea ay Vari खनटन्‌ (माहि Beal वटन BEA faate (वशिष्ठ मारा सांमिट्व यानैनि। दिक विशम्‌ वटन यनमा-एव्रम्‌ | ‰@ जिने

SEAN बटन ST anfearg शटन षत Hata Katz गांखांशिर।

खगा Tey Oeste, ऊना नाहि ATA OT" Sls acy efor Faure |

afranifs acta a fafa fates CHT शो हंग ATTA

sf arn टेकन्‌ क्र eae यात्रारिरु Cee (रन-क्रशं वव्र FCAT aca विदि आंरेग्रभेण

(वश) aA (कंन aa mPa (डन acy fafy कठिन श्न |

He

अनमांरिक्कब्नः

Os BA Stra गटन - एरिति) नथा शोटन cea वत्र न) fafa catca

भांभटत्र कामन कदि च्यांत्रादिव earn at SMB NE «Sas |

eta area Stet Era छादि TATe-ge नि्ेक]टन्‌ Fra) seq ८कनि

वाभि (रन्‌-क्रग Se विकाटश कुक्र दे BF थांदेन छन कछनमौ |

aq ater गरम गखिजिर) acd मखि ® वौ ऊाटवन Bey

mace निथेन टना (मरे नवर Ata wea sifacey fofeaca किवां ea

ata ara गणि नो जर्‌ Sica (भींम त्िटर न) ATA apices

(वरना (थन्‌ BF Ae CONGR खार्‌ AT (कथि मुरिकन |

यकर Sifan wes Axes crftal ss sates (्योदटन्त (नाटक भन aaa fora cea वत्‌ ai गिनिन

HRS नि CAPT |

STS तांन] Waesi (मर्‌ -आव्व-गन-कण्‌ haat arrest गोज eta

AMSA RAST CHE BS कवाट fee रिज त॒म tan

= 9

कामणं ब्रातं

bibs एकत्र कवि yas BITS TTSIA मागा

Da fafracs Cae (?) कटद् CHT गगौ ८वांनकन्‌। |

alest नद) ष्णि खांटन भिन्त यओ्टन SITS एन्बटनन्र डि Qe ठ}ट्य दभि cary ats py cafe acstiay are BAS वनि ato =peye Fay SIACH THN छान cafes सांरेग्रनटमं CASA जां BT, AMATATE CTS जान क] गशष पिनि ergy शनि ष्जटनं GaQoy = fet AWA SIM aE] यवम्‌ cacy rife wife cwfa | ata Ferg ल!टश्न Bisa PLA AS AAT र्थ Woy गन eH STB Aya afaca Stra | ex ay ओवा | मनिगन्र (नीड) | AS CH APE Bia कटम्‌ CHIT Axa faratcn बूनि-यन cate Bz | मृनांन ates fafa gare BEY CYA StF ` विष्व वारौ AQT STAN afstae corre ota} न्को कटि गाट्व “GTR HITS qeta rere नट्‌ af fate नाखि वमांरेन रुषि शतरि भत्रसांनटन्क्‌ | दमदमा काष्रनाद्नै af aca fa Bram गानटमत्‌ | यत्र fewest ` नच्र-कंटन्क BEG

~“ ` न्गटत़ STRATE |

385

SQ aanifaea Be TS) Rw ACS Hines Hay-fah, sifa fers “ce fares act Sa Sia

faate (गट्थ waface |

वि।-एहटि ace cpl fica Beco mere cafe wary |

CUTE मर्द-खअटण एनिन खां विन्रषटिन विषम

°

नथांरे feast यणि cefaal थमा etatara ca ACS कन्टस्र निनांन्‌ | ८कांटन ofa हणमु निचि ota fray (रन कष्ट नाज्ज Ste | मछ] Secs Stew satel छेमिवाटव्र नीत eistata गस्‌ क्वि Bd wets | बटेगनुगं (नाटक wea विट्डांट्न aufe थमाम cif om ea cates | Bafa मनक] cava sfaa facats faate ai fra aca sae ओटवाश्‌। खार] न] ofan oa कर्म Cae कनि caace छोटक नि मनका <tatf | कि मैत्रं काट core कि रशन अंगांत (शग azetenra कानि कवर विमश्चाष्‌। maar CoM cara कानि नौँनैमखि र्भ कव्रिटड cata ABA मरि कृटरुक Mesa Cats मश्वाटबर ata ety a1 जांरेव (टम Sea (कगोश्त्रि | ma (काटन sia aren काज) fran WTS काकि Wey न्‌.नषन | गथारे-विभग (कयि gua जवि काकि onate fas व्रा्शरूटत्रोिख |

ates cw feral erg कांटनः भवींबिक मर्वटेगक्न Siem ata कांट्न कृत्रिद्क | काक्र यिय Ace BIA क्र BH} AT MVat काटनं area fanfa | ट्र (दर्ज Val Qra छादि Bas मदट्ट्द fag दिन aifray | SETA MTF] HS अनशन wea न। याभि याथि गनजां fez | aca कवि नेग atal few काकी मर्ष्ट मटन Fe एनिन west | वांशिव्रि ante छव्‌] गना Sota maar (वश्‌। CHT CHE शान | ojfen afar ahs विरिष eteica FSIS CEM व्राम्‌। काटन Sows | frenmty aca मनभा-छव्र

मिक Sears Atel Vee RIA

1.

BSA ब्रा

देष्छत्रटद काटम Ata यांि-णन BWA कामि sam coca कनकनिथट्वर | caer ववण भरौ शष्िव्र| fee Sern-cateca यांन) वटम्‌ ore शटि |

fe scm कि aca catca Fem facta frets (नां क-मूटर yey यनैमांन | BACT GACH CTA Sls wire (मरि carat विटम aa cra we नारि खाति किव। cra ofeala Coy ofan ट्रक fads ay cn Ven ral भग्र | शङि-शद्धौ छिन ory offer विसष्व्रौ (छांयांव aatce Aq atte al atafa y

Sata cece ata यांनिटन एश as cre caica शिखि eaten | fag तामौ cica as निक्त (कमि aiateal cre Ay See Stale | ace ica उनि fecal व्रमान storia aaa cofes wife (ङग) दव्र॑दद्रि faw factata ace Staal कयल्‌। crate faa wal कब्विर्‌ cea

Saat त्रम

seul ठेथमडि

gata fers काणि

cafes (कौ शश्र को

afaal Sta etre

किलि मूत ATS

Mater fra (छंद offs |

मनभ। FHVCA

Ag शून

faTaa (वनान्‌ VITA

खांकटभन FASTA

faats cafaacz

ates (छामा estes |

fast Stat cura नाशिक fra ara staf Sze पन्ने

FACS cua-atfa एनिन सन्तौ गनित्र खादेन गैवशंरि |

ulfeal far Sts afen जवं WS efaal मोटर रद्रि

satan निवातिन TFS) नैषं धकर

(वन निटगन fas |

दभन SSCs ATI यखाख्ट्व् (नषश्टटन यगन वु-बूष mate corto faata Farry

afta aca TH VA |

रै

338 अनमांरिक्षम्

AACA TY

faate cafacs

TH श्‌] BAITS

CART] शग्खटन नथारे-खटकछं fern मर्दीटकं SSH cota fas |

शरूनशथरून नौव रिठ्नक ASA ए४खछरिन्न-रिनागन

afsen afaeaca CAB (भैम ATA विथैमाभ fap

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arty FS ACA cuca SYA Stata | ceface विथोग रदेन निनि चवटैस (वकनो व्र वामर चांडेना शशैट्वनै | (दलनीत॒ यलि (क खां कांगेवांनी acy षटव्ि ait गाओदेष् (डोगांतव्र Setca | यां शनि areata नौ ¶-विनश्च stat निग्न! casa ate Caen विटगौफएन | रकि af (वरना viata Swarm fauton afewa विक्रम 37

28 farm

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CATH ACH एटने। FHA

aint गाल $aq

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ata ateal ध्वनि

अङि gatas छनि

सांव AGT SH BAA |

ांमि Terats-AVS

FAY CHANTS

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Bp faa मटश्व्‌

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भनमांविक्म्

- विभौ

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alt afer

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54 Rats

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अनम रिङ्खप्

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ae (नांगे Yea AACA थी

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कालि नाभिनी otfe वामि ag af otters atthe ca faery cotca कष नरिनत्‌ एनम्‌ teeta et te | qare cotaica Sey वणे थमाम age देशि ota (नांशंव यजां |

नक्र लक याष SY wa शश्व

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safe मृगङि afs Bay ना tea यूक्छि wesica निटन ora वानि

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२०२

मनमांविक्षन्न

qa दरम (थि खिन (नाक कत्रि भाक्त wihics Binal sta tte

वांगगभैश्नि yr हश्निटगक (कन कांटन वाथ) नोर Sq sates |

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गनमां मारिन्‌ वाप (श्व्रश्रेन HAT aface न) नात्र Frasca

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ङं विथैकांम ace efera भ्रंग wee वटण Fag (वर्म) श्षिनौ

लानं भोम < (को त्रा

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नादे दटनन वांगी पशनिटनक कान्‌ कती विसि टम HH “SICA

कांजब्र विटबुव्र sity ष्टे focal aera cufece ai न) [दे] खननौट्व्र

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२०७

2°8

FATT FACT SCS] AWTS CFR Spe Bey icq Sz न। fey | aegs Con faq ofa te Fai arcataica be frail रत्रिं fasts) | (ङ्न ठग cata शदेन SAT कर्बट्णेट्व विखां वराटक टेयन याननाद्य। (नाटकं कट्द fawratca area Steta (शन BHT या (कटन SITS खादर ce ofan नरन cata ay कनोनिषि mate fofaa cafe कि लिथिन्‌। fafa | विकनं (वष्टग Bit BSai Carat qantas tit foe Feats

wo

[टन SICH CARA CTS Sealy faust ग्य ofha feasts |

aft खारि qacice ate छिगांन्गेखि मर्न-ङ शट TH Caanta शखि | AA-caifa HA शाटक गनमा-मत्टन sfenty वांछ 8 “tcxga faatea | CABH-HHCA मव्‌ GEA ACY aries cay ace कनिन्‌ निग्छग्र | शरूवटमादक (काटन BAH BBCI यानग छट्छक्‌ tery रत्रि विव nse |

मटन मगोंज Sif cca rate कांड (वन ay (कांटनट्ड कब्रिभ्न | cata याष््टम्र cre gaifa थश Gace atare cata श्वषैव्राषिकाद्रौ। मनक] ofr Sta ८वह्ना-कमन

SCA SAT BH एम कि बन | निन्छत्र Hae mea दटेन यमात गनमांकृय) ग्र [८काट्ग] coven विभां |

अनमोविक्ष्‌ मनका दटनन शम॑ पमं] Maras cron वधू stew कनि यार्न गीशखि म्ट्व ACA alsa afeva fosa (वक्ष्लां व्र ८कांटन as (कटय Alay | cuca कृष्व निप्र ममक AACA Spurs sam गब्रिव शरूदटनोटक | खां नैनाव॒ CHacatea Cray नखिन्तद्र ary seq ale meaty ङ्ब | Stina Sata arsa जनक] (भषएटट्त् aAtics faesa afae नथिनटव्र। र्‌] कावर stew atm Scare gloat Bicw ated छेनिग्रा HBA (नेग TAT | मनक) faa राट्थं @ta Mea Aca aca कव्रिन्‌ frat caters afeaca | कटने Stem {aa cafaa थमप foe विथकाम aca गनमा-थ॑मांषए

«8 fata

हा) काव्र मनक] AUS Sia (क।टन वृषन्‌ वपन Tray जवन (नङटन | नामिढकांत्र खट छाव atfe ota ats निन्छम्र वनात कानि रदेन काग |

fou (त्र टगत्र Aa core मटका र्न “fsa watery रत्रिभ्रौ (एन |

BS गधिनाव्र crtaty शवलि शूनियाोत्र vee [fa] काट्त्र fix एानि MATA यवन (छात्र वमन्‌ यनं निद्रश्ट्छ। Bra (7) (कन gata कयन्‌ | cB caica -कनिन ata 4 crrantacy SSS श्रूटलन्र Cats Hea “aI |

Ss Gy गक्रिन्मन कड निख। 1७8 (डांगाव्र जननौ SF छेखव्र न। (१७ | of “ay छव वतन (खां गोद दरःभिनौट्वर मा aaa Stes) 4क्वाव | ae खांगरिनौ वामि « महौगश्ट्न शद्ध] भवि atts ary भिव wea | afigcs ॐंटवनिव cotatca atfeta cota शैव tical यामि ayaa तिरं | निम्र यब्रिव खमि sca fran काछि tan रुक्म) atts coatfaa Pats | aiface कोनिट्छ ब्रामौ हटेन बूर मनमागक्षन विथामं विब्रषटिङ

20

at fan set Sica Siem नदुभैखि श्रूं a दलि] मश्चटम ATG क्रिछि | शाश CHR मूक छि Gorm gee विरि cata निषिन क्नाटन | (त वभत face cata मर्‌।खछान गोगना यात्रं otfe कानि] qe faa | wears ahem brew काटनेन दिवां भस नांगे Bem cata कानिद्र Pater | Ba a cam cata fea-en earl

मर्व yee रिमब्रष नथ टे (षिभ्र। |

(दन क्न -8१ शख गेन शतिभ

craca afeq याब कोत्र मूध YI | Neca afag othe afeora (नाटक Bata शाखुटक कानि aifes नब्रह्क | afoul corte नटष Mee (नरोटम र्ट Fenty नेग्रा-एव्रगक्यटन्‌

Sy एं cay ye Baa (नोषएन BCS) HC (न नं AG (रुजन ST

aint नील २०८

Fecacgy cateta वन्न fay eer aqalg थौ (काशां (मनां भेये | लटक HSA CHR नशर afew शिष्टि कित्र att mea (कंनग्र्र। ata wy fecal कानि खार) cam (भन ace पिवटम कनि afacora Bea ie मनक} CON Biro किना शम वङपटन afoca कानिटव्र नाकि wa कुभि मनक ब्राग) हिट्तत्र AST scarfs erg त्रौ) wife afar | afe Sf Yet Seay AM Batal CHa Yq afycas acs YArls | Seq BIT मृग अटवा कटदर Gly ate (कटे स्विख्वा इूक्िप्नं (म ST | उट (वल fag दटन गर्व aifag मक्न्‌ cota मरम्‌ एदि | मृगखि eval fx eas चड्छोन

AACA CHAS ATH AGT BAA |

Ta डमर! (पवो ब्र ACH Ate FTA मर्वनोग श्न छव कि कव्विट्छ ical | ममम निकषा इनि टये इभं वाखा यां गोवर tea Sra कट्वर FR कौषी | req Stata याया ae SATE want cateca ical ae नखि AeA | sfara मनमा। यिं कट्वर afoaty Hasan age आं भिव yaats cotata कूटकं यनि caer शश्रादजो खथाप्र शूखिव नैषं sisal SFT | खव्रिद। भसूतां Be वषि ध्य" cates wants निन ata al fae ace |

शुषि ठ्‌] मनभा-श॑त SHS WSF oats श्रू Neca wa |

९०७ मनम्‌ विक्षप्

afe वा मनगा-नष निन qanfe विश्वं माव wre कव्रिन भेन Oe (नाटक द्रः (नाक CATA ATH AS HB (नड) firm Brel Caer यांष्षन | efari कविप वाख] रैन Wace भषठिम्ा गांव Sta नेन जन यावे atatata खानि ates; face states | अवान्‌ FEB Wal एात्रि गिण AICS | छनि यांनाकोव stay नारि कट्वर (श्न गांव VACA मातं कनककनम apa कत्रि कां ater ayaa | विष गनमा-(पवौ वदन दिथैषौम॥ wo SHA

गोस्‌ fatty टेन मोनाकाद्षएनि (रीन (वद्म। मनक] aS ITA

coral cats fata HAA ACH यन श्ल] न] fae यविट्॑ट्य |

कटकद्र ten वानि यणि यकीन जानि कवु) aca मड। अखि

यहिं cata ae ट्ज्टन A माग पौ ङ्न ay aaa य!जिव कृमटन्‌ |

frata देविय] शन atfacas faoata BBs मां विषयान

दति थौगेन१ SIT] (जोव) फन HFA VC निकर्भन (नाक शद्रमटन।

asaife क्वि fete अगे कडि afe मकाल afer विकिर

(एशि stom नवर ara Ras als मविनस्र (वना Fata |

wa ay ace श्र छात्र थन्‌ sha atts aq नानि (डांगांग्र

ara wit खट्व डयि SATS 7S ata} (रन CHA CRCATS CHUANG |

aay Stcrta cate कषप खोरिग्र ACH ea ate करि विष्ट्मान

मजा वौ नाट्य Fall] wel "छ्विड। wl] Sta SU Ba यवशान।

ary गल

atat खातर (तवांनन ACS मयां मंन गातं (तना एव्र (मै (कान Bele नात्र sacs द्रांखा्र HS aca वै।धिन विटमटय | cola वनि am श्रि gritea वत्र वत्रि काषटटिनिक Sigel ममांटन yore (कांटन कत्रि acta विनां ofa Bae Stee canes | गांनभिक्‌ sfewicy मशगांभ्रं alsey Seq जडो-ण छि Harea fares qs गणि शम) मर शंम खांनन्मण्ि शरष्णे-क्ि रेन AT BIT | a) seni मृड fs खौ मररेन मानौ याद्‌ CHCA बाख) HATH away afaa दःखं IMI श्टेन ACS CH HTS BEM CHE CVG alaeal मृड face ated coca He ates छन NS BAS cotatea eats थि) oe यरि याभि HST Be Os meal यामिव crete | मृणखि वापि ददेम्र | RTS cate नदे यानिन was गथिन्नटदव् चराम SMeM atey cates मान खनङ।टव्र (गीरा गांव छिर्टवर | BAAR HA-LITH cara feats हनं sry ७) ट्त [ewe (मरि enegse छवि खं विशाम कवि श्र] CATS खड्िटकब्र BWA

-<४~ जनकाटद्र शगनेयद्धि यक (नारे शानमि (८थैगजांटद cater कत्रि लिन श्रि | हन्न [ty TACT ata aca निशं Hote वानी (वदभ TAT

अभिघ्रा गनि (छन भर्व Ce | Hes थेव मध्व RS (गानि |

२०४

शर्व निन्म दकष oH crafewsice

क्रि acre wows को त्रः" |

sta ates इव्िष ce fra वक्कथनं cofes fasi-atca शि qu afeete | sere छाट्वट cata कत्रि कनां यविष्व्रदड ate (खन vig! faaqta | HM यांनि (अन SS AA भन

Sra शरनद्रनि छव (तथिव oad |

एनिन मग! ale यद्वां afan AA-CUNTH SIA ALS ATS (शीतर | षटव acest cae शैष (कांट्न aia धिक faania aca वन्नि विवष््व्रि

Ve

गांखंव Satan ety safes aca SABA ALM ATF] ATS कृटन | He YASS SCT Goorga fea यातरि मनक] CITS MNS She Az |

wana

` Stetca छांकिव ota ce पिटव मश्रखि ata 3a एोहिभ्न afea भिव athe | निषेव oats att Oa cats HATH SAT FACS cata YS WA | Fecaca atez aca कि cafes faa भिव (सातरिनौ cacet camttafa Seat | मवीट्लव्र खनकोव्र (निव stioai न्न क] नन गधा अैदटवनिव जिर | SSI MBSA (नाक खां कुम विटभटष ats नाहि aq core ब्रमगी-शूक्रटव | cofe मव शरशकर्म गौरेव एोग् ray afar care काटन्‌ छेषा | एनिन cael मांखटव छांभि era खां क्न दकृटन cons कांन्ति्र race | शाका sca ace टे!एषि मिश्वीम TACTICS Siew ACS ye fray वाम | cae तरो fu sara शवा मनमां विकरे Ns atta वियम्‌

ॐ०

fart

ateca छांभिन्रा ata = atm नांखि aria कां क-क्रटश॑ Aaa याखंटस

apa काटक्त्र श्वनि खि गनि छनि कन॒-(खांटछ कब्वि्र खट्‌ |

काक काक Wogan एकि are (वर्लांम् काकौ TACT STH (कनि

Creal कांटकटव्र क्र HYH (श लोटत व्राम्र ary cam दिवांङर्सोमिनौ।

Car fy AAA VW नि) माद मानैव वनौ Vaal जननौ

नाटव्‌ Gat Fei मनव) छेटकटन Bet] छांमिग्र एनिनग चकांकिनौ।

are aq छेदनि

aie गौनं रे ०2

foy गृहे कानि

कश] यि २.धटष fasa (गाएन (मनिट्ड नावि वाम म्रा वटकश्चदो BIA (ङ्‌ यरे (कवन |

य़ रे Wa न्न्‌] बुट्‌ Sate (वन wea

Fitveca faay कसि

qq corata ferme नाशिक way

fam विथैतंम दम +म्‌ 4

1.

“ata

ate वटन wa वनि (वृषला व्रमनौ ८कगटङ Satay cota छनकखननोौ | Bea cranny निन ब्ररन-यकत्रि fafa aa ete ara Eel कवि। efaca gina) atte Hate Ve यक्कूति ferme Ste BCR AT SA | क्लां व्र कथ्‌} छनि Hive Male गरखा बश्ट्न॑'टक्‌ FAH ककन | टवं समिद ata aaa छवि

याभाव ay ea यामिन छोकिश्रा। (क

कि खातर face कग एनृङ्‌ Cesta (वरून? fea afe sey tera | Gate afer मधा नथिनतु asa (ॐ ete Are हिन ayia गात्रा छननौवत ag cafe ननि sofas

छक्र WHY GIA SEM ठेगनौ | (शिन्‌ stay seca जांभिग्र। मनिटन्‌ Casal (वर्ना वनि खक fran वटन। ofan cage खमि ate निकटे Slats ST SS CHA नौर | wlz-sfafh ata रेन पतनेन

का] रिस) cael 303 Qe निटवक्न | किख विथैषौम aca छांवि शग्राटवौ SAT TATA (खन ST शेष (मवि |

२१

So; fast

fe og sfea att =| acd acd यछांतिनौ BA Say (नामां

विधिर faa fice (महे याद मात्र Cem देषा afe marta ना |

९०१०

मनमांविक्स्

दृट्वा Sem शे्रिशत्र «७ TT QS व्याव SASS WT एव

at care वि) शशेन शूनज्ञशिं न) (मथिन ae far मनां टे निशैन |

(श्न (गोव शर्मश्डि विांब्राटय ca नैखि शर्व ज्यं कट्वर शग

sat seq नख भर््वव्र निक्ष StS oe (म शषटस्र भद्रि |

मृ शेख qeal छौट्व। छथ Ta MITA यानन खौम्ंरेटव] facica

नारि ate विवश्त्रि ओङ््‌ छौग्राटेट्ड नाद्रि atts पिद मनम्‌] ठङ्िटश |

गणि कविम्‌ खा wala नारि ota वन Fall) Ace Sats

atey satan catca वटन दिखं विकाम cael acaty दिव्रषटिड

ॐ) सखिशंौ

Certfa-aya चन्‌ WITS AB) HVA afin छात्र aq

गक्टकब्र वृरिरांग नवान्‌ कृगनौन CHS cata कनक-कननो |

Baste खांटष्ट cata क्ट ७८५ Faotes मर्व AH Bales

agra frases णाम लौजौ विष्ठा रि ays Satins | efoay yr भागि faorefe wary

fae ga facafe cotatca मृष्ट “fs cote कब्रि छांभिग्रां मांखटस त्रि गि (कटन were यां नांटव्

षाण नीना २५५

~ एन्णेक-नश्रगर षन हाट नांदम मृगैदत्र *

नथि्नत॒ छाश] कुमोद्‌

विशित्र कव्रम-रुटन (महे शमौ cates fara Sagan शट मृशेत्‌ |

वक्रि नारि रदत व्रात नारि ace यनमा favies यषिक-जननौं

mae faare-fafy (नाशोत्र wfaca दमि पश्निट्नक्‌ कानि atfaray |

मृनैखिव्र ya खड (नाटक cafe मखा वड nfs खांनट्व्र रिम्

नि (यात्र aRals wifa ईट] aanfs areca face छामादेश्रा।

मृड AG (कांट्ग Coa Tieca खारि faa मेनि८न aface आक्र

cecal ated aca क्रि Cam जोट्वां (पवश Satya थ) टृष्टन विस्र |

शूर्द-णारिचयद नारो यानाम crag अनिक्रख र्न्‌ (यात्र ATS

यांमि र्दे Gai वानि ACOA HATA wlaqew इटेन CHATS |

ag शहैटङ विशति घर्मारेग्‌। गरशूमी ag (य्‌ व्र sfaen fara

ag Bats ayaica «ICN (मरे (कवर gata tem विशाम

Satay छावर FS WT दन

88 ~ मशक BCH मनो Mate गाङ्ग | खट्व धनां He ACA SATAY क्रि माखंस cian) किखामटम्न मटन wera ae वामि मव afestal | afastca are cea छानिद्‌ कांवर 1. aetan feast Cay न। कद्व carte उटद (दष्टा दग Bo gr भागि ate निण।काट्वी यामि ety etcaye | Catal जनक ace afew ननौ | aaa aaa Sel एनिन faeces Bicwl atecaa वशु afearg भणि

माणे (किन (तष AWA वइ | मनां वाठ ote cam दिजां्राखि |

२५९

नकट जामिर यामि पटे कन माध यटकश्ती नांत्रौ यामि व्र्टऽ कि कल्क | sca afson fret caanta शदे ofa & ata al atats ethics Raye | MEI AAATA FIZ ATA afeng सांगा an sista गांगन। टद CASA वटन्‌ AIF FE

ney ofa मनभ्‌। खानिन देक ate वृरभिप्राटष्ट वद्‌ णौग्रोडेव YARIS ट्व रु छोशात्र शख Shas 51a | atcatfial cote वानि एनिन व्रि (वदन) GANA ERA SANS | निष्ट गां शिष्टे ge Era थदन्‌ GR! CaaS Sts मौन HFA | Hoya ₹। दि (न isla नपौखोप् (रिटनक माणव छामिबरा ater ANCE नान! ay cafe वष APY ACBICA

we धन AER Bel विवि Vaca | माभस मिभ] यांरेटम WA Gey area डिरुटव cHA अटवा ALATA | SCAG ATAY ACA (वर्ना Wai qe afte meal ate यामि अटकतरौ | (कन a aathe ata cota किव गात्र SSB क्च CHICA AHA AST | STS AF वन याम) BEA HAIMA यांटेमर सात्र Vs कब्विव aaa | (दशना AAA OA यदृ COTA

ofa © ata ay fey afer arate | atfadt cana मौ sata दनि Stata afas यामि मी नैस््विङ)) Hie fers AA ST ETT NAT किटमटव्र यायावर GCA FAR HSA |

[4

अनमादिर्म

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युटि coty Sta दिशि aa fafa यागा Sie a recy ay Fafa atta sani wa fey coraica छनिग्रा caer AST «tm पिनि tea | ांखर वसि fea हानि यानि कूट्ग ८वर्लात नटनं ctw नां वांटगट्ड OTH atfeal stfeai cow ofa वाट atca यक्‌ ate क्रप्रा कान Gs WH CRIB-caIB cote ace pris यमान CARS RUE Sire कक] मयान | Se meal cote) काटन Sxpaty BBY EA CCF CICS छन ANF Oats (वदन aie तप्र waa AMT Caan नंन Seq विटमाषएटन (शमं यारि छर cays 7a Cem EA een GS cqgrica waa arpa | भिं्िनौ न॑कूनि नक SICH BIA ATs CAAA ATHY वां 4 fry (टक | JS ARTS TI GS नेक गो

ATA roaifval Stal atery zeta | TS नद्र-शेक AVA) वटन्‌ TIT saty भिषिडि ate afar weEta | cre fara sca Efe ge arf

a कब्र tate न] वनरं (ङ्न MND | mera रिव (छांग रेवां काटग We टन Blairs Shee वाका टन्‌ | गर यदुष यात्र A] APS म्मद्र eles (दन STAT BIT | CTE TSF कटर एःधिरु Bey acate गांटन नक्र STH WATT | WF Fa Alea aia शार्‌ोकात्रकब्रि aca कत्रि नदेन Sle ब्रमान Sth |

aly atten

` होड ay ara afnae ag यान

rita शानिग्न ठेबटन शाहेऽ cay ata मनम्‌] fofea ata aca free tif AISA BSR ASA HATS) | HICAS xfaat शर VE शक्र CHM SINS याकोगवषटटन HA दटन | afar (वहन) द} ग] Bier नि्भेकटखध यांखंस (किन श्र नीक्‌ ट्नब्र वटव नश्वरी -षव्रनमल्व्राेययु (नात

faa दिशम रयि Brac cates

8

Beata ofaa aig विनतो wire Faapay samy शरष्छ (कात्र ABTS |

ge ef sfaal यानन-पृषटि एांग्

tats उ! जिटर matey कमटनव्र TT | atime clam Atal Stfqay (तागा याणि aig ट्र cata atlas नां खनित्र वा1प्वव्र Gis Aly Safes

WGI CHICA FTF मौ रदेन gia | गनमा-कूनां तौ मटन -afayl मघन

OF CE WR गाङ} SAB ब्रम | aire (वकण गृ fe meal CHITA arty aie sia शषा acd FORT otis atts (वर्ना हात्रात्र eticeaa खांमांब्र Hae a cotata Sg | कांनििष्रा cage साम्‌] TAAL (मांश SSNS शक्रा वौ TS SINT | afanl वाव शष. (फनिन्‌ SBCA CHT CaM] GY नो seb विथैकाटम

258

wat fawa

‘ais SY

SBN वादेन) वानो खन्न at fee anal ag 78 are fae sice

cae मशि aN ANAS BISA याखय cape त्क] Bat |

fafifufy उन वामौ कनमौ य!खट्स खनि ए1†नट्कव TH MATA

GS gufera wfe faqafe geafs wate eS atatcacsy |

ननगोंट्के Seen (कठि कांक् cS) CUTAN ANTICS SAMS कट्वर:

farsi aR खनं कट्त्र Sata BUT ATA निभि gece Qe-fafe ca |

pun fer vicar fash catcea etic जर्वदन SCA गरू] (नांटड

(ङ्नकांटन cCwacyiest गांकस्‌ खांजिग्रा attest नशर टनघ्ड जवि (यन CUTS |

वुरुनिञ्1-नट. facaa fara काटन वङ्शन Aca gy शः

ayaa ofa Hes (नीक aicatfeat wee CABAlA गांखंस Fares |

ATAT-BMlSAY FD) ACH न्‌॑ वृष्टौ xy! Coley खानन्म्र नटनं गन

SVSilA ASM वन ASH] STS (काथ yey कद} Bata PIs |

cae जश्चम रख जर्द खक (व्रांमांकिण्ड SIT HAY AIH

कि afaz कि वनिन Hex इ्ब्रिग मव नंण्ा-नेगं SCR RNA |

gern fas a (भवि RAS cafe जि ele Bry carwa-anca

खमि कुनवद्डौ ee यृखुच्ांमौ ACW) जारे (कथिन्रा were fe stare |

ars गोन

वषम GOSS SCS ंटवा्ध न] ATA Stew BUD Som (क्क श्व

कट करल छर CBee Males BIA gufan विसये 993 | | ग्नि cai efa- catefan fFaasfa

fafas afew fe sft वन ots afs =o at faa cs] MATA) ay SA Bisa ~Alasifw

AAA WAR qufan sea Ae गाज cofen awiyCA Aq] at Sa टेकन CASA CBSA MITE

fate निशि ata कृद्कङ्टन्‌। "थर! डेन] नान। |e Acar (षोभूटय fasta afaay stra टन stfafaca a Aza cata नैषं fray atc HAM-A BCAA WA |

atfan यनमाटणनौ Wat खष्मन Sth नट्ट चलिन] aefaata

(्ोभूट्थ (वर्ना त्रश] Ae नषे ना TE AT ददर site cata विश्मान |

Bay (थां वां नि-८वट्न्ग Seta (वरन टज भूतव afy afs इूमिष्छटग

CTSA गन STH वश Fits Pour oq aratSal Wa wre | cafe “Te caaatay धटिन्‌ crsta शाम

कटर पएुश्थे airy कन्न

खमि ष्णणिन्यदर नाजौ नणु!-ग॑ण्‌ (मवा कवि लनणेष्टा -नि विष्टे गन |

खिनाम्‌ (मवभुत खांनिटनन्‌ विसङ्बि सद्टद् परनन वित्र} खि

शूट्व मखा टेकल व्याप्त जखौग्रारेव प्थण्टनशरटवर ata शंखं] अपो दिव किङ |

२५१७

yore गषश्र] खांभि

मनमांविंम्र

मनम Chao खमि

हे (ख) (भूष MATT"

८क)न शेयं fea) Sta

cateta ममम ate

Sir cares दन्‌ Shy | (नट! aca etfeara arfe cota (53) ara Siew ates! cata यष्ूमांटद

एनिन हद्विस्‌-छांटव

BITA (खन शर्मन्‌

SR CHT AY गाँव |

wey खौवन (ST

CATS-HRAG ACY

CHAYTY COM Brahe

Baca wary (मवि

Stfaay antes}

fas विथ्ांम faafes

3“

ala

यन भिदूत्र-शत्रि यि aay धाय aay atfe efa ष्‌] cHcaa दिम | oa mama atte कमि afeatca याटष्टन SAD) Sia AAT CHNTA | catere ननम cart fata ates वद्र Ion cofMAice SY) Hae FHF | (काऽ GFal गान AYA VACA tte शशौव्र क्रीड oft मध्नांशद्व्र। विष्ठांश्व्र Brea यांश कृषन्‌ श्रि मृखाञि Sy woe VCC | BRITA BTA FHSS SUES fay BA मृदा |e Cats CA SABC | (कांग waar खट faraafy funfe aqu-atal aca कनानिषि | aceratn SF SA ATH cata Bier CUS IST SH ACS SLA] AMAA |

नान शक्त sage सननि ofA गवन खात क्तरि ates कड कनी | नानां acef ने Cary बृं नान] etfs सर्भथिक्रा-मग tea tay PAKS | निचैटव्रब scr ety fafba निर्य Sata निवटम Ga) (कद शेक्मनन | (मवं मटक ace fancny ary Corsica cael (य भिनिन। Saty | नान TE यन्त्र गांण्ट्यं ates utara नन्व vfs नृटाकि कोषिनि। (पद-कष्] AKT (नैन (वग) ATA क्रशे-८वटणं (माहिर खमद्र सब्र gfe | शर्व wares हिल गांड Fors

भर्व Coy Com खबटव्रव्र (एग | यांनैनि गृषछ atce Ns ace ace

QS PCM JS) STA GASH | carte ब्रहि ara sara Renta Has एम-विष्टटक TTA BRANT | faa fretrtn ace वनिं विषृहद्रि काट्मट्र fos wea acm लिशूत्रात्रि

४८

atest गनी ८“ भोरि।

दशन वृ वौ मी नृखाडि atafa ofa (षि serfs qq (खटनं

atacra ath act श्निटनक्‌ शकम नटन asa षट} ण़ weirs fey वट |

छन JSS] SD AAT JAS) YT! ofS catcs जो cal FAS)

fea cota afeafs वमर्‌ खांगात्र यङि aq fra यांनि नड$नंडि।

गहट्न कांवर BA ८वष्नांटत्र ATA छन (नुं युव STIS} fafa Sf गैरर Wi एक्‌ भूव (नव

मेव Stars व्रम-नखि |

खयि (र्न मटन afe eeu cata नाकौ खशान्‌ कृत्रि नान ब्रहम

कट्‌] (न) FAST जणो Maca corata शैख SUS] AAA HAT |

(मसिग्रां Naat cera कांय-मांश्रट्रटरु cata wre aa aaa पिक्न

agcfs cotra ar मट्‌ शम कांर्मानटन S| क्रि ₹७ ANH |

SIR THA (८ङिटगक Seq अशित gem cata मन qe] aacegq वणि cre cata ace गणि

acd: =fq atcea facto | geste any aif aca कोन कब्रर्-निनि VATA ace offs ott जवन fase दानै च्पविब्ररङु seal ahents |

25

efaray श्टदव वाकी

NAAT TAT

casa] aa श्नि

८क)ट यजि any छनि

गणा-गतगक्ट्छ

95 BIg fa gre

धिक facia faafss a

= 2)

मांनमि

८खव्रद (वान्‌ मटक (यरु-घांगि (गन विङ्ण्ि सग टव नटन र्‌।-मांन।। (रकि गञ्ब। Gy वृर] खण ge ated mace ati Sf faeces नांद | सखि (म (वनिक शत्र fe (छाबर मरि (र्न म्धानिर aifs afecy Sfor | ica दत्र fom acai afer Botan खकङ्-णाब्र। उख SY (षवव्राख weal |

far yaya

abty caves कनी Gath Atta

SH] TIF Ae Holey I |

एरःटत्र Vicar Qt (कन CHE AA ata facta way नाशि गांज (छाग | ae fey Aca 24 Aca Hat

(डां गाव fafar यङ्‌ cata Coat mitt | (कम्‌ Baty catca Bray श्रफेनांनि qaAty Aaa cetatcal atfere |

र्‌ौ मिग्र। frat ezert (भव किर्डिव।स amy छोंवि acm Peer विकाम

टना zatafa

खनिक्रङ्ं caty शैखि

SI मख] fa cal faqeta Ral र्मी टेन fats |

atct fast-aife मरभिट्नक्‌ नखि cofeal मर्व दांक्ृटव

गृ भख asa ataca जांभिग्रा यां कुन afs यड्ट्ब्र |

वहं gcd त्रि Bey crag

facafy cota खट्थ॑ट्छ

CBR SI AF

Fal ATATA

qlwen cre fs |

नां वर afaca

बतं गोन

Vife भटहर

करिलि] जकन कषां

fn मृनिवघ्व

मनन caATHTA

Ulfaat बांनिन्‌ wet |

Tayi Blsay

Wey कर्न

cecal cuca faaata

fasi-atfe cae

AAS पश्मिग

CIRANTA ंगेशन |

ध्वन्‌] HAT कथ्‌]

ANA Beil

खमि fey नाशि छनि

FCS] छव्‌ Bla}

कृव्रभि खांभांट्दर

MSF thao cafe |

CISA व्ल कु]

भ) कर्‌ 4 क्थ

Sab fas! TBA

uefetay ets

काषिन्‌ ACRES

CECA नर्‌ निर्न |

gsa-fagerey

मिश्र fase

fsa wal नारि cera

Cala Btfs ¶खि

ay नि afe

FS BA (तष Atay |

CTSA) HBlTTH

fratcH यांना टश

Qt कटर मनात

विशक्गम क्वि

agian (मव्‌

TUCATAMAT कषु) कब्र

@> ce) ब्रा ay Cea गन वदन Stew |e शां §न co (वना CCITT कहि EAA | CTaiice यां मातर Yee जनक वांकरानि नभ्रा atata eb acy गन्तं वभौ

व्काच्छ योगात (नाक कात्र सङ्द्विक HIN मना ICH मडिव कटक |

NIT मक्न बाम qafas भावी

एड शग शनन करर ANT (नाक रषौ | मानिकं wey cry टप विषयान नांशव्रं Sida दत्रि Cry aerate

25a

२२०

नित्रयन wet fet उरि यां कात्र शुश्व्रि नांट्म ष्टे AH YASS | (ग्रानिनौ जहौ act धत्रि afy यास्‌ टव Ste ga say दधि | (श्टव्र। दनि CASAL CN यवकांन FF श्न] qa] नाप्य दरे गांनिव्र Bars | विग्रं ख) मिक op afae थैवग

स्थां वट्नेब्र एः cotta slaq मकन्‌ | ser Sica निन scx छां acy Bly Aa aA cata a ata Satcy | By AH ace Sta ste arfarfay

Sy मन ACH Stew Qareta वानौ। खाश्विटन shesi-sen era र्वं cals टट्डा-दटश्यौ जन खारि यांनन्त cass | विग्र eta नरि cra ङून-गांनि देखत जञांग्र coral wal fim यानि | sifecs रिग fas Seq गवन feaca दमिग्र। wica shee मनन। aca shea हटा नीरा tba कांगिकट्ङ crateg qatat aac | BARA ATA हटा Alec ATA aratcatce वन्तौ कत्रि YR (महे cae faa-cotca cata निन शोमट्त्र wats ate दस्मव्र अगमान athe नादे। नीटरट्ड srs (नाटक coca Praca हटा मिग्रटव्र दभि करि Sacacat | कानोनट्र्‌ एव) रेष जथ मशूकटव्र

नाना टः feat Stor मानिष (षटनटव्र माघ गाटम माजि act CaRQ ARTE

है टणतव वृकाल्र (छाय shag मश्व | ‘way cota ca खांमि गूक्रा-मश्टव्र cateta wore rattan fren cotca |

अभनमांदिक्नश्

aay दम्‌ fay cca Sher

wate bicata afes निनन | cacy Basta कत्रि acy AVIA (ङ्न मन FCA Siem वषि यीटनेश॑व्र। CEA ANA श्व्र-शक। Bea AF Cates cata नाग (करे aa जोटव athe cree | aay ९वग]टथ cota faci कव्रांरेन catera दांमट्ब कानि mare पश्मिन। (य्न) Boa कब्र am मविनग्र

AS खौप्राषटेग्र) (भवो adhe चा्याम्र। AV Fatal Fa Paes cota मकन Ht sla शीकंऽ Atal | sity cage शति Tata नोर AS SNA crest Aste Baty | q:aq Gag ge qrifs एरचि

IS YA HTM Atal eva Uys | atace ृनैखि tice afacas cota aenta Sian) wa बिव गिम AST कब्र caam qari विषयान

सुति cota, face bron cata दिष्मान। faa ats ca यांमिद्‌ छव हन Hay एकन (वङ्ग Mata विमान | aq खारि (कद) gfaai नैग्रा दौ SNS (मश्‌ a cn caanta नखि | TAA यैमत्रमन शमि WTSITA

BIAS AUS cota acer विषादम

@R

etfra रिटनन ate मनभमांकृमांगरौ यांन (नां (डांमात्र are cats वद्रावद्वि इव्रिष्वं (वहन यद्ध बत्रिन निग्र शभित्र। afb यक्तं वे te दद्रा |

गांश्म of cofe यदि यांटन set feta fra om खारि खशि cre caTyreal | Seq (वन वानि भोद्र-गांव AN aration यदि ay oF goteal | ay ८वांषानि ete masz यैरि ABCA Maly एन MSA aya ay caretince (गवि यानिन शद्रा नदेन Sta एाकि Gea हिदिगरा |

भिंव्र भैष यारि चक्र fae (काटन ANS AUVs agi Pea Cam qa | aca 4.9 (रि श॑दटनब्र॒ मक्षि श॑वृटनव्र nica यश foe Corey वभौ एटि भूष निरि संगिन बूल मश्च शक्र-खा मटन दमि Pars Sg | farts wera श्ट Bla Ges are CHey fen यधि शुधिवौत्र ence | ye ata शुरिवौ दिना cae काटन geal atcica विष frcra गांरौटन | cre रिष दांर्कि गिटगन cata शख ea हेन दिष्‌ cota छर्मकष BE | RCA ACA AAA गषादे-य(त BCA faxefaa यांखग्र विष षा-मूटथे 7a | facate मथन छिन कान्‌ रिष aga sian otal Pre ants | macy छमिन विष कनिनांब्र शिव (रेष (गनि छाद्‌] पिन वांङ्किघ्र। aces race दिष्‌ ate af sty

Bre WTR मद्र विव श्म यांखात्र | ates faa कि cota ट्र काशिनौ केषरदवरबर iene रिस aco ₹७ athe |

दापनं शन २२१

विन खिनिण ककं Faces कांवर fia शकु टेकन नांबर TATA | CHE शक COLT दाव Gy भक्रए-ख। डगर दिव्‌ वा-बूटथ गवर | मशमभू वे कृद्रटमब्र शन

कूत्रटगब्र नाट विव ₹७ Saye |

यां णनांश्‌ नाँट्म दक्र कथिन (? ) (भीमां < छाश] व्र atcrce विष धा-भूटश नांद | wat sha फिट्व्र कह काम देगशंदवर कष-गूवमांट़्े विष FIA AARC | BI शद्ध SH BT भवन कट्कब atata fas छम द॒भांखन afte male († ) गहगञ्च-मा्व यदत्र ठेनैदद्र मरम SCAG HOTS | as खारि मब्रटनघ्ड ata नागै मर्धशांटन Tahara (वष्गातब्र खि | नैवा] विशं वि afte याशुनि areal खामिटनन विष कानौ aif | aa शेषि stare गांत्रिन ota निष we ven नविनाव्र थाह (वच्छ छट | Visa वमिन वान कमं तिं शटि (वशम प्रग्र टेन चनि | CHRACA Plate मृड नरिनत्र react चौग्रारेव Gy w Faz | OS HA OTA BVA ममोीन

fy वनि acts एटगां निष्ट जिं faery वन मनमा-एव्र BACT BACT गांड] इरे HAT |

९२२

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रेन ate Jas cermita

ea निषा हांट्मे। बाख न। STA Mata Aer CHITAN AB FITCH WAST |

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नतर Ct क्रि पोशंदेन wars} (शिग्र (गांहिर कातलं

थ॑प्वनित्रां ब्राचशूर एाकिन मूत्र चरर mit वेदश्दङि छा टन |

The Tmage of Manasa at Murarai. Circa 11000 A.D. (Archacological Survey of India Annual Report for 1921-22)

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ary seq Zales |

cafaal wala qt | CHA खरक cate ABA देन CHCA

SB tft खथ॑षौव्रा ae catcacara faces एव्र fae faotrta wana |

FCS] मव AA CAA greeny SHA ANT GFF TVA CHEM AACS | safe शरूवट्नीप्क stan crate

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atel श्रूयवधू वरि acy atfe बटन

फन fee Yotata (मि मदिट्मैष

fofacs शगिप्ड यष्ट वि शिटए्नक चूट१। FSIS रारे Ala रेन CHT |

कङ्‌ vals caica Fhaat निश cata cacal cafe (फर्‌ afapy |

fegatra श्रूयटथां fag atifaa जकनि वग श्रेन (छामा cHfeal |

ate हिव ace cata coratea crfaal मनक FHT CE Vales cata ace a cata गिन rate | दिख fetta वदन मनभा-व्रिड @ गिक

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acs caf खक्मानि gas steta खानि ज] कति मनम) ATA |

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aiqty wate ae ख]नांटवा ateaty farsa gate afearca

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खश्व-कखि-(जन्यन cafe scm afer Agta निजांन Sica ata

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दम जन for यंहि गष्‌।कान Te | सिवान Ce त्रम] गनमा-ञद्रग CASBR SIC ACS uty मकन afaty हाट af mea गख ahs catsca faa हेन Saints | HICH Sat ate cHfay spats fanats ऊर्म (कयि atest एगरकांवु कृष्‌ कङ्‌ ee वनिं fawn ब्रन कां किनि मर्व (वष्टना-कथन | afar खांनटन्‌ ACS खक्र-श्रुलङ्ि ARS (मयिट ety गांख-श्रूलव्रारिड | छनि एर कात्र ates यांनन्हिङ-मन (वष्ट छिन्न रे4 यांटेन ze Waa मनक] | AY अछि Wel CVS-TiTF BS दाहेन wT 4 (कन वटव | यज BHA ररेन Hag निर्गमन

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खट्ब्राक्नं गान्‌ २२१

Hfatey MEN एन यांननिख-मन MCAT UTS (तनां मटक Alera नं (वदन्‌ CHCA (तव-यर््छि।न FS BI AA (ट्य एट्खव्‌ WAT | Aes for awIT गीयेत एकत्र

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उग्रकत AH छे 4 SCF

CE मांखट्यव्र काक व्यि WIT | खना टव्र श्ट्दि-निन्नि छांमिग्रं याट (कत्वेन AACA CATH CHAT ATRTA | ८काथांत्र AGCT CVT GAG ACH नक्त नक्र TS जौ HAMS AT | विष्व mea etal cotata थना एव SH वूमिट्छ ब्रहि चदिवाटम्‌। डव or aan मब्रिद भर्वन

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AS SASH Ha (वा-मतटन

यि ङ्मि शूखं। कब्र पिद शरवौखटन |

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खक्र। fay टेक pee wif मटशश्व्र गयन्मोटव्र ais कटव्र मखप्र-खशव्र | दमक शत्रव नां जान गहिय Sizicy clare च्रटर्भ नदेट्वन (छाम | वन a वृर्यिंहि नऽ विषयान

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ACS AH शं्रा-चंक] SIZ alse | AAS Ffaal aay qq Spay ques wats Sie ace किद्‌ वटन |

TAA AE

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caceta मड (तकौ aRata कब्वि। (भैष TCT चख] मौ! तिटनन Siacw face कब्वि wits ae bicwa Bas | Sai छनि छौ म्रा एटन सविन | Sty मां att ay कत्रि यरशागष् | ८कांन tice Sy ates az fate शद्वि MS छटन MS foo नव Sty शङौ SAS SES एटनं VHT Bins

“et कर्के otfeaty Taras |

ats fool ce shy Corey Ate नात afgr Bieta दाटव्र ATS जाट StF |

CEM AAA TA OF FTA

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मर्व Te य।नमितर aay श्वनि IASI ACY Meal यष्िक-खननी | Bical Ay SNH चट्व्र मर्व शद्विवांतु शिव यनम।-श॑ष़ विवि ereta |

AB जख Fa करि [थे] जख दांग pharm यां नटन चटव्र CASA STA | ANS TY ACH ACH मनक। (दि aay afeatiy नदेन eat frat | atfers atfocs bier ofan खट भट मं YH (दिन atata द्वि fers | एनि ary (वन Naty BasAst मांनटन्‌ शूखिव्‌ aay यनमा क्म | atatfafy ato दाटणं are कोञिट्खि acm शिं कूमग्ःकुम Qo व्रांकश॑प्व | fy za युवक coface यांटेन stay कनिन्‌! मनक्‌। ब्रानि may aaa

छ्रां ATA 2290

यनमा-शरेकाव्र शंन sca यदकं विष्टि भग्र खांटन मनमांब्र वाब्रि। sala कर्कि कूट atface चां, शाख ननम जान धूर्व BL याय

नान मत्क UT Tee विष्‌।५ खां द्रि gals मक्र नए (तोमब्रि भूक |

मृष मापन वाल्क काशमा Sasi मानि (वनि कमि मित्र Seca काकान्‌ | aye शद्ध॑नतनि (पस्‌ Tats

यांनटन नाशिक यख छट alee | धुर एषि sq) cafes प्रभं फन्‌

मान श्रूं जांनिन कमन BAT |

gia महदिव (गब यांमि cw गैट्ड ata छर्नम्‌ वाज कन विट |

बि एब यांजिग्णन (षथिट्छ कूनाद्र faces oe गिन चत्र GHz | CBT (द्‌-दिकं aH मश्विषाटन

यञ्च #एट निक्त राक fetta श्रीघ्न

2

दत्राणि

चरन कत्रि नृशददत्र विषटियं वमन शैष OMA BCA थक्ंगन

SAH BUTCHIB] BCH NTS शक्र शी aetacs वमिन्‌ ates |

AAT Cora शि AIA Tia Sie me (द afer विषांटन

aries शान क्ब्रि शकण ददर वात्रि ATA शरूटणं अक-गटन |

२७० मनमाविकग्

ag यप्र मनमांकूमांत्ौ गिरिमांत्र

न) वुकि CR (काव (कम्‌ (म AA CHA CHACHA BCA ALS BIA |

र्कद्राति ays ag uly कनक wey (व्‌ fey atta भूलाद्र ata ofa A aq यब्र af

नानां र्वि STSS ABTA | fag मन nfacwica SYA BM ATH ata afaaq aaafs

ARAS Wate यड FCA BAe omi-ace ठनिन atafs |

eita afer (अस्‌ afanta afar सखन BATA SAF

fos qaea sia खडि Bea AAAlS श्रुनट्क OTF AY HH |

Sia (खा) fesa-zer निदअंन-मर्‌)ट्डख।

aay छूतरिनि योहि-मांर।

cra fafa qarsetal (म्व cota डानि fate fafa fafa fa ets |

ay Bgag ala Byers ay खानि aig Sifa acaq निनब्रा

sata cages] कानिषटङ्‌ arte cates easeta (aarlaia aia |

खनाटम्‌ खानेन FS विश्वत्‌ रतु गृ सिषे fra विवष्त्रि

acai catca गव्विद्ाग दिश विनाम नान SSSA A AIA

Sas SEF AAls arate SAF wy As Aq FEB क्षश्च AH ICH | यटम ataica ङण acy हाटशा ater खट्डा नागेश Yee Hey नातिन नानां दिषि estes warm शग्र-शरूख। | STA BAI Yow ata TRA | AIT SSS Ace xin छव्ररकांद्र ait ofaaica शरै नाहि यांएे CATA

ats Sara cer सङछिक-कूयात्र | wife cots fefeal yfecen यवटशैटव्‌ |

ara भीन

दषा दद Caf BE een faquly caai feces btewica (गांरनक्रम्‌ श्व्रि। atatay यभङ! तु ale arate

कूः कूम-क्द्वि-शक्ष sty पम्‌ fA | fafoa aaa भवि ara ipl SBIT™ CHAS मनमाकूमात्रौ | Batty ACT Ag SSAA shy wT कान CAB Bie श्छ धरि | ge a fica ge शकोश्रूनि निष anfeca fret creat केवर et fia | cafem मक्नट्य ate मश्रिन cata HSH YAH GH ANAC (नांएन | HABA (क्वौ वटन कटक) यै कि cota asle [aa] vita नत्॒श॑डि |

कटवार Bice satay Aca favatea

SH TE Gil STS CHE मर्ाखांटन। शन YH STASI WAI मट्‌ fasta कव्रि atay एन्णैक-नशवु | ममगरश्तम्र HAL CHM) यक्रौ कात्र ane caaal faca मकनि (खगवर | Sea Grew वटन fey fasifaa वागी खट्यानिमडव) इमि गाखानवांभिनौ

व्रद॑-र्ट्व्र शत्रवो

sath मनन। भ॑ष्रावो नाशौ छत्र्काद्र-शेद्ौ नाम शङ्ि-मन्कग्री। faqafy छा श्नि दिशा बिङ्दन गरंखान रिन्‌] acy (कव्‌ यिटन)एन | Bay asta नाम गोंखानकृयात्री नात्मन NSM नाम देन ACPA | catcatat गेवगट्यांतरिनौ यनाकिनो HITS गर्वो नाग MASA HAY | Gla कट) Fa-cwrtey Bea faraway aa निन्‌। Cay मूर 4 नाने कषन | AVS CACY Bea Batatata

(ह स-निन। cq atte ete यामा cafenl एटा eis oe विसि atfary कटक व्र fret af ofa | ङ्।गि aerate Coal हटा Tes सयर्दिक् coal (मयौ ब्रशिटिनं (कोटक खट्व are यढ शरम frre विशांटन यख्ठ-म) तकं पिन! FCS BAT | qantas dice SHH मटन।-कुङ्‌षश्टन aranca men Sica गविनत्र caer | cam sicm faaefa aay 25a

fas विथ वटम्‌ TARN-5s4 I

d3

विशेषौ

कटश (वहन्‌ aifs

चन्‌ ब्राग शर्व WA

छिन ef cical इमि

मूक वद्र fees यामि

टव (कटन B'S (RAIA |

285

२७२

मनमांविकस्

coferay मव fie T-17 कब्र oxi मटै BAI ACH (गना |

wey यगि ee मूक माप्रागोटणे Fe युक CATS निं कम्र) पिनां (रन)

खविकर वमद (वाट्न कां्ट्व्र (वषग! टन CHCA खनमनब्र कट्वर ङ्मि

वै गनां रिमांट्न . facta दुद्ांग्रा। मटन खामांट्जा मश्र्डि खछांट्व्‌] खयि |

ट्व ABN AS नि्ट्ड छाकिम्च] शख Tey जकन कब्र

fea af cra कब्र ge ८क fraafy TPH HST AAA |

(स्ख MAT SCH मन CHE PR-ACF शर्वो Sian शान

CHE ANTE BAM खक कर्मशोटने रटे दक्र छ्य yoy Cay मिशन |

AAA TAA At facta Fars FA ea ay निखा व्र-कं तभे

cofe face cne-atay विट्सु मनम।-नब्रा विन SAS नगम

नचिनाटब्रत्र श्रि युद्धि caer! मी विणोग्र रदेन शूतीखटन

खां गेनांत खट्टा कथ्‌! गटख्टे Flay SAH wife aie मश्मांत्रवक्टन |

गग) eter ata Saou नारि sty Sas wal विष्गांटन

xfs gets etce यनम। Biren ace खाश्शिट SSM GSK es |

wafer ace Oty Cae cretia ota cafam वाटश॑त्र Besa

FICHICG Way मनम।-षएव्रट भत्रि

भांज्रा-८मांद वट मकां्त्रि |

caret नन) 20

(कटनक FTE क्ट्वा

ae CATA दांग-षद्र

cafe यरि cae con (मनानि

HEI MES काव

भ्म atfe fra

afanca यांभिव्‌ wafh |

(ववि मनम। छि at qe fale fauta facaa eaface निद्र micas cet = afer छूत्रिनि-रभं fas faomia faafsre ४९ एव्र धान त्रि यत्र firs निरा USE CVU Ae दरेप्रा शतरमिर | शौनमि वि arate facay cata मर्नीषाट्ड Cae

गडि काट ca ate atcea aotca fer ated camel mate CHET MAS (गाए BPrifars (वन

ateatfaceay गिदव गव Wd SBI Ht |

areal ath ata ater catatet कट्वु शैव्नै८्ड क्‌ ऽन विष्खि FCA | SUCH BO ANS (वन ATH बाग Catia aca fara Hace BT (कोटक afital ata etfs aif शनि form नाहि ara corel eta टमि cater | aay जावर शत्रौ मांनन्ि-मन मिश्ट्नाष्‌ “face fous चलन | अखि इनि att प्मिव। ofa (श्म eter छक्र] areal योदेटन। Mea | Racy ® कणि Sle नत्र Ay (रिप्रं gata ant wie cate ea | mere cre gee एरिर षूतिनि अथर (हरिगर ce माोद्दट्व षद्रनि | ठन हन कटि cote दूति छूतिनि (र्थं देह यहि कटि अरु TT

Veo

Coral एश! (वि (मदे (गक उेगजिन्‌। aicaa कनन (एमि (वहन wast शृद्षटमर fa सूमिढ qari |

वांशं छि TH षट cafe फां new gem हिक (कौन fray हांदाए्न। (वना ACTA TB TE एः AE aragaca faa ager Hae |

at ay नशांहे (वरन afi (महै खिन चर्म भृक्-भष मनम। (मवहे | देखशर्ौ रेट चामा एशोघतर थानिन शूक) (द्‌ TATRA यद्र एदनिन | ang मष मनम Chace (धगम खानि ger टेकष् HAYA ATS शिम | Fate AZ MI EIS STAC ठाद दृहिव नि चानि (टशैवव ye शूरौ शादे are थानन्‌ चांतर क्द्रिल sata yen दिवि aera are NEM ACT कारे Ares Fanta Ten QR ACTA (शप्र | एनिन awl wife vfaow eam मा-पा HN ACS BITS CUPS |

२७8

Bins wer fa TAA (शीतर हाट afa ङनिन | होटव्र 44-77 | at tarzan fren इव्िड-नयन

एटकद्र निमिटव्‌ cael Sc ङ्वन | अनिक्रण Gay fre दन रिण्माघ्न मना शूखिन दे दिविषं विशन | garfe छाङकि यट wool विष्णव TICS नानं कटय] shaq fasts | ABCA Baarife say tyra निकल Sal नदेन MTN शान | AP-SB गरं qe टकन शुव्र-धोव्र जकन (पव AF GISTs | afaey Ca खि कबिन aicret aca faa At ooty eface | say atts aife gera कींकाट्न cafera arian gee खोद मनिटन | qa (ofan gee जामि नारं कृटमं cela fra यावर टेकन (र्नकाटन्‌ | Gel Sea Stee fren aera sface frets mre मनम। STFS | (षव[] AHA ट्व ] opysca Facey gals Werte yy afaca यां कांट्गै fas fro sich ace ge aA अनमात वकष] छेन AIGA |

(भे उन OC STA ATA गलन

धन AH AAAS MSH कृशन | मादे Safe (खदा ata a गाजर AAA AVA STN नारि मर्नख्ब्र। Seats aay ea (दौ विषब्रि CHICA CSLATA नुंख। टेन TSA | र्व Sel SE CHA रेख विषमांन raid यकम fee विशाम ate

aT faery

sy

. यद्ेमक्तना ay ox वियष्द्रि जगर-ग्रशतरौ Sera चत्र Tel AecBcwe Bie छन CH यदश (नाक VEN थक-मन यष्टेयक्षन। Be देख fasts | BAIA खमि कर stacy atlas afsce ates cata बिना एत्रिड | wy कट acest cHfacs निदभन afr नांखानधूत्रौ Strata काद्र | ey fap शिख) विशम ala जट्व oe मखु (महे निद्रन रित्र। शरूर्वट्ड AAS! fora Bales FT BAA WA LEA ठेननौ | Si Beal afasica sates afaai sorta sf act atafas zeal | waists जदि aay vty fra Sits विष area oem गिव FicaitHa Sica | क्लोटव्राष-यणटन SB BIS SFA र्द crane Stet afacy Sf | Shaq विषम विष fasta aeza खर! UST Besa acai विटगांषएटटन | SY निव्रक्नन Bcal र्ट्व्रव्र Gfesi cetata जौदटन cee कव्रिव afeut जन fea (मरे Sal (त्रटगां fas टन CHAT WA FS न] STH WAT | च॒ सामि stelece शव्र-वौषी णेटन (महे गरा रौद यामि after नाराटन | foray गटङ्शद्र मटन यांदेन Sta शद षान कत्रि fren catca free recs | THAITA CAML AR BCAA SPAey विट्माषएन Seo wR मां व्र-गणटन्‌ | sam Sf orm (षव बिटगाषएन AAs थांमित्रां at sate owes |

शींश्रव्शटणे शद्विकिर एमन नर्नीषाप्ं म्ारछ FCA खटर्मभ्र छात्र VG | ewe महिटर (छांग ह्निन alate यङ्िक-क्य।द़ Ny ¶21@}९ उरि | Sas माजि्र। नदेन हाट्वव्र या मर्नमय-पणनागं AT यदा इंडि | ffs चूण etifay माबरा-यवसापवर यंपेट्य व्राथानश शृकिनि Baie | र्‌ मन-ह्८गन Tal शूक व्र ACY Se SECS य॑ व्रि बालू-मानू WA | चवि खटनक sfag Sta tal

SI ATA नरष bicata खान ets | eal yrafa वपि धना-गन। निषा दरिनाम हएताव्र शू wen fray faa छिन खर्म यनिक्रम ठेव] (मद्व (नाद्व उव HS SBCS कीशेश WSC | ote याम्‌ 1S BRA AA) FAT कशे नूनङि Stemi wig शठ | Fracotca Btcwl व्रण WS SIA ay crater wica चानि terra | छामा नृणि gare मशूक्तर॒ ट्र aty उटम्‌ Stewl मनिन्‌ fess | कू८न एूनि aa atal cat Fea (कटने टेनन नब्रन॑रि ara Stil | mae caani Ce Ge aca विग्र (रक एनिन ye मदवाद्व faa | यहद ६।८१। CUI! AAA CFA Rat-atca aaa WAUTS CAA | ` (दह्‌ यां कःय ऊामि quae नगा यायावर निकट act Catan शिर | मान ब्रह (वना (माहिन मृ arcs गचिनव्र चिप्रारेगरा हनाम ब्र | Canty छां ट्र हिना चिप्र कानि मठ fom िनाम giant |

सत्राणि शन्‌

मारु fom aca शूरण यृर-धूपर गहे (तनव वहा (भन रषिर LEH | मृख-शूमौ शाशा ated इत्रिद-यदव्र alam यामाद्र शूक विविद rere | AMS CAR YOR ATACS Slava SI Vira Sx atai frente atfag | faa aay (मिग) कन्व faa ats Bataan getca airy शर्भविम। निगु) (षट्वद ated ठव्वि-गन

SNe ABTA CFA MATA भूमन | oe zeal विवश ace CHa Ba Salary frm क।टन भित Pie |

4 मव्‌ APL कथ्‌ OCA CHT छन धृन-छन दुर ङ्म fen विनांगन।

af शटैघ्ठ Sy SLA ai Ba विनाम Be sicy Wea We CATA TAMA | aries देशाट्ड ace दिष्ट ate ofica wahig खजं मोमा |

cH aa tata वठ tia a Theale nde faqefa orate Ate |

शरन atata (द्व ai fica AHA cw Ses cara A ABA | छरा कना} co corata दरु Ate गटनानोर वाक of sacs मादे धरे & STAT म्वा BITE छंर णना alia कद्र yf aces कंगना |

अहे (र AAA म्वा एवम HS (नाक aries ace (जन (कोन दःकै(नौक] ata वन मर्दन एन्‌ निख गनमांगक्रन्‌ NS माब IS पवर |

श्वि विथशांम aca Sian धनि macs शवर (यन उव ACH डि

हण गनांत्र eae Ae Fate |

२९५८

VARIANT READINGS I

|. Only inC,D. 912 Only in D 2. 1-13 Only nC, D. 1-2 D acei/acki. 4 feacate wtet.12 D यैष रमक. 14 A begins from this line. 28 After this Bb begins with the following interpolated lines: ग्य यङ्क उक्णि ahs र्त्र Teta AC | मां श्द्रव्र Wat खटङेवम खश sfrata जंटने Stal दरेत्शिनि wa | Shay Sthaet खांनिग्र] यद्नि tae HAT शष गांरेन उथेनि। fagaca cea छांटन sata afer - | रिषि विरू टेल यामि ater यदिमा | fsfes मिया वृकि atta नेकौष्व खषण़व्रि MITE शका गक Sry |

31 Ba sly.

3. 1A रिगशीत्रि- 4 4, Bb, Cgafam. 5A, Bb ea for Cem. 6B iq for नेक. 8 Ba tq (मष Seb cea. 11 A, 0 agen, Ba year, D yeeni. 12 A यक ote. Ba afera sre, © afer sata. 13 A, Ba मनीनाग atracs. A fbr. | 27 The MSS almost always read gfaatat for affara. 36D atcaca for atc#ctS. 28 From this line up to the fourth line of the next verse Ba has a lacuna.

4. 2C couwa. 12 Ba, 1) दक्नि. 14D “aq (छांनिनौ. 16 A जि, Ba fers. 17 A wa व्ल, Deoxag. 26 A, C atgun ( or वाजा). Ba नगरूणा।, D नांद. 27 Ba, ©, 7 वाल cata. 28 A omits this line. B, © D छाय (or sty). D aa for Hey. 35 A मकल for ~~. 36 A, Ba, D ca\coa चनक्र. 38 A alfa, Ba fafafe.

5. 3D सया 18 Ba, 0, 7 agarq. 22 A wate. 29 60, 7 wg गेन fegiq. 30 Ba (जन ace aft. 36 Ba, 7 ee (टम. 45D वकलिजि (always).

VARIANT READINGS 237

6. 1 7 कथनना fem. 2D ony यांकाद्र (नायः fae (वाखिगरूखिमम्र 8A, Dgb gh. 107 लोर {ण कष. A, D aqfor कब्र. 18D नांड्न (also later). 29. A, B aces for युटखतु.

7. 1 A सनं for छन. 3 Bray for टन (always). 6 B,C sta. 7 A, Ba, © fagfegas.

9. 807 cafaca for (रिराः 13 B acqfor उव्‌. 19 A ख) ङ्िटक्रव, Ba afecsy, 0 यटिट्क्द, D यांशिटण. 20 Ba खन (रथि्र.

10. 5 C,D atcas.

11. <1 Cette. 90 fafafaa, D faatfas. 16 Ba enraca fap थादेग aaa afew. 27 Ba atest e494 CAs मन. 28 A “Mata qa.

13. 8 Dagaiage. 11 Data am seora षदे gre ate. 20 D wala. 21D zaxat. 22 7 em. 56D faaatce. 58 7 Sfan BaF srafrg कट्वर tg.

14. 2 7 काणं णमा. 4 88, 7) caatfe. 116, 7 +य 12 D विट्‌ for facafy. 17 D भिव 0८ fra. 18 C, D ara.

15. 3D sacs. 106, D atfrg. 13 Ba, D मूषक ( always ). 16 कूमनि (always). 26 ©, 7 ecaq. 23 D aq atfy. 30 Alter this 6, D have two additional lines :

gas कँग॑एनि wa sfag faite

aft etal aticecs (अस्र D) gate cre पान। 38 A, Ba at tex. 39 Ba cats for acm. 45 A, Ba ayia ately जन अरन्‌ अमन.

16. 20 C Daal खष्िक्‌ बनमात्र व्र.

17. 10 Ba जनि, D जानि for af. 12 Omitted in Ba. 13 D निवन्‌.

18. 23 7 वामक (always). 24 Ba, 0 atatace for atace. 27 A, Ba corety for Reta. 38 A मनि, Ba aqatfr, D मन्त.

19. 1 A, Ba कानि, © ate. 5 7 ख्व ary. 8 D यायाट्क्व्र मर्म. 12 7 (ज कात्र. 13 A, Ba, ¢ afaty यथन 14 ^ न, Coa, D भग्र for owe. 17 A,C,D fay. C,D eeu foretg, 22 4, 7 aftatie. 23D wacs. 25D निदांमि. 31-A aca. 34 A, Ba, C ceg.

20. 10, 7 efeata for करि यामि. 2D (ककरन. 3 D छकरष्छवां (always). 9 7 wea for (हन. 15D eta. 48 7 stfes. 60 ^, Ba, 0 करित 54 ^

238 MANASA-VIJAYA

षिन, 55 D शंन (always) 107 त्रान. 57-58 This Couplet is lacking in D. 59 seca (always). 61-62 D gatstca/etetez.

21. 6A, Ba, © fea. 13 D facaay. 16 मश्च (almost always). 26 ©, D 96 नारि ecb (C yb) TE.

22. 6 ^, Ba,C Harz. 15 Ba afatea, ¢, D खांनिटन्‌. 19 Ba wen, ¢ यांकन्न, Dacey. 21 yf5s (almost always). 31 Gq (almost always). 45 Ba ख।भिट्र facay catca Crm atatace/... acwcwe. A, ¢ facate for fara. 46 Ba गटक्शट्ड. 50 शूनक्रशिं (generally). 62 ©, D eq for नाट. 63 ©, D fecaa. D नाखि. 64 D शीशेव्द. 65 © खषटब्र.

23. 6D een, क[ननङ्वधन. 7 ^ cafes comma. 7 ate 14 A ata, ¢ यामि for ary 16 A, CD किङिःन्‌. 35-38 These two couplets are locking in Ba. 43 ©, D मल्क. 44 After this Ba has the following additional couplet :

ननाठेव्र WH दत्र यांम। रुजिघ्रा.

(डांग एष्‌ ब्रक् cap पिन गोरर. 45 4, 0, 7) र्रर for com. 46 © यांजिटक.

II

1. Ba नेग्राव्र. 2 Ba faa for याभि. 10 Ba aie for sf¢. 11 Ba acura}. 13 Ba pafe for ayfs. 28 0 stata, D srqq for stafa. 30 Ba ¢teta, © (भाबर, D stteq. 31 A fea.

2. 11 Ba facq afe fate for fas gafe. 30 1 मव्रग Gay कम. 44 Ba wal wa). 49 A, Ba wfaai 4७ te, C fe feu eff 4७. 50 0, D एक. 51 A, Ba aca टन (कनि. Ba (कनाटगनि, C, D (रूनाटफनि.

3. 2 Ba विन] ठेननौर fy. 24 D भिक्खा. 35 D ae etraca for cate यैव्वनि. 50 1 acaqy. 52 A 0, 7 हिटनन. 55 A aqui, ¢ कलक] for कनक]. 59 D fegz ( 2111080 ४188 ). 62 ^ qe, el for as). D ates ay. 63 A, Ba, 0 cwafareey.

4. 4D aca cota fafa.

5. ^, 0, 7 afore. 21 Ba, 0, 7 गर्वं (almost always). 24 Ba suet कद्रिण दांग वद्ूकींव्र Bey. 37-38 A, Ba, © aygce/Swace. 50 A, C cater for Sc. 53 Ba Satfeu, D conta.

VARIANT READINGS 239

7. Ba गंगर 7-10 These two couplets are missing in Ba. 8 D ym intatem. 14 1) vate sity ety. 19 4, 0, 7 atraq. 20 D aca form, A, Ba, D acatacea, गष्वटव॑व. 24 Ba, C, D crate. 25-26 Ba apetca/carty क्रि ge wip गखिग fefere. 30 Ba, ¢, D (कनिन ate. 36 D wta ददि खौ वटन.

8. 4 Ba ey (विग्र) मघ्व eta उव्रांग. 5-6 4, ¢, 7 मकन्‌।मकत्र. "9 A, Ba, ¢ qaca. 23 C क्थिंनांटव aca भ्र, D कभिननाँग्र Acs रश.

9. 6 Ba aaa, D नानक. 8 Ba भौमं for (छागां. 16 Ba fafeca, 1) निकीष.

10. 2 Gel ( almost always). 3D ofata शाद. 23 D ata. 58 Ba (क्वद्णवौ for (शि क.

11. 3-6, 31-32 Ba omits these lines. 7 C छव्‌, D coty. 13 1) खनि. 22 ^+ महष. 25 Ba, C, D we गछ.

12. 2D द्वन cate. 7D fanaa. 15 A, Ba, C @afafe for खननौ. 16 A, Ba fal wta. 33-34 A, Ba, C ca/facag. 37 D reads here faqant यथेटन मक्न Qeafs. 38 7 ateicy. 39 A, Cawty. 44 ^, ¢ aera.

13. 7 Ba वांश्कि aca (कोङ्टक. 9 A wight, Ba stefH, C म्नि. Ba, ©, D bicaaufe. 18 A वषि Gacy feta. 19 ¢, यानन for यानान, 24-27 These lines are omitted in D. 39 D कमन ( always )

14. 11 7) (कब {07 (कमन. A, Ba (कमन Gatra afa for ee (गालव (षवशव्रो. 12 A, Ba, Cagior acu. 14 A दृक]ष्टन, Ba, 0, D वका टन. 16 0 ea, D aq for acy. 21 A, Ba, D fara. D ata. 23 ¢, D नगक.

15. 6A, Ba निव for cay. 9 D ware atra. 14C,D वषि. 29 A, D रुष्ट. 30 D ata कांन fea टन. 32 Ba eats, 0 ceaty. 35 ^, 0 efacg. 41 A wate, ए, C «हे श्टाटन.

[1 1. 10 D ga.

2. 6 A, Ba, © तख] for व. 9 ¢, 7 zg. 16 ¢, D fagaa गशोमटक्‌. 18 A खाट्‌ for wicy. 24 Ba a= for yf. 26 52, D विनि cacy. 31 ^, Ba जव for ट्व. 41 0, D facaz.

3. 34 88, D yeqz/aey. 6 A, D मव्‌ for yam. 7 Ba, © afaa for यामन्‌. 11 ©, D कानि for कत्रि. 23 Ba, C qq. 25 Ba, D gery. 12 6.

240 MANASA-VIJAYA

कद्रिटन, D दिन्‌ for शुखिनि. 22C,D कटव्रङ {07 श्र. 24 D नागरा for areal. 31 D cuvafe. 32 C, D cag.

5. 6 D ata at. A, Ba afeq भैषि for afuy (कणि. 8°C, D (यौवन. 9 ¢, D (णोदन यत्र. 11 D गरखा दर (always). 12 D छनि for छन.

6. 5 Ba, D चर्व. A, Ba ata catscy. 9 C, D aq qas Hay. 10 D खांनांव्‌। arara.

7. 5 Ba saa, D नट for atucq. 7 C, D waz for aeq. 8 C waz atza कटे. 14 Ba, ¢ नोनिव. Ba ce ata faces fas. 19 D gana.

8. Ba sata. 8 ¢ aiffa, D यांनिना. 11 A कटन नि, C stew इनि, D कांक्नि. 17 D एदि. 22 A, ¢ कक्््टन्‌, D कक्षरभौ. 42 Ba गरददटड AAT AA कब्रारेन पत.

9. 2 C, D faarea खोरि. 3 Ba विष, C,D wtafor sta. A,C,D farcry for छेन. 4 ^, ¢ शटमक् acy. D aaa acy. 5 D नाँमट्वर for विमृटवा. TDar ca. 8D cru fata. A, 0 (कामन for (कवन. 9 D aca विष्‌. 10 A, C, D ama (र्न. 12 A, Ba, C यार्क्‌ for wigs. A मूक, Ba p¥4, D owe for aye 18 D नाटव्र. 22 A, Ba ata.

10. 12 © ataty. D sata. 20 A, D faca, © fan for वरि. D afeata (rhyming with तदनेन ). 25 D abe for कर्के. 26 A, © qa, D army for afy. 29 © cory, D care for carey. 33 A, D वटनन. 39-40 B arfa/ teal जर फनि. 48 Ba fasyz an, D विव aca am. 49 0 तीर. 49-50 Ba, ¢ favatca/faatca. 51 Daitsta. 52. atfza. 58 Ba मनमांव्र aq. 65 Ba, D कृङिगि।.

1. 1 ^, Ba कट्व्र 07 शवर. 16 D भि for भिक्षि. 18 7) रियतांटव.

12. 39 नग्राद. 2 A अडख्विक्, D यष्द्विक्र. 4 Ba (ग मात्र यशश. 86 faestca, D निज xq. 10 Ba विगान, 0, D aata for विषां. 18 This line is wanting in Ba.

13. D रेगन ate att. 4 A वनि are यांदेभरात्रटण 9 A, Ba, D मैक. 19 D aay. 36 ¢ attafy. A, Ba, ¢ डति द्रि 44 Ba दानि, ©, 7 stafa. 47 D cea for cea.

14. 2,9,11 0, D stafs. 8 A, Ba यत्न. 96, D कटव्रन. 12 Ba एकन).

15. 5 D yemta. 22 7 atcay fancy. 25 A, Ba ¢ छदनं for मृषन. 33-36 These lines are omitted in Ba, 37 D जांनिन्रा.

VARIANT READINGS 242

17. 5-8 This coupletis locking in A. 12 A, Ba, © छाकिन. 17 This line is lacking in A, Ba, C. 23 C, D tq af>. 22 Ba <दछिग्र] ख।दटेट्व. 24 A q74, D gatéa. 39 C करिव, D az for ofas,

IV

1. 10D वक 4tq. 12 D Axr7IZ. 15 D eaacwita, A, C sateen Ba ewacatct भांश ae याषशिनि sete. 18 A, C, D asfeca eee. 30 A, ¢ यानष्. 34 ¢, D atca Ay fata.

2. 4D afer. 16 D यामि for aff. 19 A, ८, 7 गड गख. 20 A, ¢ ॐनिनोग वणु दिऽ, D छनेनोम eal विक. 35 1) नख गि.

3. 64^,0, 7 ces afy cataiy. 7-10 Omitted in D. 12 Ba yaxat sieacs alata. 14 A cetaty, Ba रदे for (छाया. मांत्रकताव्र (always). 16 Ba, ¢ oa, D नारा. 18 Ba atéy व्यंगा मर्‌. 19 Ba चठ wes wa गढ. 21 A, ¢ खट्व मव Bata, D wea (म काद्र 22 A, otfaca, Ba Si fora. 25 A, ©, D MATH जप SCS टदे] SAT,

4. 4Ba wars, D ata. 6 Ba मकेन for afey. 17 Ba रिट 22 A, Ba, © gcew. 25 A ends here. 34 Ba a कव्वि. 45-46 D agai/afani. 51 Ba Bea, 0 opaty. 35 ©, D कत्रिल. 39 Ba aefg. 41 D ठेर श. 42 Ba atataca. 43 Ba fray ( often ), D fae (often) for yas. 47-48 Ba aps ae Baca जाव ofam/feca facaca पौन arte कब्ि्रा. 49 Sef. 50 Ba wiface aracd. 54 © Fanta कब्रिन face (ना fra cry. 58 D दांख। ae कटर faqy. 59 D (यात छेडक्कनं ASA.

5. Cpt. 5 Ba arts xe aa tes Gar. 6 Ba frwtacer. 8 Ba atcara गांगन era नश्य afeoy: 9-10 Omitted in Ba. 11 B सकरन Chat CI a7a fees. 25 D way for खथ. 30 1 (नसि afety. 60 D cea for क्षर. 61 Ba, D शूद्रा.

6. 5-6 Ba दूरे खटन।जन्रिगटन. 7 ©, D atafaa मर्ककटन. 8 ©, D कच्चि for कब्र. 12 Ba (खन a. 21 Ba निखाट्मौक. 30 D निगम्‌.

7. 2 Dfol. 36 B ends here with the scribe’s signature followed by a foul impzecation against himself, as magic (“Agacra जन्तौ म।युटऽ” ). 9 D खाति eatatfa vy. 31-32 Ba कमन्‌।/गेषरन,.

8. 5 2 मर्ख, 7 मद (always). 40D stfy पिटट्ड ten.

७9

242 MANASA-VIJAYA

9. 1-6 Apparently an interpolation of a singer-scribe. 8 Ba, ¢ cya चङि. 41-42 Wanting in Ba. 43-44 Ba hasinstead : छोकरां कटि भूनि fawaz/feay छिक् iz ङ्मि कष्‌ न। aya. 46 D Hates. 50 D रषि ate (ट्व. 55 D

afaq ates. 61 D faxes}. 65 Ba ख।भिख (शशिन faoata, 68 Ba छं (नाकि. 71 Ba युं for fae. 76 Ba, C acu for cay. 79-80 Wanting in Ba. 83 Ba

खदुक्षान छन. 85 Ba acaatcey. 89 Ba GG, C ae for Sry. 90 © afer, D विनि for afgq. 96 Ba wigs (ख मूनि. 97 D 6 afy for निव. 101 D yeas. 167-108 Wanting in Ba. 110 Ba cota, C cso for cats.

10. 12 D gaal ata. 24 D poate. 25 D afta. 27 Ba चि for teal. 28 Ba निर्न wey. 47 D fasten. 48 Ba, C safe. 7 मन. 49 Ba qi. 50 C SIT4 9TH. |

ll. 7 Qatt cat. 2C, Dawfe. D sajna. C eae. 8D acs. 9 Ba, C मनमांरमसौ.

12. 67 नाष नोच. 11 Ba wera. 15 °C, D ztataty. 26 D area. 40 D सवि. 45-48 Wanting in ©. 50 ©, 7 कद्वट मण. 54 Ba 4हे AC (राम) Hata रेव Sta, D 4s yyaca cttentecs Paste.

13. 1 7 ater. Ba afe atataiy छनि aft stay. 6 Ba atca/atca. 8 Ba qeleca. 11 C नां (थन.

14. 1 Ba qe. 4 Ba ataty शदेन ae stata cet. 17D fae aca ea वू oft (कन ववृ. 18 This line is lacking in Ba $ it was also missing in the original of Ba as the scribe comments here ( वक नैह ate”, fol. 25b). 21 Deeg. 260,Dare. 28 Ba sry. 29D care. 30-31 Lacking in Ba. 34 (छात्रा omitted m Ba,C. 36 D गोटी. 39 © ating दभमिन Sct मनम cantca. 41 Ba नागन, C नांजवांलौ. 43 29 ग्राव. 48 ¢ stata. 61 C कष्टे tenl, D geal शे. 69-72 Lacking inC. 7170 छिन. Ba C डिवि fastca. 74 7 otraa. 76 Ba, 7) atfea. 84 Ba Bw ye.

15. 3 Ba य] रेन efacg. 40, 7 छादि atetaecy. 50, D दटगन soty. 8 ©, 7 चज. 21-56 Ba has instead the following lines ina different metre:

yt af fem wee शक्षथन्यं yy wit Frage ofa etcetera विभाग रांखन। कत्रि tore विवषत्रि खि anf coq yet मक्र खख्व्र खाद Bers a fea cad ace यांमांव्र वन व्रणं रुदविद carca रथं हिन ery MA cory नादे SPIT |

VARIANT READINGS 243

विष्टि afeal aife गिरि eicates कद्वि Grice विष्टि भिक्ष-छांग

wea wea MW) नान यार Coal CHT कद्रद्र ब्रायन |

ata to seer ates Hie मक्टल वट्ठोनष्यर CHE Borat

नखि safe efe are मव कमणि (तथा) (पवौ त्रपिर cen |

` Bteatcaca feces aa ace शर कव्रिजउ्व॒ वियम्‌ विद्रषिङ (fol. 267). 22 7) कुमगगक्ष. 39 ¢ मनौ तमत्र. 16. 17 7 जर्मन. 21 7 हैमन. ४8: हमोन. 2४ 0, 7 उवन. 24 C कदिघ्छ,

D faces. 25 Ba (व्ाणिषा, C, D कत्रित्रा. 29 Ba fara, D fata. 34 Not in Ba ; the scribe comments: वक oR नाहे. 38D fafa crica. 42 ^, D जष्टयिन, 49 Ba niviea, 7 एंशदेगर.

17. 6 Ba, 0 भिम मिहि. 10 Cataga. Ba मगन catete (तारे. 11 Ba affea qui/efaa Gal. 7 गामि gat. Basitfay. 12 D agar Baie ast. C here puts in the number 21 ( of the names listed ). 13 D wWywral sfraai. C,Daata. Ba cratal. 14 Ba yxa, C afea. D here puts in the number 28. 15 Ba, C eats, D grate. C, D put in the number 32 here. 17 Ba मातरि, C मद्वि. Ba afm केकि, C मारेनि (अशनि. 18 Ba faq tara. C,D putin 40 here. 19D रन्‌ मांश}. C,D (नोनार. 20 ¢, 7 put in 45 here. 21 Ba नविष्टिवि. Ba wtaai. 22 Ba aia, C saz. C, D put in 60 here. 23 Ba पूना. 24 ©, D put in 56 here. 25 Ba नन ay. 26 Ba atfra किव (भौम, D afeq. 27 Ba afq for afa( or व्रि). Ba faq. 28 Ba eae. ¢ corate. C, Dnote 75 here. 29 Ba af मोषीत्. D gaa. 31 Ba apy, ¢ gem. Ba iffy. 32 Ba जनिन Fraga, C afaafa aga. ¢, D put in 92 here. 34 C, 7 put in 99 here.

18. The name of the melody occurs only in D. 1 D Saas. 20, D, aeaq. 5-6 Ba ata/atce वमिग्रा atta. 7D fg. 10 Ba (वकारा com ity. 14 Ba faa चल fey. C,Dfeg 150 @tfaa. 23 Ba, D atacas. 24 0, D cae घाटे दमि. 25 C, D atcatfean. 27 C, D arf (always ). 29 Ba कांशूनि. 32 Ba cate मास्व. 35 D fegatfa. 36 ©, 7 cca gfe. Ba cq ate ate. 42 0 got@a fra ota, D gota faces छान. 46 atgfy can be read as वक्रि also. Ba ucae ace eaty. 50 Ba दात्र. 51 Ba gfe. 55 ¢ afeal ata, D srasi ata. 56 Ba (भन.

19. 8D ca. Ba erring efay aaq. 16 D मरी for acy. 18-19 Lacking in ©. D has instead : (क्‌ (शाना ACH SCH CHA YN इतरा CHE (कह STM

244 MANASA-VIJAYA

catty. 21 D setae. Baxifea. 24 Ba काकि cate मक्र. 26 Ba गताम. 29 Ba wg. Ba, C कप्व्र यशोवान (7). 30 Ba qricas facatal, ¢ arta मवि aie, D eoca रमयित ata. 32 Ba, C gquafaqi. D asaaifa. 33 7 गष्टनमान. 34 Ba 8k. 35 Ba afagq}. 36 Ba निक] fas] TOA AT FCF SU WH. 38 Ba carsifeai 44 Ba (श्नकोटन्‌ atfe fas वैरि fica ea feat, D ceasica atfeal aifva fara eq few, © (सनकांठन माकिं aife fara aa शिग्र] aff. 46 D कमान. Ba छनि ब्र.

20. ८0, 7 निना stfs. 7-8 Missing in Ba, C. 9-10 Ba नभ्रा] शब्रा. 12 Ba acs गोदेनांम ay atfe, D ace acarata aq stay. 14 1) caaty. 18 D छनिन. 21 7 (व्र. 29 ¢ afqq. 30 Ba catcaute ateica Stata, C रट्टक (तानन. 33 Ba cotenta, D (एने. 39 ¢ afet, D atafa. 43 D bas vate का. 45C wif, D yafy. 49 ¢ after, D aafe. 50 Ba,C sfaft. 51 Ba टश. 52 Ba (कह ce खांवदटर्नानभि, ¢ cae aicatecs (ड्मांगति. 57 Ba wigs, C (जुरेका. C fra मान.

21. 1 Ba agfq etary. 3 Ba wary. 5 Cetra, D णानि. 6 At the end of the line © adds विमन 8C,D साली. 11 Ba, C रउवकि. 1 दत्र. 14 Ba कद्र aya. 16 D एनी. 18 D farya (वेव. Ba ग्रम्‌. 19 Ba sie, D Sty. 20 Ba, 0 acam. 23 Ba arfeatfs sity. 26 Ba ट्रक ॐ. 37 Ba faa, D (काट्न. 39 D faph. 45 Ba gfe, D रेनखिि।. 47 D atryz. 48 Ba, C aiaty. 55 Ba apexrq खोद. 0 7 arefeq. 57 0 qafety sae.

22. 8 C arf, D wit. 19 D aitiy. 23 © D wefan. 20C मद्‌ Berta. 25 D asics atcstara. 30 D cafes ace sce Yafect. 33 1) (वदि. 38 7 शाकिन गक. 39 7 (षन. 40 Ba, Care ace. 43 ¢ ofa fers, D त्रि fara. 47 7 कन्णेवान,

23. 1 7 amy atety. 3, 6 D जारा. 7 8४ करभांनै. 11 0 corre, D (कारे. 16 D watz. 117 59, C छिणव्र. 210, D जागार. 24C,D eine scataty. 25 Ba कूनि. 26D gay gre ta cacy. 32 Ba शामन. 34 Ba, D ay. 35 D ace. 36 Baga. 40 7 कानव्र. 43 © fare शिनि. 43-44 0, D Gra/aeq. 46 Ba कब्रिदब्र carey aiff. 49 D @afy. 51 D Berg. 56 Ba oifey. 58 Ba ateytfe. 60 ©, D fer for ररौ. 61 Ba Sta cafe. 63 Ba otetfeai. D wi (पित्रा coating sty. 64 Ba sig शाहु 69 Ba

VARIANT READINGS 245

एषह. 72D care. 75 D fare. 79D Qafx. 80 Ba वना]. 82 Ba cosy. 83 Ba coral cBtai atata cota. 84 Ba e&cq Baty. 90 D acw.

24. The mention ofthe melody in made only in D. © *atq. 8 Ba Aye. 10 Ba, © (कानानटन्‌. 20 Ba cam aitfy कुमखिका, C fe कृब्रणिक।. 24 ¢, D यि (गैीक. 28 ¢, D ay ay गर नख.

V

1. 1 Ba मषटन. 2 Ba we fea. 11 ¢ cateria कि, D ata cata aife. 12D ण्डक. 14D safe. 17D acatata. 23 D ata atacay.

2. 20, D कान (वकान. 17 Ba catuta atea faa. 1820 Ba fewyy eqeq. 27-28 D afgecaaca. 28 D ataa cafem. D atest. 30 तक्वा. 40 Ba (थाणा.

3. 6 Ba ste नां (षयि otf. 7 Ba छंवांव क्रि. 10 Ba emefa. ¢ (कम्‌. D वानाहेट्छ.

4. 3 Ba aq शृब्रिघ्ड attra. 6 D (करिव ga. 9 ©, 7 Gate. 24 1) efaai.

5. 23 Ba नकृडि कानि.

7. 8 Ba र्षि fers ae faces. 17D atfoy. 32 Ba atgca, ¢ atgcaa. 38 Ba caqqe. 49-50 C, D ata/aty. 51 Ba, ¢ ateca feta. 70 D afay. 75 D aeq for ax. Ba, ¢ fate माकि 84 Ba,C दमन ace. 85 D ap. 95-96 D खश्‌] रेट ददेग Tada! QUT BAT NY इव्रमिख मन.

8. 3 7 निन्नकट्व्र. 16 D fasts यांनीव्र. 27D मुक. Ba qaqj. 31 Ba, 0 acue aifs. 39-40 Wanting in 138. ` 42 Ba छ} अब्र sfeq. 43 ¢, D निवि. D aty. 44 Ba, C ofaota Satq. 55 D yfaai.

9. 3D Sit aq fra. 16D मानि. 29D ae खन. 33-34 Ba fayta/ शंन. 36 D wfataj. 38 D (जन for fafa. 60 After this C, D have an additional couplet: ycacs चकं fe मनम)ऽब १/८ हिट मकन्षवनि शिष्‌ षएन- दन. 65 D (नारिं. 77 fafe. 78 fafa ofa.

10. Only D mentions the melody. 1 Ba auf. 3 कि. 10C,D यामि उनो दहे. 12 0.7 ata यामि. 20 frep-ycas. 21 D नात्रना. 22 C, D णाहे Siew stacey tat. 25 Ba fefefa, fefufy. 28 C अङि (काग शदेन,

246 MANASA-VIJAYA

52 D यामि णिः cotta. 67 Ba,C gy qq tami. 74 Ba, 0 सहेन ataGtz. 81-82 Ba वन/ख।मन. 83 Ba निङ्कानि. |

11. Only D mentions the melody. 1 © कटश्न. 2 D कद्विम सांगभैनि. 4D asa facsyt. 91) ठनि. 30 D शकन कवा. 31 Ba, © तिरा.

12. 13 7) मकन य|. 59D ऽव. 62 Ba कनद, D कन्म, 63 D (गौ! कषठंन wie. 67 Deatfe gy. 68D नाखि. 73-74 This unrhymed verse is probably an interpolation. 86 © (काटने Sy घन्‌ कन्णैमांन. 112 D विम डं निटकृरटन्‌. Lines 112 and 114 are interposed in all the MSS.

13. 12 Ba cayy. 16 Ba qacea वृक. 21 1) रांभिटख (अन.

14. The melody is mentioned only in D. 12 D yaa afefa cata ate वणार. 20 7 fawincy कशा. 23-24 Ba sta/sace. 27 Ba ears भनक], D cAtATS मनक. 47 Ba, Capes. 53 Ba, C ace. 54 Ba C wa acy fea नरि. 78 © qqxtfesy. The last couplet is missing in Ba.

vI

1. 3 Baya. 4 Dafa. 5 Ba aye कानि. 7 Ba stfe भव. 14 Ba Gay. 16 D ays ata. 18 Ba विन. 22 24 D ate. 26 7 aida atzica. 3) Be ace faa afar. 38 ¢, D facie afaa of ara geaca. 40D sire युक्ति stfem. 42D याहे. 43 7 fagaa. 44.D qauta. 46 ¢^, D sifed. 52 Ba wqq ataty. 55 ¢ afaq, Daqq. 58C, Daye. 59 Ba, ¢ कलि. 81 ©, 7 मव्रिन जक्ग. 94 Ba जहे ati. 96 D (पथ.

2. 9CD otfea ( almost always ).

3. The melody 18 mentionedin D. Ba भेरा. 3 D कटतु खरतर. 8 Ba Gye Acaq काक ACA मटन Ae. 186, D ata fe.

4.1 D ostafa. 9 Ba (रुचि. 11 82 योगामि. 14D yee mia Caen. 15 Ba gfe. 17C, Dawa लंटन. 25 Ba नेमव.

5. 0, D ew. 8 D aqefxy ११. 14D नम्र. Ba weal. 18C,D यक्ना व्र. 19-22 Omitted in 7. 33 ©, D cate. 36 Ba मनभ। ateta cers may enty.

6. 2 Ba way. 3 Ba ayety cere. 7 Ba fastfan. 19 Ba wate 4%. 21 Ba sqq cam द. 22 Ba गानानि. 24 Ba वन्‌ छनि. 25 Ba, D Fatt.

VARIANT READINGS 247

7. 37 (शन मना. 15 1 97a). 17D ale aay. 21 Ba safe.

8. 5 Ba, D atera. 9 Ba, D diem arate. 15 बूशगूनि ( almost always). 16 0, D श्रि cca. 18 Cajes, Dafee. 25 Ba wy. 26 Ba @=icq. 27-32 Missing in Ba. 35 Ba caepscatfeg.

9. 10, D em कमन. 16 D (नेष्टा नोर.

10. The melody is mentioned in D only. Ba शत्रव. 27 BS afefaces. 28 Ba aioe sata. 29 ¢, 1 छव्रनि. 34D afpatca. 37 ©, D efay. 47 Ba, ¢ oN (क waa.

11. 14D वक्र ata ater. 210, 70 ee for as. 24 Ba wea. 25 Ba cacy. 28 0, D मडि for wey.

12. 6 Ba दशि «ej afacy. 13 Ba mata, C Haat. 16 Ba निखामन, D शुङानेन. 22 ¢, 7 etitey. 30D atafeei. 35 Ba, C 318. 39 Ba atfie. 42, 44 Ba, C watg. 43 Ba, C mal. 66 D Rte वर कोटग. 77D HF. 78D ate fea. 82 C ends aiter this line. 86 Ba न] ff.

13. 12D ete ata. 18 Ba wea बहि. 19D ace.

14. 2 Ba fafay gen. 3 7 जाग्र श्वि. 11 Ba yey निट्छ. 21 D seq गटङव्र. 32 Ba यांशकट. 33 Ba ay.

15. 7-8 Only in D. 10 7 कश्निग fsx कटन. 12 D विश्रि. 13 D afey. 20 D fora ( almost always). 22 Ba utfaai. 25 D मणे रेटल. 24 Ba tices. 26 D खारू.

16. 2 Ba qetetca. D afeaty, 3-4 Ba feus/fray 5 D (कन. 6 Ba गनचवटन यांनि afaey. 7 Ba ge वक्र 12 Doge yas. 14D aay.

17. 17D ates for atts. 20 D arfe fofa. 23 Ba यामिव. 27D गैर afy. 30 Ba 2am निग्र]. 38 7 वनन. 45-48 Missing in D. 46 Bb begins from this line (fol. 102 a). Ba @facq. 50 D याष 51 Ba, Bb cefay. 62 Ba, Bb लिगं. 64 Bb afer eum. 65 7 qe यात्र हेन. 74 Ba जड. 77 D ate atstafe. 77 Ba ate tlafafs]. 78 Ba, D ऽकानैछि. 80 etam for वदन Ba ends here (fol45b). 82 Bb जे यनिन (कथे. 84 7 शाक ववार. 96 Bh सरश नरन. 87 Bo शक्रवर Baw.

18. प) न। जानिष- 13D eq, नरे fax. 15 D षएात्रि शट 20 Bb sare. 21 वक्रां. 27 7) ण्ड was. 29 Bb etgya aya. 30 Bb कद्वत gore. |

248 MANASA-VIJAYA

vil

1. 1 7 aaas. 3D भवन मङ्ाट्भैः 6D कि (गात. 7-8 Bh व््षनगशःन्‌ / ङ्ग (खन macy यमदव. 97 ales. 17 Bb aah catsta. 18D waz याख्टन. 20 Bb विवांड] catca Can (कान (वटव. 23 Bb खानटमं atcafaa कौ vay किव.

2. The melody is mentioned only inD. 1 अडांवृ ( always ). 5 7 कट्वर as. 7D ee 10 D SR. 11 80 नाब्रि्व्‌. 12 Bb मर्क्टनांक. 16 Bb (कमन. 16 D करिकर. 22 Bb छनि भट्ड. 23 D cotagi. 30 Bb eq) for oF. 36 D ates for मछ}. 37 7 शख. 41 D atav.

3. D ofonfy. 2D यक्षे. 11-15 Bb has instead :

yay ofa aig गनोट्म वमान strteey final ACS Baler त्रान fray वञ्च नेब्रोदेन गोडाम न्व (र्न BL.

4. OD faafen. 13 Bb ateta ग्रब्रडि. 191 sata विष्टे (वाश.

5. 11) शत्रसिङ, छत्र क्लि. 2D एन्णैकननत्रौ. 5D coq. 6D sates} Up कट्व्रा मन. TDaeta. 12 D Ror. 14 Bb faqs ary. 16D (कयन 18D एंड). 28D festa, sifaq. 31 D ata wes. 32 Bb atte. 33 Bb fazea wea. 34D atta gaicia ye fanaa. 35 D Wary. 38 D aq Braqtey. :

6. 5-6 Wanting in Bb. 9D जोव yeta4. Bb (कदनं निक्त). 11-12 D safacu/faatecs. 13 D ofa वांना. 14 D fags citer. 18 D catsecm. 25 Bb संगम acy. 26 Bb wal कृशन. 32 7 aya.

7. The melody is mentioned only in 7. 6D टेष्छ]. 11 D जननौ cttsa. 15-16 Bb वषडद्र/एनिन waa. 18 D क्ट्व्रन- 19 D कि aife कि नोय, 2 7 atfas gatz. 24 Bo cata sfx. 29 Bb (मथींटन.- 37 D eam wagaty. 40 ए) forga. 41 D ace for yey. 43-46 Missingin D. 48 D afeatca vay गन. 50 D fas रिणामि वटन Sara BCH.

8. 1 Bb हएत हिक्व्र. 16 Bb a4a) ऽनित्रा1 (वौ कानों शौँव्रटन. 17 D afasiza cota (कदी meta Sty. 18 D मन्त बटन. 29D ate कांजगानि. Bb क्क्ष sity. 33 Bb afer.

9, 3-4 D वक्षन कांर्षी।खडम nee. 13 Date. 14D ey. 16 D कृष्ष्टम, 20 Bb atfee. 26 7 xf. 29 Bb faca कटनदट्वर. 36 Bb otal ow cen.

10. 2D षन] यनां acm ना (कथिगांग सननौ. 7 Bb aq (डित. 9 Bb खङ्ग

VARIANT READINGS 249

catea. 16 7 भैट्ष्टङ. 12 Bb afta say. 18 ए) apace. 37-38 कत्रि; (थिव) कि (छात्र चंग जित्राटेट्ड atfa. 45 D afi. pon Fe

11. 61 (छात्र. Bb छेन fax cot छर्म se. 8 D यांखम्र faq a are: 10 Bb faq for uta. 11 Bb aca atd जौदकर्मः 17 Bo उकम्‌ ककत. 21 D Fees criti. 23 Deg कति. Bb say. 26 aatey. 27 D कच. जटतै. 29 D fre egata. 30 D ge.

12. D otetfe. 7-10 Omitted in D. 17 Bb मख कत्रि टेवन्‌. 20D ofa मिण. wx. 29 Bb frfs afi. | :

13. 5 D fea cag aie. 16D atta stay ste नदेन द्रि. 18 Bb (ग for tq. 20 D ak (नाटक. 23 Bb fargai गर्कप्ठ. 25 brcatz.

Vill

1. 5 7. मि tag. 9 D soifag egca. 11 D faq कब्र. 12 D cata v4 as. 19 D otal Sata stay. 21 Bb यवान्‌ qafe निभ) @etq. 26 D Mseste. 3४4 Bb निन Stevi wea. 38 D ced can. 410 afacy. 42 D afer fea. 527 Coal ayaa. 51 D a4 cats] ay atcated. 61 Bb. ary acy. 62 D मस्छ ater meica. 65 Daegdta. 66 Deey cam. 67D ata (कनि. 69 Bb Bcd cots eeal. 71 Date ate कत्रि areca. 74 D कट्वर eagata. 76 D ath for qty. 77 D ऊ।व्‌4 निक aca. 79 Bb fagay, D aten कुव. 80 Datute. 82 Bb cacecq. 83 D Hoy att कट्त्रन.

2. 2 7 ofaa “coe नान. 4 7 cate (श्न. 5 D काटन Fic (षो att. 7-10 Only in D.

3. The melody is mentioned only in D. 1 D fasta यदव, 2 Bb RRR. 13 D Rite. 15 7 gqacq. 18 D area याभि acne etaica. 27D क्रि मावे. 29 Deca (कां८्न. 31 Dacae. 36 Dy छगरषवनि. 39 fragf, 43 7 (खांजन efx xe. |

4. 23-26 Missing in Bb. |

5. 31) शूट. 4D qq acne. 12D दिनि getty. 15D stra. 16D ace नात्र, 17 D ety ase. 23-24 D ofiretca/Ootaria acy. 31 D मट्छ cq. 33 Bb [sata छेश्छन. 36 D कामश्‌ fafa. 40 D निवि निज. 47 D cunt. 54 Dag tam भत्रिशंन. 57 Data ceq. 59 Bh नक मात्र, 63 7 as यत्र cafe ace aca fae. 64D otaca aca बन. 72 D नेत्री ofan. क्ण

250 MANASA-VIJAYA

78D aw कतवर, 81 Bb ata शत्र यद्र. 82 Bb farsi uty een. 85 Bb ata ge जगि. 86 Bb cfg. 90 7 नानिष्र. 92D हेर fara. 94 D शनिग ata. 98 D ata baa (वत्रा.

6. 1 Bbeafajay. 2 Bb acd acd (तिन. 5 Dam ङ्के. 11-12 ith Nn atfes qi. 29 Bb (षधि. 30 Bb afeateg. 32 D निन जीन. 33 Bb यिव Hac.

7. 8 7 ८कन टेन. 14 Bb गागं ete. 16 D देक cite.

8. 10 Bb cata वन. 14 7 टेननं ८काघ्न. 21 7 दंद्रिटनन बक्षष्मन. 22 Bb मिन. 28 ए7- एरर वरजघ्वरद् aca arg चक्‌ अक. 30D षर etyy. 31 7 शठ गाब्रिल (भरन. 39 D Shes afe, 42 D ion. 47 D जन as. 48 Bb aafa tata eco. 54 D weal cia. 58 Dceacs. 62 D Se for छट्व्‌. 67 Bb श्नि ataca. 69 Bb यामिट्व (वहन ya. 70 7 atdtca. 71 Bb farce.

9. 1 ए. यात्रा. 2 Bb चिन 3 7 कक्‌ gad. 10 Bb stad thre fata atca. 12 7 दभिनाछे. |

10. 8D fea. 10 Bb atfica. 21 Bb ate मर्‌।टलव. 22 Bb sere afm. 23-24 Bb eatatca/eq मुगवघ्वर. 27D sai (तैन atatca fara. 29 Bb eafare कलश. 32 Bb कथन [ ] of&

11. 1 Bb at (तमि cacel म्तौ. 3 Bb गोनां cafe wat. 5 Bb a for 6}. D etcgfor aco. 6 Bb टेक नाना wa. 7D were कब्र afe 11-12 Bb etfe/aiff. 12 D freiteq.

12. 2 7 वमाहेटन. 77 ea cog. 9 Bo afiey दटेन cetaty. 12 7 al ङ्व stay. 13 Bb रेक craate afayy. 16 Omitted in Bb. 22 7 (षवि Za. 28 D ata fess.

13. The melody fs mentioned only in D. 6 Bb oferq. 12 Bb frafee tat. |

14. 1 7 विटय. 3 7 कक. 47 cotta. 6 7 विटनैष. 8D (वभ. 11 Bb गर्दद्गाक. 17 Bb दाट्शब्र. 19 D acy ce. 21 Bb (महे ata. 22 7 qetate. 24D ate. 33 D stanfe. 34 ]) गदे |

15. 27 (मात्र. 4 Bb aq ary. 5-12 Only in Bb. 18 D. wefaca. 22 Bb crits

16. . 5D aay जट], क्रटनैत्र. 6 From this line upto the end of the Pala Bb is lacking ( fol 127-130 )

VARIANT READINGS 251

TX

1. D Facetcy qaty. 23 Bb यद्रे afaa ateica. 26 D fefan safe मणि. 27D कवि afam विथ॑मांन.

2. 3 7 कटव्रन. 4 Bb cafaa. 7 Bb aty भैभक्न. 8 Bb ayy wen. 9 D for ax ayy. 10 Bb एदेकून क्त्रि. 17 7 ataras. 18 D नतौ eta. 19 Bb Safa atfem याभि cea. 20-23 Missing in D. 24 D etgai शूमिग्र। feral. 26 Bb afayi wicea नृग॑मगि. 28 Bb atfea fry. 29 Bb भिष्लीं शूत्र याम.

3. 4Bb catege aHetity. 5 Bb asafe. 7 Bb yal Potty afs 16 D axeca frqgg. 20 Bb ataew cycaa. 24 Bb (हत्रिट्ड निमिक विनम्र, 25 D afer शरवनात्रौ- 29 7 sfeafe. 32 D cwrfaai aaca aqcatcn.

4. 10 Bb sretetfa ate व्राणा. 22 7 was वाहि eta atfe. 25-26 Bb has instead: fea (द ङरेए beri हए ॐशव्र/व्रसिट्ड डि oa ataa नण,

5. Daceeayaia. 3D offacaa. 5 Bb fatty saz. 9D शिन. 26 D खाता कत्रि वाक ag. 29D याटएनिन।. Bb मष atae कृवि. 34 D aetaw.

6. 18 D firm छिन caleta ee. 19 D wifey. 22 Bb ge गांग. 23-24 Bb gaa afacs/atiae fafacs. 35 Bb safe नांत्रिन ate wife cratal. 47 7 terre. 49D (रोष. 50 Bb एनया for ety.

7. 8 Bb तांखं -गश्ठिषांटन. 14D aff acy. 16 D ataracy.

8. 7 Bb aan विखभ्र. 10 7) atey निप्र. 31 D जांत्रिद्व.

9. 40 नाम्रखत्रार्रेन. 44 D गर्‌] atafys. 45-46 7 (मनाम. Bb ends here.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED PALA ONE 1. Ganega, the success-giving god, is praised. 2. Other gods are praised.

3. Manasa, wearing her state-ornaments of serpents, is described.

4. Manasa’s birth is briefly referred to: ‘She was born in the nether region (नकद) but not begotten by a woman. The artificer (‘nirmani’) was her maker, and she was fashioned out of the great god’s (1.6. Siva’s) sperm. She gencrated life in her own self, and Vasuki entrusted her with the stock of venom and placed her in charge of the ndgas (serpents).’

The various names of the goddess are then mentioned:

‘Her name is Patalakumari (‘Girl from Patala’) as she was born in the nether region. She is called Nagesvari (‘Queen of the Nagas’) as she received command over the na@gas. She orjginated in the lotus- bed in (the lake) Kalidaha, and so she is called Padmavati (‘Lotus Girl’). The god hostile to Tripura (i.e. Siva) mentally perceived her birth; she is therefore named Manasakumari. Shc is the other body of the Formless God (‘nirafijana’, i.e. Dharma) and is a master in all branches of knowledge; she obtained the knowledge of Brahman and is thus known as Brahmani. Since she was instructed in the Great (i.e. occult) Knowledge (mahajiiana) by the trident-bearing god (i.e. Siva) she is also known as YogeSvari (‘Mistress of Yoga’) and Sara- sayogini (‘Sporting Yogini’). She received the name Mandaksi (‘Dull-eyed’, i.e. ‘One-eyed’) from her scuffle with Candi, and winning over the latter she came to be known as Poison-Eyed. As she was sent away to live in the forest, clad in white clothes, she was universally acclaimed as Svetimbari (‘Woman in White’). From her quarrel] with Candi she received the name Nirvasini (‘Extradicted’. or ‘Unclad’). On account of hill-dwelling she is named Parvati (‘Girl from the Hills’) and Parvatavdasini (‘Hill-dwelling’). Being the wife of Jaratkaru she is called Jagat-gauri, and on account of separation from her husband she received the name Pati-mandadari (‘Unloved by Husband’). Being ever wakeful she is named Jaguli and she ‘takes her station in the Sija plant (euphorbia nivulia or euphorbia splendens). The other names the poet is unable to recount.’

The poet now speaks about himself and his work:

‘(I am) Vipraddsa by name, a son of Mukunda Pandita, residing for ever in Nadudya-Batagrama. (The family is) Vatsya by gotra,

254 MANASA-VIJAYA

Pipilai (by surname), having five fravaras, and belonging to the Kauthuma branch of the Samaveda. (We are) four brothers.

‘In the month of Vaigsdkha (i.e. April-May), on the tenth night after the new moon Padma (i.e. Manasa), sitting at the top of my bed gave me a direction. She commanded me to write her ritual song-poem (‘parficali’); this is my sole equipment, and I know nothing else. Having made apology to poets, superiors and wise men (I am) writing this song of Padma in accordance with the scripture (42572). In the Saka (year) measured by the seas (i.e. 7), the moon (i.e. x), the vedas (i.e. 4) and the earth (i.e. 1), when King Husain Shah is supreme in Gaur, at this time this ritual poem of Padma is written, and on listening to it people are softened in great delight.’

5. The contents of the poem are summarised very briefly.

6. The creation of the universe from the unknown and unknow- able is briefly mentioned.

The story properly begins with the arrangement for a feast of the gods to celebrate their victory over the demons (dattyas#ya yajiia). Ganga the wife of the sage Santanu was allowed by her husband to take charge of the cooking on condition that she would be brought home before nightfall. But that could not be done. The feast came to an end very late in the night. When Siva took Ganga back home in the morning Santanu would have nothing more to do with his wife. Siva had to keep Ganga in his own home.

Siva was then, for the last twelve years, practising hard penance (on the bank of the sacred stream Balluka) for a sight of the Intangible One (‘nirafijana’, i.e. his father Dharma).

7. Siva’s austerities are described.

8. During Siva’s absence from home Dharma called in and was met by Ganga at the door. Before Dharma could vanish Ganga had a flitting glimpse of his face, and she became all while. Dharma told her to say to Siva that he had come to meet him.

9. Ganga pleaded to Dharma for her absent lord, and Dharma, relenting, said that a sight of her would have the same merit as a sight of himself. Then he added that if Siva was still unsatisfied he should go to Kalidaha to pluck lotus, and some day there he would be blessed with a wonderful manifestation of a girl.

Siva came home and saw Ganga, all white, seated in a white seat.

10. Siva was impressed with the sight. He inquired what had happened during his absence. Ganga replied that Dharma had come to meet him.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 255

11. Ganga said that on having a look of the all-white and immense person of Dharma she had become white in complexion. She then repeated the message of Dharma to Siva. Siva regretted his ill-luck. The news soon spread around, and the gods and goddesses crowded in Siva’s place to pay their respects to Gangi.

12. Siva did as he was told by Dharma. He would come every day to Kalidaha to get flowers, and this continued for twelve years. His consort Candi at last was curious to know where he went and what he did there. She wanted to accompany him some

day. Siva dicouraged her as_ the lake was infested with poisonous snakes.

13. Candi felt that Siva was discouraging her deliberately. She took up the guise of a Dom girl and took her station in a ferry boat in the river Joka that crossed the way to Kalidaha. As she was taking Siva to the other bank the latter fell in love heels over head.

14. The Dom girl protested against the preposterous proposition of the old ascetic.

15. She was finally seduced at the price of a diamond ring, and then she threw off her disguise. Siva was put to great shame. He planned retaliation. He became a mouse and made rents in the prettiest bodice of Candi and then appeared as an old man seeking darning job from door to door. She called him in and told him to darn the bodice. She assured him a satisfying remuneration. It was soon done, but the man would not be satisfied until Candi would make love to him. Bound by her own words she had to submit to the filthy disgrace. Siva now called quits.

One morning Siva found Kalidaha under the spell of the spring and he was badly smitten with love.

16. He thought of his wife, and spilled his seed. This he cast on a lotus leaf (ov lotus petal) and forgot all about it. A crow saw the seed and took it as food. She could not stand it for long.

17. On the advice of her mate she disgorged it and the seed once again was put on the lotus leaf. But it did not stay put there. Running down through the stalk it reached the bottom of the earth and fell as a thunder clap on the head of Vasuki.

18. Vdasuki’s mother, who was the sculptor among the nagas, knew it to be the seed of Siva, and she made a beautiful girl out of it. The effigy was then given life and named Manasa. Vasuki welcomed her as his sister and made her the master of the snakes. He put in her charge the entire stock of poison that had come out when King Prthu had milked the Earth as cow. |

256 MANASA-VIJAYA

19. Manasa with her snake attendants used to come up to Kalidaha and disport in the waters of the lake, and Siva could not get flowers as before. He called in Garuda to do away with the snakes. The snakes protested, and Garuda narrated to them his own story.

.20. Garuda recounted the old story of the feud between his mother and the mother of the ma@gas, both wives of Kasyapa, and he continued to gobble the snakes. Kali the magini then reported the affair to Manas who at once came up to protest to her father. A sight of her,incited Siva’s desire for her, but she soon introduced herself to her father, and then Siva countermanded Garuda. Manasa now wanted to accompany Siva back to his home. Knowing the. mind of Candi Siva would not agree. But the importunities of the girl prevailed, and he took Manasa home, concealed in his flower basket. Placing the basket in an inconspicuous corner Siva went out again. This made Candi suspicious. She hunted Manasa out of the basket and started belabouring her. Manasa’s protests went unheeded.

21. Manasa told Candi the story of her birth and appealed to her as her stepmother. But Candi would not listen ; she accused her for misbehaving with her own father.

22. At this filthy accusation Manasa become angry and gave a telling retort. Candi then lost control over herself and she jabbed a kusa necdle into Manasa’s eye. Manasa felt terrific pain and at ence death flashed from her other eyc. Candi fell down lifeless. Her sons, Kartika and Ganega, weeping, ran out and fetched their father. Siva was overcome with grief. Now Manasa relented; she glanced at Candi with her reviving eye, and her stepmother sat up. Then followed > scuffle between the two. At Siva’s request Manasa humbled herself at Candi’s feet. Though somewhat mollified Candi would not permit Manasa stay at home. Siva induced Manasa to come away with him to her own place.

23. Before Manasa left her father’s home she gave Candi her signet with five jewels and made her give the word that she (Candi) would not fail to send her a call if her father at any time would come to grief. Siva and Manasa trekked on till they came. into a deep forest. Manasa was exhausted and Siva was oppressed with hunger and thirst. They took a hill path and slowly came up to the top canopied by a spreading Sija (euphorbia nivulia) tree. They sat down under the tree for a rest. Manasa stretched herself on the turf and fell asleep. Siva did not miss _ this opportunity to slip away. But he could not repress a drop of tear, out of which was born a full-grown girl. Siva named her Neto as she came out of a tear-drop (mera-jala), instructed her in the Great Knowledge (mahajiana) and appointed her the chaperon of Manasa,

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 257

After going some distance Siva felt that it was not proper that would leave two girls helpless in the forest. His worry brought out sweat- drops on his forehead. From these he created Dhamai and sent him to guard the girls. Manasa, Neto and Dhamai stayed on the top of the hill.

PALA Two

1. Manasa built her palace on Sijuya Hill, and hers was a happy domain. 2. Manasa’s water-sport with her friends is described.

3. Meanwhile the Valakhilya sages and two beast-men were born of the sced of Brahma, and they joined the court of the latter. Brahma forgot himself again and the calf Manoratha was born of the divine cow Kapila. Kapila strayed into a brahman’s vegetable garden and was penned.

4. Kapila mourned her fate.

5. The tears of the divine cow turned into gold, and the brahman, seeing this, released her at once. When she was returning home she came face to face with a pair of tigers and their cubs, all hungry. The tiger however let her go on the promise that she would come back after giving her newborn calf a feed. But Manoratha would not have a fecd until he had tackled the tiger. The two started fighting.

6-7. The fight was long and terrific, and the tiger was killed.

8. During the absence of his mother Manoratha had quenched his thirst by drinking up the waters of the celestial lake (—-river 0 sea—) Balluka. The gods and the sages approached Kapila for remedying this calamity.

9. Siva appealed to Kapila. She filled up the lake with her own muk. |

10. The wrathful sage Durvasa took offence at Indra’s negligent handling of a gift from him and set his curse on the god.

11. So Laksmi (the goddess of fortune) bade adieu to Indra and the gods and warned them for the consequences of her banishment.

12. Laksmi finally found shelter under the sea. She was followed there by the good things under her command, such as rice and other cereals, the moon, ambrosia, Indra’s elephant (Airavata) and horse (Ucchaihgravas) and the divine flowering plant (Parijata). This was calamitous to Indra and the gods, and an emergent meet-

33

258 MANASA-VIJAYA

ing of the gods was caYled. It was resolved that the sea of milk would be churned to give up Laksmi and her attendants. It was settled that Mandira Hill would be the churning stick and Vasuki the rope ; Hanuman would pull by the tail and the demons would pull by the head.

13. The churning was a tremendous affair, and the sea was compelled to give up the items one by one in this order: Ucchaihsravas, the moon and the cereals, Airavata and the nymphs (apsaras), Laksmi and Parnjata, and finally Dhanvantari holding ambrosia in a cup.

14. The gods welcomed Dhanvantari, and in cxchange of the cup of amrta Brahma gave him a pouch of ‘siddhi’ (success) and a scarf of victory. Dhanvantari was curious to know what could bring out his death, and the gods replied: ‘If the scarf of victory and the pouch of ‘siddhi’ were stolen from you by Visahari (i.e. Manasa), if the snake Udayakala would strike at your chest, and if Visahari herself would throw on you ‘Mahabhara’ (literally ‘great weight’), then and then your death would happen on the surface of the earth. But there are two remedies: the plant ‘Sali-visali’ (literally, what takes out the arrow or splinter, Salyavisalyika), grow- ing only on the hill Gandhamadana, if applied, would ward off death, and failing that the application of a bit of foam of the sea of milk on the surface of the wound would do the trick.’ Being acclaimed by the gods as the unrivalled Poison Doctor (‘ojha’, literally, master, upadhyaya) Dhanvantari moved in triumph from place to place, and no one could defeat him in his profession.’

15. Ambrosia (amrta) was then apportioned to the gods by Visnu in the form of a lovely lady. Siva did not like the demons being cheated out of their legitimate share, and he refused to accept his own portion. He proposed another churning of the sea. The gods protested.

PALA THREE

1. Brahma protested strongly against a second churning.

2. But Siva’s insistence prevailed. The second churning was more terrific. The froths and foams of the exhausted serpent fell on the sea, so also the fiery wrath of Siva. These two mixed together, became Poison and came out of the sea to consume the universe. The gods and the demons all took themselves away, and only Hanuman and the bull remained with Siva. Hanuman told the great god (Maha- deva) to drink up the poison as it was his own creation and he alone was responsible for tackling it.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 259

3. Siva quaffed the poison and at once fell down as if dead. The gods sent Narada to inform Candi. She came weeping with her two boys.

4. Candi mourned piteously and wanted to burn herself alive (as suttee) with the body of her hnsband.

5. Candi lamented.

6. When the arrangements for the rite of sutteec were being completed Candi suddenly remembered that Manasa had given her a jewelled ring and had asked her to call her in if anything untoward would happen to Siva. The gods forthwith sent Narada to 11811258. When he came he found her seated in a mean hovel, wearing a tiger- skin as skirt.

7. Manasa lamented her father’s death.

8. She told Narada that she lacked proper dress for coming to the outside world, and she could come if only her stepmother would bring proper clothes for her. Candi had no love for her stepdaughter and she chose for the latter the coarsest and meanest bit of cloth from her wardrobe, but she found Manasa in all her majesty. Manasa humbled herself before her stepmother and took the piece of cloth from her. They hastened to the spot where Siva was lying dead. Manasa then told the gods the treatment she had received from her stepmother when they had first met, and showed them the picce of cloth Candi had now presented to her. The gods tried to pacify her, promising to do justice to her after she would have resuscitated her father. But Candi forgot herself and clenched her fists to give Manasa a blow. At this Manasa gave her a glance from her poison-eye, and the great goddess fell down senseless. Manasa now turned her attention to her father.

9. Manasa muttered mystic verses as antidote to the effect of poison.

10. As Manasa muttered the incantation poison began to come out of Siva’s mouth, and Manasa collected it in a gold platter. Some poison remained in his gullet, and this made Siva Blue-throated (Nilakantha) and Death-defying (Mrtyufijaya). On coming back to his senses Siva found his spouse stretched on the ground as if dead, and he mourned. Manasa now bronght her stepmother back to life by directing at her a glance from her reviving eye. She then distributed half of the poison to the snakes, scorpions and biting insects and kept the remainder in her (left) eye.

The gods now advised Siva to find a husband for his daughter. By his occult knowledge he came to know that the sage Jaratkara

260 MANASA-VIJAYA

(i.e. Jaratkaru) was the predestined husband of Manasa. Siva ap- proached him with the offer of the hand of his daughter in marriage.

11. Jaratkara would not like to give up austerities for the sake of married life. Siva assured him that he could do as he liked after the marriage.

12. The spirits of the ancestors of the sage also urged him to marry so that the continuity of their line would not be interrupted. Jaratkara gave his assent. The arrangements for the marriage were made.

13-14. The marriage ceremony (of course in the right Bengali style) is described.

15. At the same time Neto was married to the sage Vadsistha. On the 11] advice of Candi Manasa wore her snake-ornaments for the bridal night. Lying stiff with fear by his bride’s side Jaratkara could not sleep but Manasa was sleeping in peace. Then Candi threw a frog into the room, and the snakes all hissed together and darted towards the frog. This was too much for the sage. He ran out of the house and did not stop until he had plunged into the sea and found shelter in a conch. On waking Manasa did not find her husband by her side. She knew by her superior knowledge what had happened with Jaratkara. This was an unbearable humiliation and she wept.

16. She bewailed her fate before Neto.

17. Siva went out in search of his missing son-in-law and traced him at last within the depth of the sea. He turned himself into an osprey, circled over the spot where Jaratkara was lying hidden in a conch and gave a cry. At this the conch came up on the sur- face. The bird picked it up and brought it to land. The conch turned out the sage from within and Siva took him home. For some time the sage lived with his wife. He was allowed to leave her only after he had assured Manasa that a son would be born to her. Vasistha also did the same for his wife Neto. After some time the two girls conceived and in due time gave birth to two boys. Manasa’s son was given the name Astika (i.e. Astika, was sent to Vasuki for education and then came to live with his mother at Sijuya.

PALA Four

1. The puranic story of the curse of Pariksit is narrated.

2. Taksaka approached for a contest with Sanka (i.e. Sankha) Dhanvantari.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 261

3-4. The contest followed. Taksaka was defeated, but he bribed Dhanvantari so that he would not undertake to save Pariksit from snakebite. The king died (as narrated in Bhdgavata-purdna), and wa3 succeeded by his son Janmejaya (i.e. Janamejaya).

5. Janamejaya was hunting in a forest when he met a brahman engaged in killing snakes. On enquiry he found that the brahman’s son and wife had died from snakebite, and so he had sworn enmity with snakes. This put in an idea in the king’s mind. With the brahman as the main priest he would hold the snake-sacrifice that would wipe out the reptiles from the face of the earth, and this would be his retaliation for the death of his father.

6. The king ordered arrangement for the snake-sacrifice (sarpa- sattra)

7. Ihe arrangements are made.

8. The sacrificial session began in eclat. The serpent chief sought shelters in different quarters. The serpent Kali reported the matter to Manasa. Manasa was disturbed.

9. She called in Neto for advice, and on her advice she sent Astika to prevent anyhow the culmination of the sacrifice. Astika’s presence moved everybody and his personality persuaded Janamejaya to stop the final ritual. This saved the serpents that were still living. Astika’s success endeared him all the more to his mother and to the serpent folk.?

10. The real hero of the story, Cando the king of the happy city of Campaka, is now introduced. He had done extreme austerities and thereby had pleased Siva and Candi. Siva and his spouse appeared before him in person, and, as desired gave him the pouch of (तताः and the scarf of victory and revealed to him the Great Occult Secret (‘mahajfiana’). As soon as Siva touched him on the head a matted lock of ‘siddhi’ (i.e. of a Siddha) grew up. Cando became immortal and invincible. Before going away however Candi had succeeded in incalcating in his heart a deep hatred for Manasa.

11. Manasa was now keen on receiving homage in the world of men. She asked Neto to tell her the man who deserved to be her first worshipper. Neto mentioned Cando of the city of Campaka.

12. One day Manasa accompanied by Neto was out in her chariot to survey the world as was her wont. They saw some boys herding cattle in a meadow. Neto extolled the usefulness of cattle and the importance of cowherds and narrated the story of the humiliation of a sage that had lied to some cowhcrd boys.

St a a ee ee

1 Astika does not appear in the story any more.

262 MANASA-VIJAYA

13. Neto urged Manasa to come down and receive worship from the boys.

14. 12171258. became an old and doddering brahman woman, and coming up to the boys, begged some milk for breaking her ceremonial fast. The boys took her to be a witch and pelted stone at her. She then told them that she was Manasa the daughter of Siva. The boys demanded some evidence for this claim, and Manasa at once called in her serpents. The boys were now convinced of the mischievous intention of the old woman, and they rushed at her with cudgels. Manasa disappeared, but she made the cows fall into a boggy water- hole. The boys were in distress. All on a sudden they saw Manasa standing apart and smiling at them. The boys then fell at her feet. By Manasa’s might the most vicious and barren cow in the herd was milked in the wicker basket which Manasa was carrying as a handbag, and Manasa drank from it face down.

15. Satisfied with the drink of milk Manas& sat down under a tree and Neto came and took hcr seat on her left. She then told the boys the elaborate process of her worship and promised them welfare and prosperity if they would worship her. The boys did as they were told, and Manasa’s first ceremonial worship was done on the tenth day of the bright fortnight in the month of Jyaistha.

16. The goddess accepted their homage, gave them the blessing of prosperity, assured them immunity from snakebite, settled them there in that meadow, named it Rakhalagachi (literally, village of the Cowboys and the Tree) and ascended to heaven in her chariot.

The cowherd boys continued to worship Manasaé periodically, and the place of worship was the foot of a tree by the wayside to a tank. The Mohammedan chief Hasan and his brother Husen were the most influential landlord-farmer in that region. Some of his farm hands one day saw the boys doing this act of Hindu worship in a place verging on their dominion, and they were driven out from the place of worship by the boys engaged in Manasa worship. They at once reported the matter to Gora Miia the headman of the farm hands. Gora came there, scared away the boys and poked into the sacred pot of the deity. Manasa was watching him from heaven. She sent the smallest of her snakes, turned it into a gold bug and put it into the pot, all unseen by Gora. He found the bug, wanted to show it to his chief and tucked it in next to skin. The snake bit him hard and he fell down, and Manasa ordered the snake to liquidate the Turks (i.e. the Mohammedans) all and to spare only one to report back to Hasan.

17. The snake did as commanded.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 263

18. Out of the hundred farm hands only one, Bhandu, returned to inform the master. In the meanwhile the maidservants of Hasan’s harem came to fetch water from the tank and saw Manasa, disguised as an old brahman woman, standing by the sacred pot. They protested against idol worship in the month of fast and attacked the old lady. Manasa disappeared. The maidservants out of curiosity looked into the pot and found a nice gold bug. One of them took it up to show it to their mistress. The bug was the tiniest and deadliest snakes of Manasd, and it did away with six of the seven girls. Tagari same back to complain to Hasan.

19. Manasa riding her celestial chariot reconnoitred the city of Hasan and found the inhabitants, all Turks, occupied with their normal engagements.

20. Receiving the information from two independent sources Hasan ordered his forces to be ready for attack.

21. Hasan’s wife Campa Bibi tried hard to dissuade her husband from going counter to the will of the goddess of serpents. But he did not pay heed to her remonstrations. The unequal fight between the old brahman woman and the Mohammedan chief started and the latter was the worse for it.

22. The serpent host of Manasa took their position encircling the army of Hasan.

23-24. The serpents liquidated the Turks as they were occupicd in fighting or in their daily occupation.

PALA ण्ठ

1. Hasan mourned for his defeat and for the loss of his brother Husen.

2. Hasan suffered various indignities at the hand of Manasa, and even at the hand of Campa Bibi misguided by Manasa.

3. Campa Bibi mourned for the death of her maidservants and other Turks.

4-6. Manasa’s snakes continued dealing death to the Turks as they were still speaking ill of Manasa.

7. The snakes then infested the kitchen of Hasan, and Hasan and Campa Bibi were now compelled to submit to Manasa. They offered rough and ready homage to Manas& who appeared before them and commanded Hasan to instal her sacred pot made of gold in a temple and to start her worship in state. Hasan promised and received the blessing of the goddess,

264 MANASA-VIJAYA

8. <A rich temple was built for the worship of the sacred pot of the goddess.

9. The worship was performed in great eclat.

=

10. On the occasion of the sradk ceremony of his father Cando commissioned the fishermen brothers Jalu and Malu to fish in the river Gungari. When they were engaged in fishing, Manasa, in the guise of an old brahman woman, appeared on the other bank of the river and asked for help in crossing over to this side. The brothers refused as it would involve a delay in supplying fish to Cando. When she still insisted, pointing out her exhausted and helpless condition, Jalu and Malu lost their temper and accused her as a witch out for a drink of human blood. Manasa put forth her magic power, and the brothers could not catch a single fish for hours together. They then submitted to the old woman and took her to the other bank with great care. They had now a plenty of fish, and their last catch was a pair of Manasa’s sacred pots made of gold. Manasa then revealed herself, made a shower of gold on their fishing raft and in their homestead. Their mother came and took the pots home and worshipped them. The family soon became prosperous. One day as Cando’s wife Sanaka was going to the river for a ceremonial dip she passed by the residence of the fishermen brothers and heard the beating of cymbals and drums within. She first sent her maid there and then went in _ herself. Nichani, the mother of [लाप and Malu, received her with due respect.

11. On inquiry Sanaka learnt everything regarding the sacred pots and their worship.

12. Sanaka wanted the pots for herself, and Nichani was forced to part with them. Sanaka brought them home and started worship- ping them, with her six daughters-in-law. Servants informeé Cando of his wife’s this new activity. Cando was enraged on finding his wife worshipping the pots of a deity he hated most and he broke to pieces the sacred vessels with his irresistible ‘hematala’ staff. The mother of Jalu and Malu came and took away the broken pots. Manasa was helpless and she sought advice from Neto. The latter told her to strike at one of Cando’s most cherished possessions, his precious garden and plantation. Manasa set her serpent host that did havoc with the trees and plants. The keeper of the plantation informed his master. Cando came and by his occult power restored the plantation to its former glory. Manasa was defeatcd at this first round with Cando.

Neto was again consulted. She advised Manasa to pay a visit to Cando’s house, disguised as the youngest sister of his wife, and to take away his occult power by debauching him,

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 265

13. Manasa robed herself as a devastating beauty and came to the private ferry ghat of Cando’s harem.

14. She raised a lament as if her husband had left her there and decamped. Sanaka came there and asked her what the matter was. Manasa’s account of herself revealed to Sanaka that the helpless girl was her own sister. She was delighted and took the girl home. When they were relaxing Cando came and saw the girl and was smitten with love. Manasaé was no less willing. The lovers met and Cando lost his head completely and parted with his secret. Manasa at once snatched away his scarf of victory and tore off his matted hair and dis- appeared. Now (31005 plantation was again raised to the ground.

PALA SIX

1. Manasa appeared in her दढ form and with the naga orna- ments when Cando was sleeping and threated immediate revenge against him. On the imorning he consulted his fricnds regarding the implication of the dream. Jhey advised him to commission Sankha Dhanvantari, the greatest magic doctor, who could surely guarantee him safety from the attacks of the serpent goddess. Then they recounted the story of the great doctor’s victory over Sankha and his assumption of the name ‘Sankha Dhanvantar’:

On coming out of the sea, holding the cup of ambrosia Dhanvantari was congratulated by the gods and received the blessings of Brahma as the unrivalled physician and poison doctor. After a time Dhan- vantari heard that there was another great doctor (‘ojha’) named Sankha, who lived on Dhavala Hill. With his host of disciples Dhanvantari marched to Dhavala Hill and sat down under a tree on the bank of the river Hima, and he sent his challenge to Sankha. The latter soon came out with his retinue of disciples to meet the challenge. Before the contest began it was settled that if Dhanvantari would lose he would go down and live for ever in the nether region (patala), and if Sankha would be defeated he would give his daughter in marriage to Dhanvantari, would leave his territory and everything to him and dwell for ever in péia@la. Sankha then challenged Dhanvantari to dry up the river for any length of time. Dhanvantari put forth the drying magic (Suska-vadna), and in a moment the river- bed became a dry channel and fish and other animals in the river-water were all dead. Sankha attempted to bring them back to life but his magic was nullified by the more potent magic of Dhanvantari. Then Sankha tried another magic to fill up the stream but was frustrated by the counter magic agni-vaéna (‘fire arrow’) thrown by Dhanvantari. Sankha now admitted defeat and asked Dhanvantari to turn the river

34

266 MANASA-VIJAYA

into a running stream once again. By his great occult magic (maha- jnana, ‘Great Knowledge’) he did it in no time. Sankha kept his promise and went away to the nether region with his family and disciples. Dhanvantari prefixed the name of Sankha to his own and lived there happily and triumphantly with his wife Kamala, the daughter of Sankha.

Cando’s messenger brought Dhanvantari and his family to the city of Campaka. Cando told him his encounters with Manasa, the loss of his occult power and precious plantation, and the ugly dream. He wanted the doctor to restore the plantation. The doctor was taken to the place. He spread out his scarf of victory (‘jaya- neta’) and exerted the great magic force. In a moment the planta- tion was there in all its splendour. Cando heaped honour and wealth on Dhanvantari, and the great doctor with his wife and a hundred followers settled there.

2. Dhanvantari’s tiumph was too much for Manasa, but she was for the time being at least, impotent against the magical powers of the great doctor who sipped poison as water and could bring back to lite a body lying dead for six months. He rode in state in a palan- quin of कऽ, attended by a hundred disciples.

3. Neto told Manasa to take the guise of a flower-girl and to distribute poisoned flowers among the disciples of Dhanvantari.

4. Manasa turned herself into a charming flower-girl and walked the streets of the city of Campaka with her poisoned commodity.

5. She turned towards the residence of Sankha and coming to a shady tree on the roadside put up her stall there. The passers by were attracted by her person and her flowers, but she demanded such a high price tor the latter that they did not care to argue. Soon she took up her tray and moved on.

6. She came to a tank, and under the shade of a tree she sat down and waited. Soon came up the young disciples of Sankha. They wanted to buy her flowers, but the price demanded was pre- posterous, and in a mischicvous mood they took away the flowers without paying anything.

7. The poison now overcome them, and 2121258 got up and, weeping, met Sankha’who, accompanied by his chicf disciples Dhana and Mana, was coming that way. Manasa complained to him that her flowers were looted by some boys. Sankha promised to inquire and pay her recompense. Lcaving the girl there Sankha came to the tank and saw the boys lying dead. He then knew her to be Manasaé. With the help of his scarf worn as a turban (‘Sire jaya-neta chila’) he brought the boys back to life.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 267

8. The doctor reported to Cando this his encounter with Manasi, and Cando at once sent his men to seize the malevolent demoness. Manasa came to Neto and confessed defeat. Neto advised her to make a fresh attempt against the poison doctor. This time she was to become a girl selling curd and sour milk and to make friends with the wife of Dhanvantari.

9. 11871258. did as she was told.

10. She came to the door of Sankha’s house. His wife Kamala came out and was struck with the extreme good looks of the milkmaid. The price of sour milk and curd was exorbitant, and Kamala took her to task for demanding such a price. Manasa soon made friends with her, and Kamala took her in home. They, being namesakes, now pledged friendship.

11. Dhanvantari came home, saw his wife’s newly acquired friend and was stricken by her loveliness.

12. Manasii staged a rain-storm so that she could stay there for the night. She induced the doctor’s wife to get from Sankha the secret of his life and death.

13. In a foolish fit of love Dhanvantan told her that he would die only if his ‘jaya-neta’ (scarf of victory) and his siddhi-jhuli’ (pouch of success) were lost and if the snake Udayak4la could bite him at the chest he would dic. But if the herb S&li-bisali growing on the hill Gandhamadana or jf sea-foam could be applied in time he would come back to life.

14. When the couple was sleeping Manas stole his ‘jaya-neta’ and ‘siddhi-jhuli’ and had him mortally bitten by the snake.

15. The doctor’s wife bitterly regretted her indiscretion.

16. Kamali chanted to her husband the supreme incantation. But it did not work.

17. The doctor called in his chief disciples Dhané and Mana and sent them for the antidote from Gandhamadana. He warned them against any possible trickery from Manasa. When they were return- ing they met Manasaé disguised as an old brahman woman. She told them that the great doctor was no more. Dhanad and Mana threw away the herb and ran home weeping, only to find that their master was still living.

They were then sent out for sea-foam, and this time also Manasa was too much for them.

18. Dhanvantari submitted to his fate. But he would not

forget his promise to Cando, and he would give him protection from the serpents of Manasé even when dead. He enjoined Dhana

268 MANASA-VIJAYA

and Mana to cut his body into eight pieces and to bury the pieces deep in the eight corners of the territory of (2000 so that the serpents would not be able to come in and do any harm.

PALA SEVEN 1. Kamala bewailed her husband’s death.

2. Manasa took the form of an old brahman and persuaded Dhana and Mana from giving such a barbarous burial to the bodv of their guru in spite of his instruction. She told them to cut a bit from a little finger and bury it and to place the body on a raft made of banana stumps and set it adrift in the river. Thus, she suggested, there was a slender chance of the body being brought back to life if it would reach some occult doctor.

3. So it was done.

4. The serpent Udavakiala took charge of the raft and brought it down to Manas&. She resuscitated Dhanvantari, turned him into a ram and kept him by her side.

5. Manasdi now struck at the precious sandal tree in the inner apartments of Cando. Cando proclaimed covetable prizes for a person that would resuscitate the tree. Dhani and Mana possessed the occult knowledge of their guru, and Dhana wanted to secure the prizes. Mana warned his brother to have his ocult power tested before the attempt was made to revive the tree.

6. Dhanad made a successful test on a big tree, and the brothers then assumed the parapharnelia and pomp of a master doctor. But their mother did not like this rivalry with Manasa.

7. Notwithstanding their mother's protests Dhana and Mana approached Cando. Dhani resuscitated the tree and won the prizes. Cando once more felt secure from the wrath of Manasa.

Manasa and Neto then planned to do away with the young doctors. Manas&i becam2 a milkmaid and started for the house of Dhana and Mani.

8. Manasa met their mother who sold flowers. The goddess took some flowers without asking and smelled them. The mother protested, but easily succumbed to the personal charms of the milkmaid. The flower woman came to know that the milkmaid bore the same name as hers, 1९21218. And so a formal friendship (‘sahela’) was instituted between the two namesakes.

9. The brothers were returning from the court of Cando, and Manasa, who was on her way to have a dip in the river, set the smallest of her snakes (‘bighatiya’) in the dust. As Dhana stepped on it, it

THE POEM SUMMARIZED | 269

struck him mortally. He cried out in pain calling ‘‘Snake!’’ Mani kicked at the dust to find it out, and the snake bit him too.

10. The brothers lay dying in the dust. Manasi brought the sad news to Kajala. She came there and lamented. Manasa offered to try her hand in bringing them back to life provided Kajala would give them away to her. 1212318 at once agreed.

11. Manasa uttered an incantation and put in her yogic power, and life came back to the dead bodies. She then asked 1512185 permission to go away to her own place with Dhanéa and Mana.

12. Kajala begged Manasa to spare her one of her sons. but Manasa reminded her of the promise. On hearing that Cando was coming that way Manasa thought it wise not to prolong the parley. She took Dhand& and Mana to her chariot and disappeared.

13. Kajalaé was weeping for her sons when Cando came there. Cando had not much sympathy to her. He said that the One-cyed (‘Kani’, 1.९. Manasa) took possession of the two handsome boys of Kajala as she had fallen for them. Kaiala did not approve of Cando speaking il] of a goddess. She returned home. Manasa came to Sijuya and made the brothers her persona] attendants.

Then Manasa and Neto began to lay their plans for killing the sons of Cando.

P4rA Eicur

1. 2127888 called in her serpent host and demanded any one of them to come forward and volunteer to do awav with the six sons or Cando. She reminded them that Cando dared to defy her now only on the strength of his sons. The serpents replied that as Manasa herself could not face Cando in open conflict how could thev meet that terrible man. This reply angered the goddess and she threatened to take away their poison. The situation however was saved by Dhora, the least poisonous of the snakes, who offered to accept the commission if her chariot (literally, the chariot of Dhaimiai) was placed at his dis- posal. Manasa gladly agreed. Dhora started for Campaka-nagara. It was the first of the rainy months, and there was water every- where, gathered in pools or running in streams, and men were busy in laying fish-traps. Frogs were croakjing all round, and this was a temptation hard to resist. Dhora left the chariot and plunged into the flooding water. In search of more fish he ran into a stream and soon found himself into a fish-trap. He faced death at the hand of the ploughmen when the man who had laid the trap came to collect his catch.

2, Dhora was despaired of his life and prayed to Manasia.

240 MANASA-VIJTAYA

3. Taking the precarious chance of the ploughmen’s momentary inattention Dhora made his escape from the fishing cage and came back to Manasa with a frightened and remorseful heart. He reported that he could not achieve his object as Cando had tricked him into a cage and had tried his best to kill him. He could escape only with much ingenuity. Manas& easily saw through him. She gave him a few kicks and took away his dose of poison. The serpent thus made harmless was sent to the world of men.

Manasa was dejected at this foiling of her plan. This was noticed by the serpent (female) Kali, and she promised to kill the sons of “ando for her mistress. Manasa expressed her pleasure and grateful- ness. Kali took with her the spirits Good Thought (‘Subuddhi’), Bad Thought (‘Kubnddhi’), अल्ल) (‘Nidali’?) and Drowsiness (‘Ghumili’) and started at sunset for Cando’s citv. Reaching there quictly she came to the main living house and hid herself behind 3 rafter under the thatch. She watched from there the members of the family dine and get into their sleeping quarters. When the six boys had done so the serpent made herself ready for attack.

4. Kali went from room to room. The eldest boy Sarvananda she found sleeping bv his wife’s side. The next brother Purandara was playing at dice with his wife. The third brother Sundara was talking with his wife. The fourth brother Vidyananda was making love to his wife. The fifth brother Naravana was chewing betel. The youngest Janardana was resting peaccfully. The serpent felt pity for them and had not the heart to put in her fangs.

5. She set Sleep and Drowsiness to operate over the houschold and made an attempt to strike the bovs. The innocent looks of the boys weakened her. She then thought of an indirect wav. She took herself to the kitchen and put poison in the boiled rice that was left over. It then struck her that the food left over was likely to be eaten by the servants and not by the boys, and it would be ashame. So in the morning she set Bad Thought to the six boys as they were about to go to school. It made them think of having breakfast before going to school. They came to their mother and asked for breakfast. She told her daughters-in-law to have their bath and then serve cold rice to the ` boys. The boys then had their bath and change of dress: When they were served with food they found it discoloured. They told the mother about it, and she, possessed by Bad Thought, did not inquire but gave the offhand reply that it was perhaps dish-water that was responsible for the discolour. One of the brothers proposed to test the food before consuming it, but the others would not hear of it as they had never questioned their mother’s word. Sarvananda, the eldest, asked his brothers to eat at once and without demmr so that

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 271 good or bad they would have the same fate. They ate and soon began to feel the effects of the poison. Seeing the movements and the condi- tion of her sons Sanaka became alarmed. The boys looked at her and wept.

6. Ihe death struggle of the boys was mistaken for boyish pranks by their child wives and they felt amused. Kut Sanaka realised the seriousness. She applied remedies which only aggravated the effect of the poison, and the boys died.

7-8. Sanaka lamented. Her maid informed Cando of the calamity. He came and wept. He was convinced that his boys had been taken away by the Onc-eyed. Sanaka protested, and Cando consoled her by saying that they might very well get a son every couple of years so that the loss could be compensated in twelve years.

Cando ordered river-burial for the dead bodjes as they now belonged not to him but to the One-eyed. His priests and coun- cillors advised him not to do so but to cremate according to the custom. Cando taunted the priest for this suggestion, and he would never allow the smoke of the burning of the victims ot the One-eyed hanging over his city as a banner of her triumph. By his order tloating crates were made of plantain stumps ; therein the dead bodies were placed in statc, and the crates were set adrift in the waters of the Gubigari. The serpent Kali soon took charge of the crates and steered them to the domain of Manasa. Manasa was pleased, and she kept the dead bodies with care.

For the next move Manasa consulted Neto, and the latter advised her to go to Indra and recruit from him, for a period, his dancing couple Aniruddha and Usa. They would be born in the mortal world respectively as Lakhai the youngest son of Cando and Behula the future wife of Lakhai. Then Cando would be sent to a distant part for trading and brought back home after a great deal of trials and hardships. Manasa would contrive to have Lakhai snake-bitten on the bridal night, and with his dead body Behula would make her river journey to the city of the Immortals. Her husband would be brought back to life along with his brothers, and they would return home in _tnumph. Getting back his lost sons Cando would certainly bow down to the goddess. Manasa approved heartily this final plan of Neto.

9. Manasa disguised as Siva appeared to Cando when he was dreaming.

10. She, as Siva, expressed her sympathy for the calamity and advised him to go out on a trading voyage to ‘Anupama Patana’ (literally, the matchless port), where the (Siva) would once agajn teach him the Great Occult Secret (‘mahajiiina’) so that he (Cando) could

2972 MANASA-VIJAYA

get back homme with Dhanvantari, Dhana, Mana and his six sons alive as well as with immense wealth.

On the morning Cando told his friends and courtiers of his dream _and expressed his desire to ge out on a trading voyage to Anupama Patana. 1116 friends and tollowers did not approve of the idea as they had never known a king going on a trading voyage. Sanaka also argued against the voyage.

Meanwhile Manasa started for Indra’s domain.

11. Manasa came to the resplendent court of Indra.

12. Manasa was welcomed and asked the reason of her visit. She said what she wanted. Indra was not at first willing to part with his courtier Aniruddha. But Manasa would have none else. Aniruddha was called in and asked to give a dance demonstration. As he was doing so a slight discord in the dance measure happened. This caused Indra’s displeasure, and he was at once sentenced to a term of mortal life.

13. Manasa quickly took hold of Aniruddha by the hand, and at this his wife Usa fell at her feet and tried to make her relent.

14. Usa told Manasa her early history ; she was the daughter of Bana and the wife of Krsna’s grandson.

15. Manasa told her earlier history and said that this was to be her final experience in the world of men. She briefly sketched the part she was going to play as Behula the wife of Lakhai and daughter-in-law of Cando.

Kama, Aniruddha’s father, heard of his son’s sentence and came there in all haste.

16. Kama appealed to Manasa to let go his son.

17. Manasa firmly refused. Usa took leave of her friends and made her final appeal to Indra. Indra did not look up at her. Manasa took the couple to Mandara Hill. Then Usa exacted this promise from Manasa: she would retain the memory of her life in heaven, and Manasa would appear to her whenever invoked. Aniruddha and Usa gave up their life which Manasa took away to the world of men. The soul of Aniruddha she put into the womb of Sanaka.

When Sanaka was carrying for five months Cando made ready to start on the voyage. He called in his men and asked them to administer his dominions properly and to look after the comforts of their mistress Sanaka.

18. Sanaka tried her best to dissuade her husband from the voyage. It was, she said, a senseless move. If he must go he should first make peace with 2127258.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 273

19. Cando pooh-poohed her. He was sure of complete protec- tion from Father Siva. He then commanded his captain Durlabha to take out the hulls of his old boats that were kept under water of the Gungari and to make them seaworthy. That was done and the boats were loaded with cargo. This included cocoanut, linnen and cotton woven stuff, dried leaves of bitter plants, ripe pumpkin, various spices, oil, ghee, lentils and peas and rice enough for the journey. An astrologer was consulted for an auspicious day of starting.

20. When Cando was going to embark Sanaka reminded him that she was carrying for five months and wanted to have a record of the fact from her husband.* Cando told her to name the child Laksindara if male, and Jayamala if female, and he wrote her a memorandum as requested.

As he was just leaving his house amidst auspicious performances and demonstrations there was an inauspicious interruption: some one sneezed and a house lizard ticked. Sanaka felt depressed. Cando, his captain and crew came aboard. The start was to be made early on the morrow.

PALA NINE

1. On the morning Sanaka with attendants came to Ramesgvara Ghat where the boats were anchored. She performed auspicious rites for the start, and with folded palms she appealed to her husband to change his attitude to Manas&. She requested the boatmen to sce that their master did not commit any offence to Manasa. Tears streamed down her cheeks.

2. Then animal offerings were made to Gandhesvari the presid- ing deity of Cando’s family. Bidding adieu to Sanaka Cando started, the boat Madhukara leading. Then started, one by one, the six remain- ing boats—Sarvataya, Jagaddala, Sumangala, Navaratna, Citra- rekha and Sasimukhi. Sailing down the Dharma Canal (Dharma- khana) the boats entered the Ajaya. Passing by Ujavanmi (Ujani) they came to the river Siva and to the Sarai (४.1. Sakhai). Sailing by Ujani and Katwa the boats anchored by Indra Ghat. Cando and his men made offerings there at the sanctuary of Indra’s footprint. Leaving Indrani they came to Nadiad, and further down the boats stopped at Ambua. They had their meal and passed the night there. On the morning they started, and passing by Phuliya, Hatikanda, Guptipara and Singarapura they called it a day at Triveni.

3. Cando was delighted to visit Triveni. He did the usual religious observances befitting a pilgrim of his standing, and then went for sight-seeing. Men there were all well-to-do and happy. There

35

274 MANASA-VIJAYA

were rich temples and palatial residences. There were many classes of Mohammedans who were devoted to their religion.

4. Two or three days were passed at Triveni, and the boats once again set sail. They passed by these places on the river: Kumara- hatta, Hooghly (right) and Bhatapara (left), Boro (right) and Kanki- nara (left), Mulajora and GaArulivya, Paikapara and Bhadregvara (right), Campadani (right) and Ichapur (left). Passing by Bankibazar on the left Cando came to Diganga. Te made his best offerings at Nimai Tirtha (literally, the sacred site of the Nim trec), and he saw China roses blossoming on the Nim tree. Passing down by Canaka he came to the land of the Buranivai and then passed by 287६. and 21211658. Bowing his head at the holy place Kharadaha Cando urged the boatmen to row faster. They passed by Risira (right), Sukacara (left), Konnagar (right), Kotaranga (right), Kamarahati (left), Amriya- daha (left) and Ghusuri (right). At Citrapura Cando worshipped the local deity Sarvamangala. He passed by Kalikata (Calcutta) on the east bank and stopped at Betara on the west. He worshipped the local deity Candi, and they had their meal there. Then they quickly passed by Dhananda and stopped for a time at Kalighata where Cando worshipped Kali. They passed by Ciraighata, Dhanasthadna and Baruipura. At this time Manasa made a move.

5. At Kalidaha she had her temple built by the divine architect Vig§vakarma. It was 8 splendid structure and richly furnished and guarded by her serpent army. Whcn Cando’s boats came along the goddess took her station on a blooming lotus, surrounded by her hooded and hissing 21245. Manasa expected that Cando would not now dare to slight her.

Cando saw from afar the flag on the spire of the tall temple, and he mistook Manasa’s maga host to be a cloud-bank about to burst over them. |

6. The captain of the boats pointed it out as the domain of Manasa, and he requested his chicf to pay homage to the goddess. Cando was impressed with the show but he thought it beneath dignity to submit now to one whom he had been always despising. At the worst she could only take his life. To the captain he replied that he would prefer to fight against her as death in battle ensured dwelling in heaven. The king then, with his two hands, took hold of his palmyra staff, took his stand on the cabin deck and gave out a terrific roar. This demoralised the serpents and they ran away pell-mell. Manasa and Neto were obliged to retire to Sijuya.

Cando came ashore, shattered the sacred pot of Manasa with his palmyra staff and loaded his boats with the precious things from the temple which he took care to pull down. The boats started with bands

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 275

playing and the men singing. A short cut was made through Huliya Channel, and they came to anchor at Chatrabhoga. Cando performed there the rites of pilgrimage, and before starting the tanks were filled with water from Vadarika Spring. They came to Hathiyagarha where the river forked into a hundred branches. They stopped at the place where the stream ran in four channels. Cando worshipped with devo- tion the local deity Sanketa-madhava and did other rites prescribed for pilgrims. Leaving that place the boats soon came to the open sea, and there was no stoppage for days unending. There were birds of prey devoured men from the cabin deck. There was land of the canni- balistic Kiratas, and also the lands inhabited by horse-faced, elephant- faced or one-legged men. The boats had to avoid the land of the monster crabs. They came to Hadiya Pool where land was not visible on any side. They had to negotiate through Leach Pool and Snake Pool, and they had good catch of cowries and conch-shells when sailing by Cowrie Pool and Conch Pool. Then they passed by Manasa Pool and Lion Pool and saw land ahead. Cando asked the captain the name of the land.

7. The captain told him that it was their destination, Anupama Patana. With bands playing the seven boats came to port, and Cando disembarked. The king of the country, on hearing the arrival of the boats, summoned Cando to his court. Cando took costly presents for the king and riding a palanquin saw the city of rich palaces and of handsome men and women and came to the palace gate. There he got down from the vehicle, walked up to the court, greeted the king and took his seat. The king asked his name and whereabouts. Cando introduced himself.

8. Cando then gave a short account of his voyage. Here he inentioned that before coming to port he had passed by Simhala where beautiful women (‘padmini) were born and where men were clever all- round.

9. The king dismissed him for the day and told him to see the city and come next day for business talk.” Cando returned to his boat. On the next morning Cando got ready for the day, and riding a palan- quin had some sight-seeing and then came to the king. The king and Cando came to the boats, and Cando offered his own terms of exchange, such as right-grooved conch-shell for cocoanut, gold for turmeric, silk and woollen stuff for rough textiles, china bowl for ripe pumpkin, horse and elephant for sheep, pearl for rice, and so on. The king accepted, and the exchange was soon completed. This barter was satis- factory to both parties, and under the delusion of Manasa (1.6. expect- ing Mahajzana from Siva) Cando continued staying in Anupama Patana. |

276 MANASA-VIJAYA

PALA TEN

1. The scene is shifted to Campaka-nagara. Sanaka was about to be delivered of the child. The ladies of the household served her with palatable dishes.

2. The moment of delivery approached.

3. Lakhai was born and the usual rites at birth and those on the sixth, eighth, ninth, thirtieth and thirty-first days were held. When the child was six months old the ceremony of rice-eating was performed with great eclat.

4. The ceremony of piercing the car-lobes (karnavedha) was done when the child was three years old. Now Behula is born of Sumitra by Sahe the merchant at Ujani.

5. Lakhai was growing up a fine boy, playing the various games with his mates. When he was five or six years old he was initiated in the art of writing and reading. When he had acquired the ‘elements of grammar he was sent to the school of their family priest, Somai Pandita, and there he read grammar, literature, drama, rhetoric, lexicon, astrology and the Puranas.

6. When his education was complcte he was placed formally in charge of the state.

In the meantime Manasa was worried at Cando’s not thinking of returning home. Neto told her to approach Cando, as Sanaka, in a

dream.

7. Cando dreamt that Sanaka was jn great distress, as during his long absence his state had come to ruin.

8. Cando woke up, and he spoke to his captain of the dream. He would set sail that very morning.

9. In the morning Cando took leave of the king who bestowed suitable gifts on him and his men. The king came with him to the port and the seven boats set sail for home. There was no hitch until the boats sailed into Kalidaha.

10. Manasa brought about a cyclonic storm there. Cando~told the captain to drop anchor.

11. The captain advised him to submit to Manasa, but he would not ; he could, at the worst, die. Manasa then asked Hanuman to sink the boats one by one. That was done. The boats with crew and cargo were taken down to the territory of Varuna who kept them in safe- custody. Cando however found himself in deep water, tossed by the storm, bitten by sharks, but he was still grasping his palmyra staff. Manasa felt pity for him and threw down a pillow. Cando caught it

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 297

for safety, but finding the name of Manasa written on it, at once kicked it away. Manasa then sent Dhamai who took away the palmyra staff. Then she sent down to Cando a raft also bearing her name. Cando would have to do nothing with it and he spat at the name of the goddess. When Cando’s life was in real danger Manasa beckoned to the storm and the waves, and Cando was cast ashore. He was thoroughly exhausted.

12. Cando bemoaned his fate.

13. Manasa appeared before him as a young married lady carry- ing a pitcher in her arms and wanted to know why a man of such aristocratic looks was lying in so wretched a condition. Cando briefly told his tale. The woman had no pity for him as he had referred to Manasa as the One-eyed. She however advised him to worship the goddess, but the man would not hear of it. She then told him to Grape himself with the cast off rags of the dead and to walk on with the help of a bilua (wood apple) branch as staff. There was no other way of coming to the habitation of men, and he was looking a perfect ghost. For a living he was collecting dry bits of wood, when Manasa bade her serpents to turn themselves into sticks and be collected by Cando. Lhe load was too heavy for the worn out fellow, and instructed by Manasa Dhamai came up as a man and helped him take it up on his head. Cando somehow made his way into the nearest locality, and he offered the wood toa potter for a paltry sum. The potter agreed, but Cando dropped his load on some clay pots. The potter was angry and gave him a thrashing, but his wife took pity on the poor old man and paid him the price. He then came to the quarter of weavers and wanted to buy cloth for the few cowries he had obtained from the potter’s wife. The weavers were disgusted and threw him out of their door. In the meanwhile the sticks had become snakes as they were really, and the potter and his son were convinced that the wood-gatherer was a mischievous snake-charmer. They ran out and met Cando in the quarter of weavers, and Cando had to experience further indignities. Hungry, thirsty and weak, Cando returned to the riverside and wept.

Manasa again approached him, as a woman on her way to fetch water, and questioned him. He nartated his misfortunes and indig- nities brought about by the One-eyed Manasa. The woman directed him to gather banana skins lying about there and to subsist on them. This was another unexpected cruelty of fate.

14. At Cando’s hesitation the woman consoled him with some old stories from the Puranas.

15. Cando gathered some banana skins, and was about to make offering to his god Siva, before eating them.

208 MANASA-VIJAYA

16. Manasa could not bear her father being offered thrown away banana skins by his divotee. She sent a cow that quickly made a feast of it. Cando at once knew it to be an act of Manasa. He moved on and fell into a लऽ net. The fowlers, at the loss of their catch, took Cando to task. They told him to get away at once and then they uttered an invocation to the birds to come all together and fall into the net. Under the influence of Bad Thought directed by Manasa Cando repeated the incantation, and it was heard by a gang of robbers passing by. They took it to be meant for them, and they wanted to kill the old man on the spot. (2110018 entreatics moved the leader of the gang, and he ordered hjs men to let him go and bring another. Cando repeated the order of the leader, and it was heard by men who have come to cremate the body of a brahman boy. They fell foul of Cando for uttering such words and said that such burning was never continuous. Cando, still under the influence of Bad Thought repeated aloud that such burning be continuous. It so happened that a house in the village was then on fire. The villagers gave him a good thrashing and turned him away to a distance.

Now Manasa appeared as a brahman, and taking pity on him she asked him to accept hospitality in the house of a neighbouring brahman family.

17. Manasai showed him the way to the brahman’s house and went away. Cando came in and offered his services as a head plough- man for three meals a day, four pieces of cloth a year and a rupee per month. The brahman was sorry for the man, and made him take a bath, wear clean clothes and eat a hearty meal. Then he gave a pair of clippers and a rain-hat, took him to his best field and set him to do weeding. Some time later a passer by, admiring the growth of crop in the field, happened to mention the name of Visahari (1.6. Manasa). This made Cando see red, and he began to weed out crop instead of grass. The brahman came and saw this ; he took away the clipper, the hat and two pieces of cloth he had given him. At Cando’s pleadings he relented somewhat, and Cando was appointed to tend cattle for three meals a day and one piece of cloth a year.

For two or three days Cando did his job in peace, and then Manasa set Bad Thought to him. He let his cattle graze into a green rice field. The householder saw this, and after a good thrashing he took away the cloth.

Cando was not long on the road when he found himself sur- rounded by five serpents (दद) in the guise of unknown dervishes, behaving as men drunk and fuddled. Cando was in a pretty fix.

18. The dervishes welcomed the coming of a Hindu in their

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 279

territory. One of them asked him to put on a cap and come with them and go begging together. Another offered him tainted rice. The third was about to spit out foul water at him. The fourth, the worse for drink, struck Cando on the head with 9 leather-bound staff. The remaining dervish was about to put a cap on his head, and Cando shrank back uttering the name of Siva. The dervishes took exception to the name of a heathen god, and they urged him to take the name of “‘paygambar’ (the messiah) instead. Cando wept piteously, and the dervishes disappeared. Cando quickened his steps.

Cando’s boat sank at Kalidaha ; he came to land at Baruipur and sold there the load of sticks and twigs; at Cautala he picked up banana skins, and met the fowlers on the riverside there. He met the robbers at Kalighat, saw the cremation of the brahman bov at Mahes and the village conflagration at Diganga. At Hooghly he _ tended cattle for the brahman, and met the derivishes at Triveni. From there he came to the territory of his friend Candraketu. He went up to the king’s residence and the two friends met after a long time. Cando was taken indoors and suitably taken care of.

19. Cando recounted his adventures.

20. As he was dining with his friend Cando noticed > sacred pot of Manasa in the hall. He came out and belched out the food he had taken there. He would start for home then and there, but his friend persuaded him to stay for the night.

PALA ELEVEN

1. 2171070 started for home carly in the morning, but going some distance he came under the influence of Bad Thought and dismissed the men and equipment lent by the friend. He again wore the filthy rag and carried the bilva staff and proceed homeward. In the evening he saw a drove of cattle going home. The cattle shied at him and the cowherd boys took him to be a bogy and sct up a row. There was a stir in the town, and Lakhai, the young ruler, made a proclamation asking the people to beware of the bogy that had invaded the town.

Cando led cautious steps to the house of Kajala the flower-woman, which was nearest on his way. |

2. Cando spoke to Kajala behind the doors.

3. Kajala took him to be the bogy. and, afraid of her 1116, she throw at him blazing fire. Cadndo then hid himself in a plantain grove in the grounds of his own house. Jhauya the maid then came there to get some plantain Jeaves, and she took him to be the bogy. She told Sanaka, and the grove was at once surrounded to hunt out the

280 MANASA-VIJAYA

bogy. This was perhaps the cruellest mortification for Cando: nobody would know him to be the king but would destroy him at once. Then it occurred to him that his wife would certainly recog- nise him. He came outside her room and spoke to her. For identi- fication he showed his six teeth worked in gold. Sanaka, in trepidi- tion, held up the lamp and recognised him. Unknown to others she got him in and did all that was needed. When he was resting in bed Lakhindar came and bowed low to him. He asked his wife whose boy he was.

4. Sanaka then introduced Lakhai their own son ; and the king was overjoyed. He then passed the night in narrating his adventures to his wife. On the morning Cando called his kinsmen and asked them to find a suitable match for his son. The kinsmen took time for thinking over.

5. Cdando’s kinsmen, that had girls to marry, consulted their wives, and as they knew that Cando’s son would die on _ the bridal night, they thought it best to go away from Cando’s jurisdiction. Cando was distressed to know of this.

Now Manasa, becoming an aunt of Sanaka, came to pay her a visit and told her that Behula the daughter of the merchant 980८ at Ujani would be a perfect match for Lakhindar. Sanaka mentioned it to her husband, and he soon started for Ujani, accompanied by the priest and councillors.

They came to Golata and stopped for rest on the bank of Pearl Lake. At this time Behula and her fnends had come there to bathe.

6. The girl got into the lake and sported in the water.

7. Manasa took the euise of an old, deformed and _ ill-clad brahman woman carrving a weaver’s basket, came there and sat near by, and it chanced that Behula’s frolics in the water scattered a few drops on the old woman.

8. The old woman felt insulted and put the curse on the girl that her husband would die of snakebite on the bridal night. Behula, knowing herself to be favoured by Manasa, did not care, and the two, quarrelling, went to Ganga. Ganga supported Behula and gave her conch-shell bangles and vermillion as token of her future husband’s long life. When Behuli was coming back Cando saw her and _ told his priest to follow her home.

9. (2710608 priest told Sahe (Behula’s father) that Cando the king of Campaka-nagara would be delighted to have Behula as the wife of his son. Sdhe sent his six sons to persuade Cando to accept his hospitality. |

10. Cando came to Sahe’s place, Sahe favoured the pro-

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 281

posal but his wife was not enthusiastic, and the two were still arguing over the question when Behula came there. Behula made peace between her parents by indicating her willingness to marry the son of Cando. The marriage was settled and the day fixed. Sahe then asked Cando to take some food in his house. Cando hesitated ; he said that as an antidote to an affliction of salt water he had contracted in Patana he took as a regular item of food boiled globules of iron. Sahe got some such globules made by a smith and asked his wife to boil them tender. Sumitra, Behula’s mother, tried hard but could not succeed.

11. Behula found her mother weeping and asked her why she was so much distressed.

12. On hearing the reason Behula offered to do the feat, and it was soon done. Cando ate his meal heartily and passed the night pleasantly. The next day he returned home. He told Sanaka not to worry for their son’s life as he was going to erect a sealed chamber of steel up on Satali Hill, for the young couple to pass their bridal night. Cando made himself busy in the preparation for his son’s marriage.

JAGARANA (PALA TWELVE)

1. Ignoring bad omens Cando started building the sealed chamber. When it was about to be finished Manaséi appeared before the architect and made him, by threat, leave a _ hair-breadth hole in a wall of the chamber. On the work being completed to his satis- faction Cando paid the architect and his assistants much more than they had expected.

2. The invited guests came from all quarters, with heavy loads of costly presents. Cando sent men with sumptuous presents to Sahe for the preliminary rite to be performed at the bride’s place.

3. The preliminary rite is described.

4. The corresponding rite at the bridegroom’s place is described.

5. The day of marriage dawned, and Cando performed the ceremony Vyddhisraddha.

6-7. Sanaka performed the usual mtes with other married women invited for the occasion.

8. Lakhindar put on his bridal robes.

9. Lakhindar started for the bride’s home.

10. Cando, his friends and followers, and guests invited or un- invited started in procession with the bridegroom.

30

282 MANASA-VIJAYA 11. The pomp and pageantry of the procession is described. A village fool made a diversion on the way.

12. Manasa sent her serpent-clouds and the marriage procession was scattered.

13. When the storm had passed over the party assembled again and soon reached Ujani. Coming to the door of Sahe's house the party found a big and heavy bell of steel and a ram made of the same stuff blocking the way in. Cando tried to push the bell away but he could not do so. Lakhindar came forward, took up of the bell and broke it into pieces, and he tore off the head of the iron ram. The sons of Sahe become frightened but were reassured by their father.

Behula had a ceremonial walk through the town and worshipped Manasa (at a particular tree on the outskirts of the town). At Behula’s prayer Manas&é gave her an exquisite bodice richly embroidered by ViSvakarma.

14. The designs and patterns of the needle work are described. Kehula invited the goddess to come and see the marriage celebration. She returned home and the celebration started.

15. The women assembled admired the looks of Lakhindar and some of them deprecated their own match.

16. Behula, resplendent in her bridal robes, sat down on her appointed seat and the ceremony started. Manasa took her stand in the air to witness it. Lakhindar chanced to look upward and saw Manasa. He was struck with terror and fell down senseless.

17. Lament rose all round, and Cando was inconsolable. Behula did not lose head. She slipped away quietly and went up again to the sacred tree standing in Manasa’s Park.

18. She wept pitecously and supplicated to Manasa for her husband’s recovery. She was determined to end her life then and there if the goddess would not come to her help.

19. Behula was about to put a razor in her throat when the goddess appeared before her and intervened. Manasa gave Behula a golden pot containing potent water and sent her back home. She sprinkled some water on her husband’s inert body and he came round at once.

20. The people were overjoyed, and Cando, not knowing how his son was brought back to life, spoke ill of Manas.

21. The ceremony of Flower Canopy (‘puspera chayani’) was gone through.

22. Sahe formally joined the hands of his daughter and Lakhindar and bestowed on them gifts galore.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 283

23. WLakhindar dinec and retired to bed. Soon Behula joined him. She had taken with her a pair of pincers and a lidded basket of wicker-work.

Manasa and Neto counselled together and sent forth a snake to bite Lakhindar. Behula was on the alert ; she put before the snake a cup of milk. As it was drinking the milk she caught it bv the head with the pincers and put it securely in the basket. She trapped three other snakes in the same manner. When Manasa came to inquire for the fate of the snakes Behula released them.

24. It was now daybreak, and Lakhindar woke up. He asked Behula to come with him to his home. Behula came to her parents to tell them of her husband’s proposal.

25. The party started smoothly and, passing by Pearl Lake and Phulota Town, reached home. Sanaka welcomed the _ bride. At night the couple were led to the sealed chamber. Behula warned her husband to be alert for Manasa’s snakes.

26. Presently Lakhindar felt hungry and asked Behula to cook him some food. Behul& protested at his absurd whim. But Lakhindar insisted, and Behul§ had to acquiesce. She took the few prain of rice from the ceremonial pot of luck (‘mangaliya hand’), broke open a cocoanut and put the grains in it and put it to boil by burning the bits from a piece of cloth soaked in ghee from the lamp. Lakhindar was satisfied with the meal and urged Behula to partake of the left over. But she would not.

27. Lakhindar was now fully aware of Behula’s charms and wanted to make love to her.

28. Behuld entreated him to desist as it was not done on the bridal night. Lakhindar was persuaded to keep quiet but he was dis- pleased with his bride. He lay himself down for sleep.

Outside the chamber Cando had placed a strong guard of armed men as well as occult doctors, and had put himself in command, armed with the palmyra staff.

Now Manasa and Neto commissioned the snake Kali to get into the chamber and bite the youngman. Kali would not dare go alone. So Manasa collected Sleep and Drowsiness and accompanied Kali to a distance (overhead) from the chamber. The snake insinuated into the chamber through the tiny hole left by the architect. She found the couple sound asleep.

29. The snake felt pity for Lakhindar and his parents and she did not like her job. But she remembered Manasa’s strictures

284 MANASA-VIJAYA

and bit at a small toe of the bridegroom. The stab of pain wakened Lakhindar, and Behul§ also woke up at once. She saw the snake escaping and had the time to cut off the tip of her tail.

30. Lakhindar bemoaned his fate.

31. Behula took her husband in her arms and wept with him. Takhindar succumbed soon.

32. When Behula came to know that her husmand was no more she set up a loud lament.

33. Behula’s lament assured Manasa of her success, and she departed with her agents. The author makes a comment here: ‘when a sage dies he goes to the sun, but a snakebite victim becomes a serpent and goes to the domain of Manasa.’

The guards, unwilling to face Cando’s wrath, made themsclves scarce. Behula’s cries were heard by Sanakaé and she sent her maid to inquire. The tragic news was now out. Cando, brokenhearted, followed his distracted wife into the steel chamber.

34. Sanaka lamented piteonsly. 35. Cando lamented and put the blame on Manasé.

36. Cando tried to console his wife by saying that they would have no longer anything to fear from the One-eved. Sanaka took exception to her husband’s attitude and held him responsible for all her calamities. Behuld now joined with her mother-in-law in con- demning Cando for his unequal rivalry with the goddess. She then begged him to do a little thing for her dead husband. She asked him to build her a riverworthy crate that would carry her and the bodv of her husband to Manasé. She hoped to return with her husband brought back to life, and she supposed that Cando perhaps would not then refuse to pay his homage to the goddess. (31005 heart was softened and forthwith he had a nice crate built.

37. Before starting Behuli left, in the care of his mother-in- law, two omens for her safe and successful return. She lighted a earthen lamp with a few drops of oil and it would burn steadily for six months, and she sowed some boiled turmeric and rice in a corner of the vard and they would sprout—indicating that Lakhindar would come back alive.

Cando argued with her not to make the foolhardy journey. He assured her every comfort at his home. Behul4 told him an old tale of a loyal wife who had brought back his dead husband to life, and she expressed her determination to do the same. TLakhnidar’s body was then nchly draped and put in the crate,

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 285 38. Behula took leave of Sanaka in a moving manner, got into the crate and took charge of the body of her husband.

39. The vessel started down the Gungari. Sanakai lamented, and people on the two sides of the river were looking on sorrowfully.

40. Manasa& turned herself into a crow and perched on the vessel. Manasa asked her to take her message to her parents at Ujani. The crow at first demurred and then aereed.

41. Behula gave the crow her ring to convince her parents of the genuineness of the message. Sumitra sent her six sons to meet the crate when it came down near the village. TBehulaé saw her brothers approaching and talked to them from the vesscl.

42. Behul& made her excuses, told them of her determination and drifted away unti] she arrived at a turn of the river where Dhana- pula had his station. Dhana-pula stopped the vessel.

43. PBehula told him her sorrowful story.

44. Dhana-pulé let her go in peace. At the next turn of the river a vicious man, old and ugly, stopped her, and, hearing her story, claimed his relationship with Cando and wanted to take her to his home. Behuli would not do so, and the man at last Iet her go.

The vessel] then came to a turn of the river where there were some notorious gamblers. They saw the rich vessel and thought it to be a pretty loot. Behula repeated her facts, but they would like to possess her as well as the vessel. She however threatened dire consequence for them if thev dared touch her or the vessel, and gave them some gold for gambling. They went back satisfied.

Behula then came to the Anglers’ Turn where she met a cripple, hunchback and filthv, angling in the river. He fell in love with Behula and would take her home forcibly. Behnula put a curse on him and he was rendered helpless. Taking pity on him Behul4 withdrew the curse and was allowed to drift away in peace. At the next turn vultures fell upon the decomposed body, and Behula escaped from them with great difficulty. Then the vessel tonched the Tiger Turn.

45. A ferocious tiger was about to attack the vessel. Behula invoked the help of Manasa, and the tiger was removed.

46. Behula was assured by the voice of Manasi who remained invisible, and she rowed the vessel midstream. After some hard rowing she entered the river channel] that passed by Canaka. That place was infested by Buraniyas who moved about in the immaculate garb of holy men but robbed and killed whenever they could. They now saw the vessel floating by and took possession of it. Behula entreated to let her go but they would not listen to her. She then

286 MANASA-VIJAYA

“mentally appealed to Manasé. The goddess made the robbers sight- less and pushed the vessel with her toe. The vessel gradually came to Caumukha, and there was nothing but water all around. Behul§ 1051 her bearings and wept. Manasa felt pity and sent Neto to fetch her.

Neto became a washerwoman and came there with her son and a bag of dirty clothes to wash. She put her son to death and did her washing. Then she resuscitated the child and was about to go away with the clothes when Behul4 fell at her feet and recounted her sorrowful tale. She begged Neto to direct her to the domain of Manasa. Neto told her to follow her, and they came to the citv of the gods, Sijuya.

47. The charms of Sijuyai are described. Behuli came to the court of Indra and made a demonstration of dance.

48. Siva was charmed and made love to Behula. Behula was dismayed and angry too.

49. Behula told Siva what a shame it was that he would court her.

50. She excited his pity by her storv, and Siva sent Narada to bring Manasa there. Siva mildly reproved her for taking the life of Lakhindar on the bridal night. Manasa disclaimed any knowledge of the affair. Behula contradicted her and produced as evidence the tip of Kali’s tail she had cut off. She then tried to excite pity in १1317885 "5 heart.

51. Now Manasa narrated her indignities from Cando in each of the twelve months in a year: In Vaisakha Sanakaé was worshipping her sacred pot when Cando came and broke it into pieces and called her bad names. In Jaistha people evervwhere installed the goddess as a queen, but Cando never ceased speaking ill of her. In Asaédha Manasa came to Cando as his sister-in-law, and she destroyed his plantation and stole away his occult knowledge. She went in as a milkmaid and friend (of Kamala) and killed Dhanvantari. In Sravana Manasa had Dhana and Mana, the sons of a gardener, liquidated. In Bhadra she killed the six sons of Cando by the snake Kali, but Cando would still vituperate her. In A¢vina people worshipped Candi in eclat but there was nothing for her. She took away Behula (and her husband) from Indra’s court. In Kartika the goddess appeared to Cando in a dream and sent him to Patana. She attempted to inspire wawe at Kalidaha. In Agrahayana Cando reached Patana, and Manasaé made him stay there for twelve years. She did not receive any thrust from Cando during this period. In Pausa Manasa, in the guise of Sanaka, appeared in a dream vision and made Cando return home after heavy loss and bitter suffcrings. In Magha the goddess started the talk of the marriage between Behula and Lakhindar, she also put her curse on

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 287

Behula as the latter was bathing in Pearl Lake, and boiled the steel globules for Behula. In Phalguna Cando was extremely insufferable, and he built the sealed chamber of stecl. In Caitra Siva was univer- sally worshipped and glorified, but Cando would not cast his glance on a person that would worship Manasa. In carly Vaigakha Behula’s mattiage was celebrated and Lakhai was fatally bitten by Kali.

Behula supplicated to the goddess for the life of her husband. She believed that if the goddess would bring Lakhai back to life her fzther-in-law would surely admit the greatness of the goddess and worship her. In case he would not do so Behula promised to return

to her forthwith. Manassa now relented and was ready to bring Lakhai back to life.

52. Manasa asked Behula to fetch the dead body. It was badly decomposed and fell to picces as it was handled. लाप] washed the bones clean and as she was doing so in the river an oversize cod gobbled a knec-cap. She at once brought it to the notice of the goddess who soon got it out of the fish. Manas& now arranged the bones and started the process of resuscitation.

Manasa sat down. She pierced the horn (‘khadga’) through the orifice of the wind (‘pavana’), and by the noose of the wind the bones and the mind were jojned together. She sat in the posture of Garuda (‘garudaasana’) and muttered the following basic manira concerning drsit (sight), 2111457 (grasp) and 1८15 (concentration) in accordance With the unwritten process (‘niraksara tantra’):

‘In the burning of Tripura Siva’s mouth einitted fire, and the fire consumed the demons and remained on the earth. When King Prthu was milking the earth (as a cow) the venoin he had milked out he put away in the nether region (‘patala’). [he same venoin Vasuki entrusted to me, and listen to me, O venom, I tell thee the story of thy origin. Away, away, O venom, go away from Lakhai’s limbs ; by the command of Visahari, O venom, be eliminatcd in the opening of Lakhai’s wound.

‘Black (or deadly) venom came out of the churning of the sea of milk, and it was drained by the Lord of the World (i.e. Siva) in a sip. Venom originated in the sea from out of Kapila’s milk, and the gods entrusted it to Vasuki. Coming in touch with blood venom (destroys) the body of animal life ; do thou, venom, die out by the force of tantra (occult process) and mantra (incantation), by the command of Dharma.

‘We, father and daughter, tell thee the story of thy birth ; by the command of the Lord, O venom, do thou quickly turn into water.

‘On a particular occasion Kadri won over Vinata, but Garuda

288 MANASA-VIJAYA

the latter) and vanquished the serpents (sons of Kadra).

was born (to le er thee ; by the command of Garuda The same Garuda is hove 0. venom, die out i the opening

‘The open sea is the place of the osprey ; in the name of osprey, O venom, be thou on the stir.

‘The Master (‘gosani’), Original Lord (‘adyanatha’) by name, spoke of Brahman ; by his name the venom is no more there in the the opening of the wound.

‘The heron circles over in the sky, and by the flapping of its wings venom quakes in fear. At its touch venom is consumed ; by the command of the heron, venom, remove thyself to the nether region.’

Manasa then muttered the essence of the great mantra, and the bones began to put on flesh and skin. Sages and others, as they die, go to the sun, but the husband of Manasa had died from snakebite. The goddess then took recourse to the occult power of Serpent Manipula- tion (‘naga-vaca’), and Kali came there at once and sucked up the venom. Manasa, then, muttering another mantra, struck on the back of the body with her palm, and Lakhindar got up in a flurry. Every- body was joyful. In this manner the six brothers of Lakhai were

later brought back to life.

ring 0४ of the 71 ound,

ASTAMANGALA (PALA THIRTEEN)

1. Lakhai wanted to know how he had happened to come there, and Behula told him. Then Behula showed to the gods her dancing tricks accompanied by playing of drum (myrdanga) by her husband. The gods including Manasa were delighted at her performance, and the six elder brothers of Lakhai were resuscitated.

Behula and Lakhai boarded the vessel for return home, and Manasa took charge. When they reached Kalidaha Behula requested the goddess for the recovery of the seven boats and the crew that her father-in-law had lost there. Manasa did accordingly. When they came to Canaka Behula told her husband of the misbehaviour of the Buraniyas. Lakhai was angry ; he got out from the vessel, and dealt them the penalty of death. At Tiger Turn he killed the tiger and built there a township known as Baghadanga. Similarly at Vulture Turn he started the town of Sakuninagara. They passed by other turns and came to Dhana-pula’s Tum. lLakhai paid Dhana-pula a large sum and laying the town Cauhata there appointed Dhana-pula as the chief. When they about to enter their own land Behula proposed something

to her husband.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 289

2. Behula suggested that she, dressed as a Dom girl, might be allowed to meet Sanaka and to know how she and others were doing before their arrival was announced. Lakhai agreed and wove for her some fine baskets and finer fans.

3. Behula came to her father-in-law’s place, and everybody were struck with the good looks and charms of the Dom girl. Jhauya met her at the door and at once reported to Sanaka the arrival of the Dom girl that strangely enough reminded her of (लापा. Sanaka lost no time in coming to the door, and became painfully aware of the simi- larity between the Dom girl and her lost daughter-in-law.

4. Sanaka remained looking at the girl for an unconscionable time. She told the girl that her resemblance with Behuli had stirred up a deadened anguish in her heart. She recounted her miserable tale.

5. Behula wanted some food from her mother-in-law and went away to have a bath first. She narrated to Lakhai his mother’s scrrows, and he was moved. In the meantime the boats had reached the home port.

Behula and Lakhai made a consultation and sent the captain Durlabha to Cando with the proposal that Cando should now agree to worship Manasa ; otherwise they would all go back to where they had come from. Durlabha led a gorgeous procession, and the king, hear- ing of it, sent Pandit Somai to inquire. On seeing the captain return from the dead the pandit was thunderstruck.

6. Durlabha delivered his message to Somai. The pandit took him by the hand and the two came to Cando. Cando welcomed the captain and heard from him Behula’s exploits. The happy news soon spread throughout. Cando with his wife, priest, councillors and attendants went to Rameévara Ghat to welcome the arrival. Cando was pleased beyond anything to see his sons and his crew return from the dead and his boats with cargo salvaged from the bottom of the river. Behula prostrated herself at the feet of her father-in-law and mother- in-law. Cando was moved and spoke affectionately and reverently to her. Others were vociferous in her praise.

7. Behula’s achievements are recounted.

8. Behuld urged Cando to worship Manaséi, and she was sup- ported by every one present. But Cando wanted to witness some wonderful act of Manasaé. He promised to pay his homage to the goddess unstintedly if his seven boats would sail on the land and arrive from the river port at his house-gate. Behula prayed to Manasa, and when the goddess appeared before her she repeated the request of her father-in-law. 2871288 consulted Neto and com- manded her seven principal serpents (m@ga) to carry the seven boats

37

290 MANASA-VIJAYA

to the door of the house. When it was done Cando expressed his willingness to worship the goddess. Sanaka returned home with her sons and daughter-in-law.

Arrangements for the worship were made on a grand scale, and a gorgeous water-pot sacred to Manasa was fashioned and a leafy twig of Sija was placed on the top. Various offerings of fruits and betel and nut were brought in, and all sorts of musical instruments were played. The ceremony started.

9. Cando worshipped the golden pot of the goddess and made various offerings including animals such as goats, rams and buffaloes. He extolled the greatness of Manasa.

10. Then he worshipped the sage Jaratkadru, Manas&’s son Astika, her councellor Neto and the eight m@gas and other serpents. When he came to the last flowers had been finished, and so he tore off hair from his whiskers and offered them to the serpents as flowers. Then appeared Manasa looking captivating and splendid. She was seated on the boa constrictor and held the snakes Kala and Vikala in her two hands. Her great tocs .were dipped into two water pots. Cando was visibly moved at the sight. He prayed to her to give him back his occult knowledge and his son. She gave him all except Behula and Lakhai. Cando praised her and asked her to place her foot on his head as an act of grace. The goddess did so. The cere- mony now came to an end. Cando affectionately embitaced Lakhai.

11. Manasa asked Behula to come away with her at once. Behula begged for a little time for inducing her husband to come away in peace. Jakhai was willing, and taking leave of the family the couple came to Manasad, and the goddess pulled them up in her chariot. When they were flying through the air Behula saw _ her father’s place down below. At her request Manasa stopped the chariot and permitted the couple to pay a short visit to the house of Sahe. Lakhai and Behula dressed themselves as a yogi couple.

12. Wearing long matted hair and carrings, smearing ashes all over their bodies, and carrying gourd shells, staves and other para- phernalia they, in single file—Lakhai in front and Behula behind, came to the town of Ujani. They walked from door to door but did not beg anywhere until they came to the door of Sa&he’s house. They sounded the horn and Sumitra came out to give them alms. She was moved to see the young yogi couple and asked them, with all eagerness, to stay there for some time. They reminded her, she told them, strongly of her lost daughter and son-in-law. Behula was moved at her mother’s sorrowfulness and she revealed their identity. She also allowed herself to be touched and embraced by her mother. Behula then told her what she had done, and finally begged leave of her. They returned to the chariot and soon reached the domain of Indra.

THE POEM SUMMARIZED 201

Indra welcomed Manasa, but before admitting Aniruddha and Usa to his court he wanted to test them whether they had contracted sin by living among the mortals. He asked them first to walk along on the sharp edge of a razor five cubits long, and then threw them into the deep sea, with huge rocks attached to their waist. For the third and final test the couple was placed in a chamber made of lac and it was put on fire. By the grace of Manasa the couple came out unscathed from each of the three tests. Aniruddha and Usa won _ universal admiration and were accepted by Indra.

Indra now wanted to hear from Manasaé how her worship was instituted in the world of men.

13. Manasa told Indra very briefly her story (‘vratakatha’) from the beginning. Indra was delighted and heaped honours on _ the goddess. She then returned to her own place Sijuya Hill.

The final lines run thus:

‘If one listens to this story in complete one’s earthly possessions and progeny are increased and al] harm removed. He never dies from snakebite and he lives happily here and gets to heaven hereafter. It must never be doubted that the Great Mother will safely take him over the sea of the mortal life. Whocver sings or causes to be sung this ritual song the goddess is ever ready to help him.

‘Lastly the singer ‘and the player (of the drum) beg for this boon: may they always retain their devotion to you.

‘May you ever fulfil the wishes of the person for whose good I have sung this your story.

‘Do you please fulfil the desire of all these people that are assembled in this hall.

‘May the folk that dwell in this village never experience sorrow and bereavement.

‘Shout the name of Hari and go home, you folk. The Manasa- mangala song has now come to an end. Vipradasa the brahman bows down and says: May I have admittance to your feet in the next world.’

The roman numerals indicate the section (‘ pala "). The numerals in itfalics indicate the line.

1 2 14. The eighteen-armed figure of the goddess Candi is described in the following verse quoted in Utpala’s commentary on Brhatsamhita (ed. Sudhakar Dvivedi, Banaras 1897) 50.57:

candtkastadasabhuja sarvapraharananvita tryaksa simharatha dhanya mahisdsuramardini.

‘Candika (is to be made) eighteen-armed, equipped with all kinds of weapons, three-eyed, lion-bourne, majestic and engaged in slaying the buffalo demon.’

1 3. The goddesses in tantric Buddhism, corresponding more or less to Visahari-Manasa-Neto of Brahmanical tradition, are also de- scribed as wearing snake-ornaments. Janguli has white serpents as ornaments (Sadhanamdala 106, 122) and she is shaded by a _ seven- hooded serpent (ibid. 117). Kurukula (Kurukulla) wears, according to the treatise Sitakurukullasadhana (ibid. 185) ascribed to Savara-pada the Siddha, Ananta (blue) as topknot, Taksaka (red) as eaczring, Sankhapadla (yellow) as neckchain, Kulika (multi-coloured) as armlet, Karkotaka (green) as the sacred thread, Vasuki (white) as girdle, Maha- padma (white as lotus stalk) as neckband, and Nanda and Upananda (white) as anklets.1 Ekajata, according to the description by Lalita- gupta (ibid. 128) wears ferocious nagas (krurandgabharanabhusita) in the following manner: Karkotaka (blue) as topknot. Taksaka (red) as necklace, Nanda and Upanada (yellow) as 6971768, Ananta (5८८, white) as the sacred thread, Vasuki (swkla, white) as girdle, Kulika (pigeon-coloured) as righthand wristlet, Sankhapala (dhavala, white) as lefthand wristlet, and Padma and Mahadpadma (red) as anklets.

1 4 290. Vipradasa’s derivation of the name Nirvasini is probably not correct. In the Assamese version the goddess is called Digambari ‘naked’. This appears to be the real meaning of Nirvasini (<cnir- vasa-).

i4 2. ‘Jagatgauri’ is a combination of the two names Jagati (or Jagati) and Gauri. Jagati is perhaps derived from jagrati ‘wake- ful’.

Manasa is still known as Jagatgauri in some places in the district of Burdwan and elsewhere. Of these the most famous is the deity at Mandalgram, a village some fourteen miles to the northeast of the town

1 For slight variations see Sddhanamdid 180, 181 (by Krgna-pada).

264 MANASA-VIJAYA

of Burdwan. The annual worship is held in the month of Asidha, and it is the most important festival in that part of the district. The wor- ship of this deity has preserved many old ritualistic practices not known otherwise. The image is an old one, and made of stone. It bears a short inscription which has not been read. For the following descrip- tion of the image I am indebted to Mr. Sorasimohan Bhattacharya, M.A., B.T.

The image is about a foot high. The goddess is seated on a full-blown lotus ; her right foot is placed on another lotus capping a water-pot below the seat and the left leg folded at right angles. The image has two hands and two eyes. The left hand is holding a snake by the head, and it is about to be kissed (or devoured). The left eye is blind. There is a crown or cap on the head which is canopied by a seven-hooded serpent (or by seven hooded serpents). On the right there is the figure of a hermit and on the left that of a female, both seated on full-blown lotuses. Two small figures of néga women flank the top.

1 5 1-8. These lines apparently written in a mixture of Sanskrit and Bengali are too corrupt to give a clear sense.

16 1-4. This brief reference to cosmogony is to be found in the introductory portion of Visnu Pala’s poem, and better still in the ritualistic treatises on Dharma worship.

16 34. There is probably a _ glossing over what was 80 ugly episode in the career of Siva, according to some traditions. Siva’s ill fame of seduction of hermits’ wives is referred to by Dandin in Dasakuméracarita (bhavanipater muntipatnisahasrasandusanam 2.2). Ganga is accepted as Candi’s co-wife in the North Bengal version of the Saga (i.e. in the poems of Jagatjivan and Manakar), where Ganga is said to have a son (or two sons) from Siva. Thus says Jagatjivan:

prathame gangara putra dangara mahananda dekhiya Sankara deva parama dananda. kartika ganeSa dui gaurira nandana

asiya bandila duhe Sivera carana.

1 10 9. Ganga appears as a flower girl (‘malini’) also in Jagat- jivan’s poem,

1 I0 13-14. This episode is perhaps an echo of the amours of a Kapalika mendicant with a Dom girl plying ferry in a river, referred to in a Carya song by Kahna (10). The motif of a Dom woman plying ferry between the Ganga and the Yamuna is used as a yogic symbol in another (anonymous) Carya song (14).

NOTES 295

_ 116. A similar birth is mentioned for Vasistha in RV 7. 33. 11:

visve devah piskare tvadadanta. urvasya brahman mdnaso’dhi jatah drapsam skannadm bréhmana ddivyena ६४८ devah puskare tvadadanta

‘Thou art Maitravaruna and Vasistha, 0 brahman, born of the will of Urvasi ; all-gods took thec, the drop spilled by the divine Brahman, in a lotus.’

According 10 Kalidasa Urvagi was born of the secd of the sage Narayana: wuridbhava narasakhasya muneh (Vikramorvas i). For the exact sense of uru here compare uruna (retah) upapravartayati (Taittirtya-samhita 6. 5 8).

117 15-16. Cf. the Carya song by Bhusuku (27). The bio- logical process of procreation is at the basis of this mythological motif of candra cast into padma, reaching down to patala and there taking human form. This motif had also become a convenient symbol for the tantric and yogic process of attainment of supreme bliss.

118 3. ‘Nirmani’ means a builder, a maker. Jn some versions she is mentioned as old. She is then equivalent in the [लभ sense to qaratkaru ‘old artificer’. In our story she is the mother of Vasuki and therefore the female counterpart of vedic Tvastr.

In RV 7. 33. 11 and To. 61. 7 the gods are said to have collected the sced spilled in a lotus (puskare) and to have fashioned (ntrataksan) Vastospati the Observer of Ordinances (vratapa) from out of the seed spilled on the ground by Prajapati. Vdstospati= Jaratkaru =Manasa.

In some versions of the saga the artificer (‘nirmani’) is identified with Brahma (Vamésidas, Visnu Pala). Others following Mahi- bharata (I. 20. 16) Devt-purana (9. 47, 48), Brahmavaivarta-purana (Prakrtikhanda 45, 46) etc. mention Manasaé as the foster-daughter of Kasyapa, the father of the gods. In Mahabharata Visahari-Jarat- karu is the daughter of Vasuki but fashioned by the maker god (srstikrt

deva).

1 78 34. Cf. AV 8. 15. 13-16: sodakramat. sa sarpan agacchat. tam sarpa upahvayanta visavatyehiti. tasyas taksako vatsaleyo vaisa asid alabupatram patram. tam dhrtarastra airavato ’dhok. tam visam evadhok. ‘She (Viraj) set forth. She came to the serpents. The serpents called out to her: O poisonous lady, come along. Taksaka Vaisaleya (literally, the son of Visala, or belonging to the town Visala) become her calf, and a gourd shell the pail. Dhrtarastra Airavata

milked her. He milked only poison.’

206 MANASA-VIJAYA

118 go. Here Manasa appears as an apsaras ‘water nymph’ (@pya yosa RV).

1 79 3-4. For the tantric conception of the composite deity Paksi- rudra see Agui-purana chapters 295, 297, 208.

1 20 1-24. The story of Suparni and Kadrii (vyakhvainam sauparnikadravam) occurs first in vedic prose literature (Satapatha- brahmana 3, 6. I. 2-7; Kapisthala-katha-samhita 37. 1; etc.). In Mahabharata (1. 16-34) the story forms a distinct poem.

In RV kadru (‘brown coloured’) is a Soma vessel.

1 20 28. Cf. RV ro. 61. 6, 7. The unsavoury affair is given in some detail in Satapatha-brahmanu (1. 7. 4. 1-3): prajapatir ha svam duhitaram abhidadhvau divam vosasam va mithunyenayad syam its tam sam babhiva etc. This misbehaviour of Prajapati was not forgotten in later tradition ; cf. Dasakuma@racanta (prajapateh svadu- hitaryapi pranaya-pravritih 2. 2.). It is remarkable that Dandin does not identify Prajapati with Brahma as in the same passage he mentions the latter as 2८210144 (pitamahasya tilottomabhilasah).

120 54. In the East Bengal versions of the story there is a peculiar episode here. The farmer Bachai saw Manasa in the flower basket and very much wanted to marry her. He came to grief, but soon received pardon and became the first devotee of Manasa.

1 22 8. Manas& as one-eyed reflects the vedic demoness A7éayi ‘misfortune’ (RV 10. 155. 1). According to Jagatjivan Vasuki’s curse was responsible for the loss of one eye of Manasa.

i 23 2. The object was probably a jewelled ring bearing a sign of the serpent (savpamudra). The efficacy of such a ring worn by ladies in the cure of snake-bite is referred to by Kalidasa in Médlavikdignimitra ndgamuddasanadham anguliaam ... tmind angulaena ubhinnakiranakesarena kusumido via de aggahattho padibhdadi (i); dhuvasiddhi vinnavedi udakumbha-vihdnena sappa- muddiam kim pi kappidavvam tam annesiadutti .. . itdam sappa- muddiam anguliaam. ... nivutiavisavego godamo muhuttena paki- dittho samvutto (iv).

i 23 5. ‘Sijuya’ is obviously derived from sidhya- (=siddha-) but influenced by the name of the plant sacred to Manasa (euphorbia nivulia). Sijuya Hill (=Siddhydcala) is called also Sijacala by Ketaka- dasa.

i 23 27. This origin of Manasa’s sister is apparently based on the etymology of xetra ‘eye’. According to Vamsidas Siva had shed tears immediately after he had spilled the seed that was to be made into Manas&. He wiped his tears with the hem of the fine cloth (Middle Bengali ‘neta’) he was wearing. As he wrung the

NOTES 297

drop out the girl Neto (Netavati) was born. She was cursed by Astavakra to be ever subservient to her younger sister. Vijaya Gupta postulates the origin of Neto from Siva’s sweat but he puts it long anterior to the birth of Manasi. Visnu Pala makes Neta born of the sweat-drops of Brahma, mopped with and wrung out of his napkin, when he had finished making the body of Manasa in the house of Vasuki. Jagatjivan makes Neta born of Siva’s seed that had stuck in his loin cloth when he had spilled it to give birth to Manasa. These storics based on tears or sweat or semen mopped with cloth are all pertinent to Neto’s function as a washerwoman.

1 23 27. Dhamai is Manas&a’s messenger as well as mount. He is also conceived as a snake (‘dhamana’, ‘dhemana’—meaning also ‘pimp’). Visnu Pala mentions him as Madhai and identifies him with the horse-drawn chariot of the goddess.

i 23 45. The old stone images of Manasa generally contain the figures of Neto and Dhamai by her sides (here identical with Jarat- karu). The figure of Dhaimai is generally taken for that of Astika. In sculptural representation Astika 15 sometimes shown on Manasa’s lap.

1 2. Manasa and her friends disported in water (as befitting their character as water nymphs). The Behari version mentions the five sisters Visahari, named respectively Maina Visahari, Dotola Bhavani, Devi Visahari, Jaya Visahari and Paduma Kumari.

li 3 6-12. One of the two was undoubtedly Brhaspati who in RV is mentioned as fashioned by Tvastr (2. 23. 17) and as having seven mouths (saptdsyah 4. 50. 4) and a pair of horns (10. 155. 2). He is mentioned as the dispeller of 47247 (‘ill-luck’). The other was Samvarta (also the name of a prominent serpent as well as of a cloud). The Mahabhdrata story (14. 4-10) of the rivalry between the brothers supported by Indra’s spite against Marutta is not without significance for the Middle Bengali Manas& saga. There is a story in Mahdavastu (iii pp. 428-30) regarding the serpent Samvarta. He had infested the hall of fire-worship belonging to Urubilva KasSyapa. Buddha made the serpent leave the placc.

ii 3 33-36. Details are to be found in the saga of the yogic Natha cult.

ii 5 2z. Kapila represents vedic Préni the mother of the Maruts, and Manoratha represents the latter. Cf. manojtivo ydn maruic vathesu @’ (RV 1. 85. 4c).

ii 9. The episode of Kapila the divine cow filling up the celestial sea by her milk is indeed an elaboration of the name Ksiroda. Accord- ing to Vijaya Gupta Siva requested the divine cow to fill up the celestial sea with milk to feed the sons of Manasa.

38

298 MANASA-VIJAYA

ii ro 7-76. The curdling of the sea of milk was necessary for the subsequent churning of the sea.

li 70 770. The incident of Durvasas and the pfaridta flower 18 a puranic theme. It brought out a contest between Krsna and Indra.

1 13. The episode of the churing of the sca occurs in the Puranas.

ii 14. In the Middle Bengali saga the puranic Dhanvantari, the custodian of ambrosia, had merged into the mythic mé@ga prince Sankha and emerged as the poison doctor that vanguished Sankha, took his dominion, married his daughter and sent him down to the bottom of the earth to dwell there. ‘The position of Dhanvantari-Sankha was prominent in the 1424 cult that was once prevalent throughout Northern India. According to Mahdvastu (iii, p. 383) monthly festive gatherings were held at Banaras the headquarters of Sankha.

The court (samdja) of Sesa the king of serpents is mentioned in Bhagavata-purana 10. 26. 45.

1 14 27. Cf. samudraja-sauviram panayogacca mrvisam bhavait nanyatha (Sadhanamala 180).

11 15. This is also a puranic episode.

lili 2. A second churning of the occan is not mentioned in the Puranas.

11 2 23-24. In Caraka-samhita (Cikitsasthana 23. 4-6) poison arising out of the sea is personified as a_ terrific demon, and poison had come out before nectar.

11 6 15-16. This shows Manasi as Janguli the Savara girl (Saédhanaméala 117).

111 9 2-74. These lines from an old mystic verse describe yogic processes.

111 9 58. The marriage of Jaratkaru (a ya@yavara) and Manasa (also called Jaratkaru) is narrated in Mahabharata (1. 38. 12, 16; 71. 45-48), but there is no reference to Siva. It was entirely arranged by Vasuki. Jaratkaru stipulated that he could marry a girl bearing the same name as his and given away as charity, that he would not be responsible for her maintenance, and that he would leave her the moment she would incur his displeasure. According to Mahabharata (1. 44. 3-4) Jarat- karu was so called as his body was like a worn out (jarat) piece of wood (kau) by incessant austerity. Jaratkaru somewhat resembles the old sage Cyavana of Rgveda, whom the Asvins made young and wedded to a young girl.

lii 70 23-29. Cf, the lists of serpents in Mahabhdrata (1. 35. 5-16, I. 57). |

NOTES 240

iii 15 2. According to Visnu Pala, Jagatjivan and Vaméidas Neto was given to Jaratkaru as dowry.

1115 9. In the Mahabharata version Manasa is called a naga girl (bhujangamda 1. 47. 20).

ill 15 32. For the efficacy of the conch shell against snake poison cf. RV. 10. 14. 42 (“rdhvakrsana-).

iii 17 rz-14. It is perhaps reminiscent of the vedic imagery of Gayatri becoming a falcon and fetching soma (vide Kapisthala- katha-samhita 37. 1; etc.).

11 17 35-35. According to Vijaya Gupta Manasa4 gave birth first to the eight méagas and finally Astaka (i.e. Astika). According to Vaiusidas and Jagatjivan Neto had a son Ugra Dhanafijaya from the sage Ugratapa.

11 17 43. According to Mahabharata Astika learnt the vedas from Cyavana of the Bhrgu clan.

iv iff. The story of Pariksit and the snake-sacrifice of Janam- ejaya occurs in Mahabharata (1. 40-43, 49-58) and in Bhagavata- 7207214 (12. 6).

iv 5 21ff. The story of Jaya is non-puranic. Mahabharata (x. 3. 16-20) has here Somasgravas the son of Srutasravas and a serpent wo- man (sarpi). Apparently Somasravas officiated as 2 priest in the snake sacrifice.

iv 8. The snake sacrifice appears as a retaliative measure against snakes, as presented in Mahabhdrata and in the Manasa saga. But ori- ginally it was probably a propitiatory rite, an elaborate vedic ritual of the naga worshippers for the well-being and satisfaction of the négas. This is how the sarpasatira is presented in Pancavimsa-brahmana (25. 15. 1-4). Here we find some prominent दऽ officiating in various capacities ; e.g. Dhrtarastra Airavata as brahman, Taksaka Vaisaleya as brahmanacchamsSin and Janamejaya as adhvaryu. By holding this elaborate ritual the serpents escaped untimely death (etena vai sarpa apamrtyum ajayan). According to Baudhadyana, as Caland tells us, the persons named in the Pafcavimsa-brahmana were ‘‘kings and princes of the sarvpas who at Khandavaprastha in human form, per- formed this sattra, desious of obtaining poison.’’ It may be men- tioned in this connection that both Dhrtarastra Airavata and Taksaka ४21481९2 appear in AV 8. 15. 13-16, which is probably a still older version of the sarpasatira.

There is enough sculptural evidence to show that in the centuries beginning the Christian era the worship of the sagas was an important cult throughout Northern India, specially along the Yamuna and the

300 MANASA-VIJAYA

Ganga. Centres of naga worship along the northern bank of the Ganga and the shrine of Maninaga at Rajgir are mentioned in Mahabharata. The shrines of the na@ga cult were reputed centres of scholarship and religion and also for wealth. There is the mention of the naga Padma dwelling on the Gomati (Mahabharata 12. 356-64). Mahdvasiu (ii p. 383f) records four centres of the n@ga culture: Banaras, Mithila, Kalinga and Taksasila, presided over by Sankha, Padma, Pingala and Elapatra respectively (८८८० mahdanidhayo samkho varanasyam mithlayam padumo kalingesu pingalo taksasilayam elapairo). In Banaras a monthly gathering was held in honour of Sankha, and the prominent nagas were invited to attend (vavanasyém samkhasya 2425760 samdajo variati tahim nidhanadhipatayo nagarajano nimantritaka Ggacchanti). On one occasion Elapatra put some philosophical questions and offered the hand of his daughter and a dowry of a hundred gold-pieces to any one who could answer them to his satisfaction (tatra ca elapatrena nagarajna prasna Sthapita etam yo prasnam visarjeti tasya dhita ca diyatt suvarnasahas- vam ca). This story is faintly but unmistakably echocd in an episode in Vipradasa’s poem (vi II. 57-66).

iv 9 1-6. These lines came from a singer or a scribe.

iv 10 7~2. Cando being a ‘gandhavanik’ (spices merchant) or hav- ing as his tutelary deity Gandhesvari or Sugandha, is probably an echo of the vedic conception of Gandharva the guardian of soma. His short name is a synonymn of soma, the fuller name Candradhara means “possessor of soma’; his wife is Sanaka, which is possibly a mutilated form of Somakda ; and his priest is Somai Pandita.

iv 10 32. ‘Siddhi jhuh’ (literally, ‘pouch of bhang’) represents the pouch held by zaégas in some Gupta sculptures. ‘Mahajiiana’ is the supreme occult knowledge i.e. power possessed by a siddha.

iv 10 37-38. ‘jaya-neta’ (literally, ‘victory cloth’) is the scarf seen in ndga male figures in early Indian sculpture.

One is tempted to surmise here that Cando, originally belonging to the cult of soma, changed over to the cult of visa. The drinkers of visa (bhang ?) wore long hair (cf. kesi vutsasya pitrena yad rud- venapibal saha RV 10. 136. 7). <A further temptation is to compare the basic contrast between the two Saka tribes, one Soma-preparing (‘saka haumavarka’) and the other belonging to the swift stream (‘saka tigraxauda’) as mentioned in Old Persian inscriptions. ‘Siddhi-jata’ is really ‘siddha-jata’ (i.e. matted hair as worn by a siddha), the change being due to the two meanings of ‘siddhi’, ‘bhang’ and ‘success’.

iv 12 r-2. Visnu Pala has a detailed account of Manasa and Neto taking a morning round of their domain just as the vedic Usas sisters or Agvin brothers did. Cf. RV 7. 66. 7: ahelati manasa yatam arvag

NOTES 404

aindnta havyam manusisu viksu ‘with uninjuring mind do you two come down, enjoying the oblation in the abodes of men’).

iv 14 81-82. This episode reminds us of the story of Sayu and the ASvins in RV: yuvam dhenum Sayave nadhitayapinvatam asvina pirvyaya ‘O ASvins, you two had made the cow swell with milk for the supplicating Sayu of yore’ (1. 118. 8.) ; duhana dhenir urjanesu karave tmana Satinam pururipam isani ‘(she) giving (as milk) to the singer in the pastures, to impel (benefit) indeed hundredfold and _ various’ (2. 2. 9).

According to Jagatjivan 18.785 and her infant son were left destitute by Jaratkaru. She approached the cowherds for a drink of milk for her son.

Iv 75 73. Other versions have different dates.

iv 15 25-28. The cult of the sacred pot and that of the plant euphorbia mivulia are now incorporated. The cult of the sacred pot is connected with Dhanvantari, and naga worship and gocs back still fur- ther to vedic soma-kalasa (cf. RV 9. 74. 8). In the early votive sculp- tures of the maga cult the pot is the most important item, and in the later sculptures of the Manasa cult it as at least as important as the figure of the goddess.

According to Vijaya Gupta the first pot of Manasa was built by ViSvakarman and was introduced by Siva to some cowherd boys cngag- ed in gambling. Latik, a Candala boy, losing heavily, was the first to worship it and began to win steadily. Then the cowherd boys were made to worship it.

‘bari’ (Sanskrit vari) is a small water pot (=ghata) as against ‘bana’ (२४८), a big water pot (=kalasa). The word is doubly signi- ficant: (i) containing potent water (va’r ugrdm AV 10 4 ; :=vtsa?) gand (ii) holding soma or cooling remedy (bhesajé jdlasah RV 2.33.7b).

iv 16ff. The story of Manasa’s conflict with Hasan is given in detail by only Vipradasa and Visnu Pala. Other writers narrate it rather briefly. In some Manasamangala poems published recently the omission of the episode is apparently intentional, although the editors do not mention the fact.

This story undoubtedly originated sometime after the Turki con- quest of Eastern India. But it might be a later version of Manasa’s conflict with Yama as narrated in some Manasamangala poems.

Visnu Pala’s account is interesting and may be briefly told here. The cowherds worshipped the goddess in an open place not very far away from the house of Hasan who heard the beat of drums and smelled the fragrance of flowers and incense. He first sent a footman to in- quire and then a contingent of his army. The cowherds were ready to run away, but Manasa put courage in their heart and weapons in their

302 -MANASA-VIyAvA

hand. But they could not stand for long before Hasan’s men. Manasa was chased by Hasan and Husen and came first to Vibhisana and then to Surya (the sun) for protection. The latter rendered them powerless against Manasaé. The goddess now did havock with Hasan’s dominion, and the Mohammedan chief unsuccessfully sought refuge with Siva (their father) and Durga. But the gods would not act against Manasi. Vasu- mati (earth) however offered them two pits, but a nodding chameleon revealed them to Manasa. The brothers then capitulated. V7 7-70. Cf. Maitrayani-samhitaé 2. 9. 9; Kapisthala-katha- Samhita 27. ©: ye annesu vividhyanti patresu pibato janan tesam sahasrayojane ava dhanvami tanmast. “Who strike in foodstuff and in cups men drinking, for them at a distance of a thousand leagues we extend the desert lands (or draw the bows).’

$ 10. Jalu-Malu (Jhalu-Malu in some versions) are derived from jhalla-malla mentioned with dancers play-actors and others in Buddhist Sanskrit literature (Mahavastu 111 p 253). The connection between the serpent cult and the fishing folk is also very old. The two names per- haps carry an echo of the deities Manasa and Neto mentioned some- times in the Jantras as Jalini and Malini or as Padmadakini and Visa- dakini' (Sadhanamdla 240) respectively. The tribe Malo (or Mala) in Bengal has always been professed doctors of snake-poison.

In some eighteenth century pictorial representations of Manasa [खाप and Malu appear as attendants of the goddess.

In Visnu Pala’s narrative the occasion for fishing was the sradh ceremony of Dhanvantari. This is based on the accepted meaning of gur ४: Cando’s ‘guru-krtya’ was his father’s sradh. The names of the brothers appear as Jaliya and Jalana. According to this version the fishermen brothers were sent to prison. Meantime Manasa contrived a rain-storm that removed their hovel and raised a resplendent palace instead. Manasa took the form of Cando’s tutelary deity Gandhe§vari, appeared to him in his sleep and directed him to release the brothers. It was done.

According to Jagatjivan Cando was Manasa’s brother and she had approached the latter amicably twice before she adopted open hostility. On the first occasion Siva interceded for her rather half- heartedly, and on the other occasion Manasdi appeared in state and demanded homage from her brother. Cando raised his ‘hematala’ staff against her and she had to depart unceremoniously. Jagatjivan does not mention Cando’s possession of mahajndana, ‘siddhi-jata’ and ‘jaya-neta’.

1 Text ‘visvadakini’. I take it_to be an error.

NOTES 303

v 10 62. According to Visnu Pala the two vessels were not of >the same size. One was a pitcher (‘bara’) and the other a smaller pot (‘bari’): ‘suvarnera bari haila suvarnera bara’.

v 7.2 30. ‘hemtalera danda’ is gencrally accepted as 8 stick of hintala (Elate Paludosa) the marshy date tree. As a weapon it has not the least value nor is there any mention anywhere of the magic property of the plant. I think ‘hemtala’ is ‘hematala’ (as in Jagat- jivan). It was the insignia possessed by Cando, the supreme sign before which a naga had to bow down. The sign of the golden palm belonging to Sesa the king of the n@gas dwelling under the depth of the Yamuna, is mentioned in Bhagavata-purana 10. 26. 49: tasya madhye sahasrasyam hematalocchritam dhvajam.

v 13-14. Manasa’s seduction of Cando is reminiscent of the gods sending Vak to take away soma from the Gandharvas: te vacam

Strivam Rrtva mayam wupasrjal....te brahma gandharva avadann agayanta devah. sa devin pidayata upfivartata “They made Vak (‘Speech’) a woman and sent away as deception. ... The Gandharvas

talked brahman (‘spiritual knowledge’) but the gods sang. She came to the gods that were singing.’ (Kaptsthala-katha-samhita 37. 1-2; cf. Maitrayani-Samhita 3. 7. 3). Gandharva and brahma of the vedic story correspond to ‘Gandhavanik (Cando)’ and ‘mahajnana’ respectively in the Bengali saga.

Manasé played the same trick to liquidate Dhanvantari and his two disciples Dhanad and Mana.

vi I 59-60. See under ii 14.

vi r 69-70. This power is implied in the derivation of the name Dhanvantari from dhanvan ‘dry soil, desert’ as well as ‘bow’. In vedic magic lore drying up was one of the usual processes of remov- ing poison (cf. RV व. 107. 16; AV 5. 13. 8-11, 6. 100. 3).

vi 1 87. It may be surmised that Sankha-Dhanvantari was _ so- called because his emblem (dhvaja, ketu, lanchana) was a conch shell (Sankha) or he had won this emblem from Sankha. A conch shell signified safety from poison and misfortune and ensured pros- perity.

vi I 133-136, 2 1-26. Cf. Kurukulla-sidhana by Krsna-pada (Sadhanamala 181): tdrsair abharanair ugrair bhisito mantravit sada ‘A master of the mantra always appears adorned with such virulent (snakes as) ornaments’. Devi-purdna (9. 47. 57-58):

stotrasiddhir bhaved yasya sa visam bhoktum isvarah nagaisca bhusanam krtuad sa bhaven nagavahanah.

nagasano nagatalpo nagasiddho bhaven narah.

‘The man who is successful in (mastering) this hymn is com- petent to consume poison. Wearing serpents as ornaments he

304 MANASA-VIJAYA

can ride on serpents. Such a man can sit on a serpent (as on a seat), lie on a serpent (as in a bed) and become a master of the serpent (lore).’

vi. 2 25. ‘Sire jaya-neta ure’ clearly indicates that ‘jaya-neta’ was worn like a turban, and it was also symbolic of the banner (pataké) of Neto.

vi 2 26. Scholars, occultists, wranglers and wrestlers were awarded bangles as the certificate of victory in contest. Such bangles were known as Wrangler’s Bangles (‘bada-khirv’).

vl 5 32. According to Visnu Pala Sankha’s residence was in Sankhini-nagara.

v1 12 37. Touching the nose was a gesture of astonishment.

vi 13 7. ‘bhara’ technically means an irresistible magic infliction.

vi 13 16. See ii 14 27.

vi 15 7-2. The snake here behaves as a cloud.

vi 16 2-12. Sce ili 9 3-14.

vi 18 5. The doctor was in Garuda-dsana, i.e., his bodily func- tions were stopped in order to retard the progress of the poison.

vi 18 13-15. The doctor’s body was thus to be offered as offer- ing (vali) to the Eight Nagas presiding over the cight quarters.

vii 4 7-2. Cf. RV Io. 155. 3:

ado vad daru plavate sindhoh paré apurusdm

tada ramasva durhano téna gaccha parastaram.

‘The log that floats down there without a man to the other end of the river, thereat do then rejoice, O misfortune, and by that go thou the farthest.’

vii 4 9-14. In Visnu 5155 version of the story Dhanvantari for- bad cremation of his body but wanted it to be interred in a house standing in the centre of the town. He then promised a _ return after six months. But Manasa induced Dhanad and Mana to cremate the body of their guru.

vil 5 7-8. Cf. RV 7. 59. 12:

tryambakam yajamahe sugandhim pustivardhanam urvarukdm iva bandhanan mriyor muksiya ma'mrtat.

‘We worship Tryambaka that wears fragrance and increases prosperity ; like a cucumber (urvadruka) from its stem may I be released from death, never from immortality.’

The following verses quoted by Halayudha in Br&ahmana-sarvasva (edited by Tejascandra Vidyadratna, second edition 1891 p. 134) show

NOTES 305

clearly that the connection of sugandka with Siva was not forgotten in popular religion of the twelfth century Bengal.

sam puspitasya urksasya yathi gandhah susobhanah atidtrat tatha tasya gandhah sambhor mahatmanah tasmat sugandho bhagavan gandharayati Sankarah. gandharasca mahadevo devanam api lilaya

sugandhas tasya loke’smin vayur vati nabhastale. tasmat sugandhitam devam sugandhim pustivardhanam tasya retah pura Sambhor harer yanath pratistitam.

Herein we find an indication why Cando’s tutelary deity has been called Sugandha or GandheSvari. Here is also another reason of Cando being a Gandhavanik.

vii 5 18. The carrying of a gold tablet attached to the top end of a pole was the traditional process of such public proclamations. Cf. the story of the serpent Janmacitra in the palm-leaf manuscript of a Buddhist Vinaya text from Gilgit (edited by N. Dutt, vol. ii, p 126):

tato raja suvarnapitakam dhvajagre baddhva sarvavijite ghanta-

vaghosanam karitam: ya _ uttarapancalavisayaj janmacitram nagapotam anayet tasyemam suvarnapitakam dasyami mahata ca satkarena satkarisyamitt.

‘Then the king, having a gold basket tied at the top of a flag staff,

made this proclamation by the ringing of bell throughout his domi-

nions: ‘Whoever would bring the young दन Janmacitra from the land of Uttara-Pajicala, to him I shal! give away this gold basket and I shall bestow high honour on him.’

vii 5 30. ‘ubhara’ is udbhara ‘levitation or annihilation’; ‘sam- bhara’ is ‘paralysation or petrification’; ‘nisambhara’ is ‘anti-sam- bhara’ .

vii 5 32. ‘naga-vaca siksa’ is the magic lore that gives one the power of assembling and dismissing serpents at one’s will.

vii 5 33. ‘nipuksana’ is obviously a mistake for miksepana.

vii 6 75. Their guru sported thirty-six banners.

vii 8 33-36. In some rural areas in south-west Bengal the day of making friendship (‘sayala’) is still observed. Before friendship is formally made by two persons by exchange of garlands (—not of flowers—) Manasa (or the Sija plant) is worshipped.

vii Im 27. Naga-vaca (now known as ‘sap-cala’) is the occult power of making snakes appear and disappear at one’s will.

viii 1 47, 57. Dhamai is the chariot. In Visnu Pala it is Madhai, which reminds us of the car of the ASvins (madhuwarna, madhuvahana).

viii 5 77. See Notes v 7 7-10

viii 6 g. The original reading probably was: ‘bhabiya manasa- dei dvija vipradasa kai

39

306 MANASA-VIJAYA

viii 8 51-52. See Notes vii 4 1-2.

viii 8 54. Visnu Pala’s description of the disposal of the dead bodies by Manasa and Neto is very interesting and is quoted below. Kali took the crates to Neto and reported her achievement to Manasa.

e katha suniia mata uthila hasina.

se-khane haite mata karila gaman

jarani-mandape jana dila darasan.

neto cha-ta tamar kurya anila tania

chay kalasi visa tay dileka dhalina

se1 chay mana dekha visete bhajina

jarani-mandape mara. rakhila tanina. (500) ‘On hearing this report Manasa (literally, the mother) laughed, and from there shc madc a move. She came to the Hall of Decay (‘Jarani-mandapa’). Neto pulled out six copper coul- drons and poured six pitchcrs of poison into it. Lo! she fried the six dead bodies in poison and hung them stretched in the hall.’

viii 77-76. The story of Usd and Aniruddha here presupposes the story of Bana and his fight with Krsna as described in Visnu- purana, Harivamsa and Bhagavata. Bana had associations with the nagas and was a devotce of Siva.

ix I 3. Read: ‘survarna saimbura puri.’

ix 2 2. Read: ‘aneka chagala mesa kariya validane’.

ix 3 35. Read: ‘ketab korane raji’.

ix 4 15-16. This couplet is probably interpolated. Kharadaha acquired sanctity only after Nityananda the Vaishnava saint settled here sometime in the fourth decade of the sixteenth century. The whole poem (4) may be an interpolation as the places down Triveni do not occur in the account (8) of the voyage given by Cando to the king of Anupama Patana.

ix 6 4. The na@ga’s connection with cloudburst, thunder and rain is very old.

ir 6 17. ‘Hematala’ (‘Henitala’) originally meant the palmyra standard of gold. Taladhvaja (palmyra standard) was the sign of Ananta (or Sesa) the king of दऽ, and no naga could disobey the possessor of it.

ix 8 26. Anupama Patana was obviously not in Simhala.

x I 22. Read: ‘ara vadhi tihari’.

x 5 9. ‘afigari’ may be ‘anguri’ ‘‘ring’’; it may also be the copyist’s misreading of the original ‘a(m)kuri’ ‘‘stick’’.

x 9 18. ‘dinga abharana’’ is obviously a mistake for ‘dingara bharana’.

NOTES 307

x 72. (21005 plight described here is perhaps faintly reminis- cent of the meagre story of Bhujyu in RV 1. 116. 5, 3; 182. 7ab:

tugro ha bhujyim asvinodameghé

rayim na kdscin mamrva’m dvahah * tdm thathur naubhir atmanvatibhir

antarntksaprudbhir apodakabhih.

‘In a cloud burst Tugra left Bhijyu, 0 Agvins, as a dying man (parts with his) possessions. You carried him (to safety) in boats animated and flying through air and untouched by water.’

anarambhane tad avirayethim

anasthané agrabhané samudré

yad asviné tihathur bhujyium dstam

Satanitram navam dalasthiva’msam., “You made him struggle manfully in the flood where there was no support, no station and no hold. Then, O Asvins, you bore Bhujyu home, placed in a boat with a hundred oars’.

kudh suid vrkso nisthito madhye drnaso

yam taugryd nadhitdh pary dasvajat. ‘What indeed was the log that remained firm in the midst of the flood, which the son of Tugra, supplicating, clung to?’

In Visnu Pala’s version of the story Siva and Candi, invoked by Cando, came to his 1८5८. Cando’s invectives against Manasa were not liked by Siva and he left his devotee to his fate. But Candi stood by him and brought down her demons to fight against the serpents of her step-daughter. The demons were pushed back by thc serpents, and Candi called in Garuda who had been away in KuSadvipa. Garuda could not stand before the zdgas headed by Ananta. Candi then called in Hanuman and told him to take Cando and his boat to safety in the lower region. Bali the king of the lower region welcomed Cando as his guest. Cando passed his days happily in playing chess with his host. In the meantime Lakhai was growing up, but Cando’s state was gradually passing over to the control of his personal servant Nera. At the direc- tion of Manasa the fishermen brothers Jalu and Malu went to the nether region and informed Cando of the state of affairs at home. But Cando did not care to return home a poor man. Jalu and Malu approached Vasuki for help. Vasuki pushed him up, and Cando found himself float- ing in waters. His subsequent troubles and indignities are not recount- ed in detail by Visnu Pala.

x 12 61, 70. Cf. ndubhiy adtmanvdlibhth (RV 1, 116. 3c).

xX 13 z-2. Cf. RV 1. 1097. 3.

x 18 20. The reading ‘Cautala’ is uncertain ; it may be ‘Caitala’ or ‘Baitala’.

308 MANASA-VIJAYA

x 19 6. Read ‘sabhajana’ (‘‘attendants and crew’’) for ‘subha- Jana.’

x1 5 34. ‘Mukuta sahara’ is a corruption for ‘Mukuta sayara’ (<tségava) or ‘Mukuta sara’ (savas).

xi 10 57. The imagery of boiling soft iron globules 4s based on the literal sense of siddha, which Cando was, and Behula too.

xi 12 42. ‘Satali’ Hill probably indicated a hill topped by a cluster of seven palmyra trecs, or seven such trees high. The tree was the sign of the king of the nagas and it gave one immunity from the onslaught of the 45.

xii 1m joff. The incident is bricfly mentioned by Ketakadadsa and Vamsidas.

xii 13 52, 54. ‘Sri’ or ‘chiri’ is a toy house made of paste rice or of clay, and making it forms a part of the marriage ritual by the ladies of the bride’s party.

xii 13 55ff. At the conclusion of his pocm Visnu Pala makes a brief mention of Manasa worship at a particular tree where the women- folk went in a procession. Herc Manasé appear as a bountiful arboreal deity. Kalidasa’s Sakuntalé obtained fine apparel from such a deity, when she was about to go to her husband’s place. See 17 33.

xii 14 32, 35, 37. ‘stri-dcadra’ is that part of the marriage ritual which is performed by the womenfolk and where men are not generally admitted.

xii 188 16. ‘chayani’ is the ceremony in a canopied enclosure where the bride and the bridegroom exchange glances for the first time.

xli 23 72. ‘svarna-yantra’ is sanskritization of ‘sonar jamti’ ‘“‘betel slicer made of gold.’’ A Bengali bride has to carry this contraption made of a metal till the last of the marriage rites is over.

xii 23 46. ‘kariya jangala’ (‘‘a barrier made of heaped cowries’’) was for barring out intrusion of ill-luck. Cowries and conch shells were looked upon as insignia of the goddess of luck and cure; cf. AV 4. 10. 3¢d.

Manasa’s attack on the night of marriage was baffled as neither the bride nor the bridegroom did anything to offend the deity of the hearth and home.

xii 32 9. ‘khanda katha’ implies that Behula perhaps had not sat through the recital of a ritual narrative or song.

> 33 3-6. This is interesting. A snake-bite casualty became a serpent in after life and belonged to Manasad-Neto.

1 40. The crow was the messenger of Ill-luck (déto nirrtyah); ef. RV ro. 165.

NOTES 399

ॐ1 44 6. ‘goda’ appears to me as a folk-etymologica] transforma- tion of godha, a large species of water lizard. The description of Janadrdana is built upon the mearing of ‘goda’, ‘‘suffering from elephantiasis.’’ All the enemies (satvavah) Behula encountered at each turn of the river are mentioned in AV 4. 3: vydghra, purusa, vurka, taskara, aghdyu, datvati rojjw (=‘barisiva’, ‘‘angler’’), godha, yaiu- dhana (‘sorceror’; =‘buraniya’ of Vipraddsa). This furnishes an important proof of the theory that the Manasa saga is built up on very old material.

“barasvara’ = ‘barisiyara’ (‘‘of the angler’’).

xii 47. This description of Sijuya Hill shows that the name 15 based on siddha ‘successful in spiritual practice.’

xii 48 6. ‘lobhe’ may be an error for ‘labhe’ or ‘labhe’.

xli 49 5, 6. ‘mahima’ is probably > substitution of ‘bariya’ (‘‘greatness’’) which would rhyme with ‘tariya’ in the next line. Or ‘tariya’ may be restored to ‘tarima’ (“‘urging’’).

xii 49 ro. ‘sane’ should be changed tc ‘ghare’ in order to rhyme with ‘samsdre’ in the previous line.

xii 51 22. ‘duricara’ should be corrected to ‘duraksara’.

xii 52 52. ‘asilena’ should be changed to ‘asi pila’ (‘‘came and sucked up’’).

xii 52 59. ‘jagarana’ is so-called as this section, containing the climax of the story, was sung throughout the night.

xiii 45. ‘bara seyalera’ is a mistake for ‘barisiyara’ (x11 44 6).

xiii 7 43. This is an echo of RV 1 116. 3 (see p. 307). Cf. Visnu Pala:

rajar bhagyer katha kahanc na jay

caudda-khana dinga rajar sukhanete jay. ‘The extreme luck of the king cannot be expresesd ; his fourteen boats came (home) floating over the dry ground.’

And Ketakadasa:

camda banya bale dmi tabe एप] tay

Sukhanete caudda dinga yadi ghare jay. ‘Canda the merchant replied: I shall worship her if the fourteen boats come home floating over the dry ground’.

xiii 8 53. MS. reads ‘sat nage’.

शा 8 54. ‘buhitra’ should be read ‘buhite’ to rhyme with “turite’.

xiii 8 60. ‘sakata’ should be read ‘Sankha’.

310 MANASA-VIJAYA

xiii 8 85-86. The rhyme ‘aémbra: fmra’ should be read ‘amba: jamba’ or ‘ama: jama’.

xili Ir 35. ‘suvadani’ may be read ‘sundari’ to rhyme with ‘dhari’. :

xill 72 5. ‘doyadasga’ (cf. ‘thala vasa’ 35) probably means a piece of cloth or string or some such thing twelve fingers long, which was carried by a yogi; cf. ‘dvadas amgul’ (Gorakh-vani, pp. 41, 53).

xili 12 75. ‘laiya’ should be read ‘ay’.

xlli 73 4. ‘astamangala’ means the auspicious rites on the eighth day when the functions come to an end. In ‘Mangala’ poetry it means the verse that sums up the main incidents of the incident and closes

the poem. It also indicates the closing ‘Pala’ (in Vipradasa the thirteenth).

13 83--84. This couplet appears to be a recent interpolation.

GLOSSARY

Perso-Arebic words are indicated by asterisk. The numerals indicate the page.

A= Arabic ; P=Persian. .

कांग ‘vociferous and tearful,’<akranda.

BFS (50) without interruption’ (?)

apy = अट्कोरिी.

खट्कम्‌] ‘inconsolable attitude, repentance, pitiful utterance’.

afy-atiy = wheres.

wafy (seo) =wyfq (?) ‘ring’, or tips (?) ‘stick’.

SS ASA (290) = यषएन RE.

STAT = SSA.

* WE (४१) ‘sacred ablution before prayer by a Mussalman,’ <A wazii’.

BRAS <ayukit.

waca = wag ‘tears streaming down’.

खशृदु (2249) ‘overjoyed’.

was, Seay the name of a serpent.

VITA (२७०) = खनांप्राम ‘without effort’.

अनिक्रल (खनिक्रम) = aire.

खङ्वक्त ‘attempt, approach’.

ayaa =wgafe ‘having followed some distance’.

यषङ्वन (308) ‘helpful’.

सङ्गान्‌ ‘reason, cause’.

BRATZ (228) ‘attendance’.

SBS (२२४) = ARBSS.

wage ‘behind curtain’.

Bw (५१०) = ay,

weg (208). ऽ. यनन.

BHA (929) = AFF षठेन।.

wag ‘time, respite’, = WT.

BTA (२५७) = SM मनुं ‘celestial nymph’.

312 MANASA-VIJAYA

wafes ( २७8 ), wafes) (se, 592, 990) ‘marriageable girl’, <avivahita + vayahsthita.

wfzats (५७) ‘unmarried’.

खअविगैंन = विभींन.

खयूक्षिभ् ‘foolish’.

खवू ‘foolish, ignorant’ ; = खट्वां.

खयूभिनौ ‘a foolish (woman)’.

uafeafs (२५१) = खङ्ग.

acé (383) ‘worships’, <arcayatt.

खष्टेयक्षन। (208). See Notes p. 310.

BAST, WAI —acestisy ‘not a little’.

Bes ass.

SSs, wey, खां७ ‘woman with husband living’, <avidhava.

areas ‘come!’ <avisatha.

प्या (> १४) ‘three and a half’, <ardhacaturtha.

# प्यांखेनिभ्र। (१७) ‘foremost’, <A auwal.

खां (२१२) = सत्र ‘come !? <ayahr.

खां ऽग्रं (&२, ४०४) ‘residence, house’, <dvarika.

सखाटकृ, "१79 णऽ (2 design)’; खाकिवांटत ; यांकिग्रां ; == मीटक्‌ etc.

खां = खथ ‘uncut’.

atta (५२) ‘(pushing) ahead’.

पयां्चमांनु “moving on’.

यांट्व, यांविवांट्व्‌, खोपिश्र। (sve). ४. acs ete.

खारि ‘ring’, <angustha.

खाण्ड = यष्टा.

यांकर्म = यांखंग्.

पांण्बौटनक = यांब्डिटनेक ‘planted’

यां (२७०) = यी ‘it suffices

खाफ़कनांरे a ceremony held on the eighth day of childbirth <astakalaya.

यांत (२२१) ‘in breadth’.

यांए(1)दैतरांकं a snake.

एका ‘beam, cross-beam’.

GLOSSARY 313

्याष़ारेन ( 229, with कवि ङ] ) ‘became stiff’.

wifeatet 7¥(t) a snake.

STSH (५>२.) = Bere ‘in terror’. :

* GlSca, यांर्ट्म ‘in the rays ( of the sun )’, <P atash.

यांनन = यनन.

खानि ‘your self, own self’,

यांनमांग्रा, atasry “throwing down ( one’s body ) on the ground in

grief,’

सांनीत॒ = खनी.

STATST = BATS.

यांत (४२४) ‘another’, <apara.

atafs (५२७) = खां ‘eagerness’.

सातु ( ५२९, ५८७) = wore.

STATS = BTS.

wicaree (29+) “worshipping’,=sitata.

सखांनिनैना, ‘decorative painting on the ground or on wooden board’,

<dlimpana.

40

खनि ‘low mud wall of a plot of land for cultivation’. e ata] ‘God’, < A allah.

याटनाषएङि (८०) = यट्नौा.

खंकृञ्चिटड = खांएशरिटड ‘on a sudden’:

« Bq (२७९) {६५1९1८८ hall’, < P asar.

Bras (४७) = wats.

af] a kind of rice cake.

» Sicatata ‘horseman’, <~ P aswar.

सयां (५९९) ‘strong desire’, <~ abhikanksa.

wtfefa (०8) ‘a cowherd woman’, <4abhirika.

wip ‘knee’.

यैरि (22>) ‘knee-cap’.

Soa the yogic nerve ida, < ida + pingala.

e रेखांतु ‘trousers’, < A izar.

छेखवनि (४२) the name of a town, < udyamanika. ठेखवनि-न्‌ (98४) ‘the turn of the river near Ujavant’.

314 MANASA-VIJAYA

ठेखानि = छख वनि, < udyanika or ujjayini.

Cate (२७) = ठेकानिष्न।. ‘having dug up and scattered (soil)’, < utksala-.

Sw (with रन्‌, 92) = छे ( < udgam-) or bry ( < udelt ) ‘rises’, or Cy > ‘lord of the stars’.

Cwafa (res) ‘perturbed’, <uttarala-.

छेश्ट्क।८१ = Grates.

Cera ‘billow, billowy, disturbed’, < wtstha- + 11110.

GRIF a snake.

* छेताटन (४) ‘in quest of’ ; cf. A idna’ ‘bringing near’.

fet ‘towaid, for, in search of’, < ui-dig- or uddesa.

Ga] ( ५२२, 20 ) ‘lying away’, < drdhva + dhava-.

Cage (9७) = Geavetfs ‘a crore less a quarter’.

छेशमन (999) = Soy,

छेवृछन (>) = SYS.

छेट्ड (२०) ‘in height’, <ardhva.

डान (२०>) ‘enquiry, search’, <udbhdlay-.

Gstcqy ‘in search of’,.

Ufa (ssc) = ठेनिन ‘came down’. v. Ga.

cq ‘comes down’, <avatarati.

waiox ‘having turned back’, <w«paryasta-.

छेलूटवां़। a snake ; cf. huluta.

छग = चेष. |

छेम। बिभ (sue) ‘having spread out’, < utsaray-.

4टक्-काटनं ‘Simultaneously’, <~ ekena kalena.

aecsfoata (कटै ‘in the land of the one-legged (man)’.

टकश्वत्‌, ATHY ‘alone’.

ट्छ ‘puts in’, afe ‘shall be put in’, efea ‘put in’.

* नाम्‌ (४७) ‘reward’, < A inam.

aq (२२५४) ‘yet’.

* त्रारि (१४) ‘looking after, watchfulness’, < P yad-.

मेत्रि = अत्रि ‘enemy’.

+ 8 (98०) ‘time’, <~ A waat..

GLOSSARY 315

sai “an occult doctor’, <~ upadhydya.

श्राति (99) ‘pavilion, house’, <~ upakarika.

‘eft (२०७) misprint for yf.

टन ‘gets down’. v. Gre.

sata ‘sets down’, <~ avaiarayali ; नांशेन ‘set down’; ७नांशेत्ड ‘to set down’,

evita (२१२) ‘suspended weight or bulk’, <~ avatarana.

केन्‌] (२२१) ‘did’, < krta-.

Fan Fay a water sport of boys and girls where they shout the word and beat the surface of water with their palms. v aj Fal.

कह (Fe) ‘heron’. |

Futsy CSA (२०७) ‘oil worth a farthing’.

कृषि ‘cowrie, price’, <kapardika.

किभ्र! wry (३२०) ‘the little finger’.

afoal खान (४४५) ‘a low embankment of cowrie’(?)

कुशं (५>९) ‘somewhere’.

FCA = कृ.

कश्च (wa) a snake.

कनि (७७). 8 snake.

कनकषटिणि (2) a snake. -* ~

FAB (५२४.) = कनि.

@foaty a musical instrument.

कवृटक (8) = FAH.

fq (४७१, 98७) == के ‘I say, it is said’, <kathay-.

FIO = कमछनू.

Sal कञ्च (५१०). ४. FAM FOR.

ami = कषिग्र। ‘having said’.

कब॒नांन a musical instrument.

wafy ‘you do’.

wae (299) ‘( the trunk of ) an young elephant’, <karabha.

कृत॒] = evar ‘cocoanut shell used as bowl by mendicants’,

कब्रिन (४०) = किव.

कटवुष्टिङ््‌ (२१०) ‘I had done’.

316 MANASA-VIJAYA

#5 (od) a snake.

कर्मठ (५९२) = setae.

fae (१०) ‘liver, heart,’ <kdleyaka.

#* faq| ( कानिग्‌। ) ‘the sacred word’, <A kalma.

SiC = FIA. ४. कटक.

ais (415) cart] ‘a gold bug’.

कए] (५१९) = कए] ‘unbaked’.

#tstatfet (७५) ‘the piece of coarse cloth’.

« क्]किं (७१) ‘a Mussalman judge’, <A qAzi.

कवि ‘chopper’. v. कांड.

{uj a kind of drum, <kdnda.

क] त्‌ ‘helm, helmsman’.

कृशति ‘helmsman’.

ttetq FAT (३००, ५०५ } “wholesale price’.

कडि ‘chopper, sword’, <kartika.

tte (sd) ‘wall’.

कांड (५>२) = कडि ‘weeps’.

sta (see) Krsna.

कानि (०) ‘rag’.

कानि (कनौ) an abusive name of Manasa; literally ‘one-eyed’, < kana.

Fic (४३४), कट्क्घ ‘on the shoulder’, < skandha.

कंन (४७०) ‘fun’, <kalpa.

tTItS} (७२) ‘a saree that excites love’ (?)

tf] ‘mason, workman’, <arman-.

कामि (कामौ) a wild duck, <kamtka.

कनं (229) ‘black’. ata fasta (caste) the two snakes held by Manasa in her two hands. |

FASE = seb, ‘the worst poison’,

कांनष्टिणि a snake.

are (कानि) att a snake.

कानां (ws) a snake, <haliya.

GLOSSARY 317

कांनोकूनि (११) the name of a Mohammedan maid servent, literally, ‘Black Bloom’.

कानि a snake. v. कोना.

काोनिनि माचिनि (२००) = कानि निनौथीनि !

करान्‌ 3 kind of drum.

कटकं (099) ‘the arm’, <haksa.

#tc¥q (229) ‘of the heron’, <kanka.

#feul-catsts ‘the pool of crabs and leeches’, <karkata-yitka-.

ककांनिशौनि (२४२), कन (208) ‘waist’, <kaksa + hankdla.

4teaty ‘chameleon’, <krkalasa.

Sica. ४. कटक.

ip एनं (21255 roof’.

कडि (sex) ‘scythe’, <~ # krtyaka.

कट्ड (999) = कटश ‘on the wall.’

कमि a plate bell or cymbal, <hdmsya-.

fea = fey, ‘some’.

fecaca ‘why’.

Seq cate (2) a snake $ cf. kuhuka.

कुष्नि ‘a Koch woman’, <kamboja-.

कृ] (५४७) ‘a piece of wood’ (2).

कृषि (७७) ‘girl, maid servant’.

Sis (१>) ‘beating at ’, <hitay-.

कृषि (४8>) ‘coarse cloth’ (?)

* FUT (vc) ‘hurt, affliction’, <A kurm.

कुष्छनिभ्र| (२) a snake, <kundalin-.

कृष्व (७) = ८कोशूग,

Pat (४२१) =-कू-वांगे ‘bad words’.

+ SUPT = FFT ‘saffron’ <A kum-kum.

gata ‘potter’, <kumbhakara.

कृभू्रिक। (248) a firework.

gaa ‘osprey’, kurala.

Zafer (8७) ‘combed’.

कुत्रिदक ( 92, २४8, ०४२ ).

कूक्निना। (२). v. Zafer.

328 MANASA-VIJAYA

yaya (962) ‘water gurgled and spat out’. कुनित्र॒ (os) a snake, <kulira(ka).

safer (gefayi) ‘tailor, hawker doing darning job’, <#kuégalika. कृशै[-वांङ “tuft of haga grass’.

Safe ‘mist’, <kuheli + kujjhatika.

GF (od) a snake, kuhuka.

$e (292) ‘hump’, <kubja.

कृतु ‘armlet’, <heyira.

# (-कृांव्‌ ‘book,’ <A kitab.

c#atatfs a neck ornament, <ketakapatrika. c#fa ‘why’.

कृट्वा ग्रान ‘oar’.

CHR (२१५) = fey ‘I spoke’.

(क्न (€>, 969) = (कांत ‘Socket (of the eye)’. CBT] (५२९) ‘wild duck’; cf. kaérandava.

(कट (५२९) ‘is angry’, <kopayatt.

* Cétarqa (१७) ‘of the waist’, <P kamar.

(कोनु (२१२) ‘enlarged testes’.

कंतु (२९०) ‘rendered into a powdery mass’.

* (कृलुंन्‌ ( ४१, &s, 98७ ) Kuran.

catatgfay ( ५२४, ४२७ ) ‘in each other’s arms ; mutually’. c#iq (&>) ‘a small quantity ( of liquid)’. catayfa (२२७) ‘angry’.

(करटगेट = HC ‘IN a Moment’,

cafs (५8) = कडि ‘harm, loss’,

(कय (ws) ‘patience’, (sev) ‘forbearance’, (9४१) ‘stop’, < 6४41012 (क्कम्‌ (३०8), CRATE (२७०) ‘do pardon’ <ksam-. (कमि (228), a kind of wicker basket.

वेन (४५०, १२०). ‘horn, peak’ (a mystic term). शमि ‘parched paddy’.

शुनि (sv) ‘fine (silk) cloth.’

« {7q (७९) ‘information, news,’ <P xabar.

+ युतुभांन्‌ (vs) ‘hard opponent’, <P xar-sang. . `

GLOSSARY 319

# ुनिनं| (४१) ‘lieutenant, assistant’, <A xalifa

येम (2४०) ‘drips’, fax ‘dropped down’,¢yhe ‘remove’,

* <fsfem| (४१) misprint for ~afsfea} ‘omission and commission’, <A xata’ +P gunah.

शान्‌] (es) misprint for eta].

दशैव (289) ‘bowl’, <kharpara.

* शंम] (98०) ‘muslin’, <A २६९8. (३६)

faq = कीतर ‘milk’.

रितम (शिवराम) = कप्त ‘the sea of milk’,

यित्रश्रूनि (>¢) a kind of rice cake stuffed with cream.

शुषि (>02) ‘aunt ( 1. €. wife of father’s younger brother)’, </sudra- tatiRka.

anal (so) ‘small, dwarfish’, <hsudra-.

शतु] (she) ‘a cup’.

धूत्रि (sae) ‘a small cup’.

CaSq (9) ‘shave’, <ksaura.

cantfoa| (५२७) ‘having chascd’.

clwtfera| (s¢3)—=canifee ‘chased away’.

cayefa (ss) ‘brahmani kite’, ksemankari.

(श्‌ टक (४९) ‘shriek out’.

* (]ठं] (vy) ‘eunuch, slave’, <P xoja.

caretfae (१२) =catetye ‘the chief of the khojas’, <khoji+ adhyaksa.

* cata] (४8) ‘God’, <P xuda.

# catty ‘God’, <P xuday.

catty (४११) ‘silk’, <ksauma.

(थांमक ( = थमक) a musical instrument.

(थान (के (१७) ‘potsherd’ (?)

« (शुष्‌ (a>) ‘delight’, <P xwush.

(शाम्‌ शीष] (२५२) ‘itches’.

# (-शूम्‌।गत्‌ (69) ‘pleasant talk, flattery’, <P xwush-amad

* (दमान्‌ (४8) ‘pleasant and happy mood’, <xwush-hal

e catatfers (४१) ‘pleased’. v. catatet

320 MANASA-VIJAYA

ste (298) ‘channel of the Ganga, river channel’, <gangé.

stmay (225) ‘defeat,’ <garjana.

af (am) ‘having built’, += ‘built’.

9 (३७९) ‘surrounding barrier’.

‘Tory (५१२) ‘having caused to be built’, <*gathapay-.

atte (29) 6811652, <ganapati.

agfaa (७8) ‘quaffed’, <gandiisa-.

safsfs a snake. |

तक्खंश-कांनि a snake.

‘cayat (382) a deity.

VHF (dba) ‘a civet,’ gandha-marjara.

Ae (2649) ‘prow’.

शनि (२७०) ‘lane leading to a house’, <kulyd.

« नकि (७४) ‘hero, warrior’, <A ghizi.

sitez ‘ram’.

नो एांटशीन a water fowl.

नव (>>) a low caste.

शीष (नचेत्‌) STFA ( 98a, २२७, २२.१, २२४ ) ‘boat hands’.

atta (१९) ‘sings’, <pgana-,

नीं व्‌-धून (se) ‘raisin of the gab tree’.

attafy (२१७), aq (२७९) ‘sings’, <gathay-.

aicqq (२७९) ‘singer’, <agathana.

नोति (*>) ‘household prosperity’, <dgarika = garhasthya.

शरौ करणि ‘poison doctor’, <gdrudika.

Ney AYA (98, १९, 9४६, >४१) members of a marching army or procession carrying a tall bamboo flagstaff. v. 495.

fate (99) ‘of the neck’, <grivd.

e7fe ‘a small river, the name of a stream’; literally ‘a small ganga’, <agangatika.

eq] (५०२) a kind of anklets with tiny bells, <guiija-.

GIG) (dbs) a bird.

84 (३३४) ‘occult knowledge and power’ ; guna.

छनेवड (०९), eff (४४४) ‘a man possessing occult knowledge and power’. |

4I

GLOSSARY 34t

faa (sus) ‘iguana’, godhika.

@ छन्‌] (४१) ‘sin’, <P gunah.

CFS (३९३) = (गरी ‘skull of cattle’, <gomunda.

eH! ‘betel nut’, <guvaka-.

त्रि = cata} ‘fair-complexioned girl’.

CAR (299, २२४) ‘TI went’.

CHAT = BY.

cacay (200) went’. e

catty (229) ‘informed’, <gocarita.

* CARA (bo). ४. CATH.

(| (ss) definitive particle used with a numeral. CATG. V. BTG-cMG.

(खांशे), (नींखा श्रा ‘having closely followed’, <MIA_ godda ‘foot’. (नानि ‘foot-wash water’, <godda + paniya.

(नीतं (290) ‘heavy swelling, elephantiasis’.

(भीरि ‘a man suffering form elephantiasis’.

(तीशे (292, २७०) == (भौन ‘moustache’, <gumpha. catat® (२२९) ‘passed’, <agamapita-. ए. (रात्र.

(तीर्थ (22) Goraksanatha.

cateaty (७>) ‘artillary men’, <NIA gola+ P «dar. (भना (४>) ‘cannon ball’, <e goldka.

* caitaty (vs) ‘slave, servant’, <A ghulim.

# (7 गन्‌ (9) ‘washing, bath’, <A ghasl.

(नीमा, cattatest ‘God’, <gosvami.

e capa (७७) ‘anger, angry’, <A ghugsa.

(जत्रा ‘passes’ ; ctrareai. ४. carare.

ओटवन््रक्‌ (१) a neck chain.

ACB (५०१) ‘happens’, <ghatati.

UB (५७०) a vegetable dish.

qq (७४) misprint for चन,

घ) (वांग्र)-बूट्य ‘in the opening of the wound’, <ghdia+. चारै (>2¢) ‘small opening in a dyke or embankment’, <eghdtika. qa नध ‘bell anklet’, <gharghara nipura.

344 MANASA-VIJAYA

Fe (५) = घुष्‌ ‘dove’.

qb) (२8) ‘stirring’, <eghunta=ghirna.

धूम (22%) ‘removed’. धूमानिं (229, २००) ‘magic that puts everybody to sleep’. v. मिनि. gas. ४. (घाट. (वात्र-तणि (२>) ‘strap that moves the churning stick’. v. धूप. (वात्र (929) ‘turbid’.

ceca ‘proclaims’, <ghosayati. »

BFR (99°), BCH (२०), Bea (३४>) a waterfowl, <cakravaka. bYIF (9D) a snake.

bys ‘sparrow’, <catuka.

BYF (390) ‘sip’.

* Bafa (०४8) a firework, ‘catherine-wheel’, <P carxi.

एतन (20) inistake for बन ‘putting in’.

BITF (४५७) ‘In a hive’, <cakra.

* एकु (585, 985, 50¢, 9९४) ‘servant’, <P cakar.

णोकि (२२२). ४. attB-oife.

# एत (४8) a fire work (१) <P cadar.

BING (225) ‘slap’.

एन्‌ (2549) ‘do press’ $ stv (४२१, २०२) ‘presses close’; गीं डेन (284)

‘put ( the boat ) close ( to land )’, एनी (५४२), एनी (88).

एत॒ ( 98, 209) ‘beast and bird food’.

एन (४२, 929) ‘roof, thatch’.

bite (५४) ‘causes to move’, <calayati.

BIg (dab) ‘rice’. |

एर (२२९), एाटर्‌ ‘seeks, wants’ ; एङिति] (३३३).

षिक्व्र (११७) ‘lightning’.

fofS a species of snake, <citra(ka).

णवि (2). v. ष्डि.

fofere (२२) ‘do you recognise’, <cthnayatha.

fox ‘wake up 1’ <cetaya.

foxtg (>>) ‘wakens’, <ecelipayati.

feafa ‘comb’. :

GLOSSARY 323

Safer (8७) a snake.

शिविरा ‘having reat open’.

fot (५१०) ‘kite (bird), <cilla.

गणि (२५७, 298) ‘a small wicker basket’.

prifeal (२५२) ‘as big as a small wicker basket’.

BU (५१०) ‘topnot’, cada.

ऽति (se) a tree.

COAG] (५५७, sve). lump, tablet, v. Notes p. 305.

* एतु] (१०) ‘lamp’, <P ciragh.

* cofemty ‘a man carrying a banner’, <P cang ‘hook for guiding

an eleplent’ + -dar.

CBIT# (*१७>, ०४१) ‘on a bamboo pole’.

(क न्‌ (५४०, ५४१५) ‘banana skin’.

८४ शटन (२8) ‘in the jaw’.

(फो क्र ‘door frame’, <catuskastha ; (एोका। (>).

cBYStal (२२९) ‘porch, pavilion at the gate’, <#atustara==catvara. (दत्तेन (४8) ‘four-poled palanquin’,. <«* caturdolaka.

Byer (५४७) ‘carrier of four-poled palanquin’. स. COCR TA.

(नां (५९७) a game (dice), <eacatuspataka.

cBifezs ‘on all sides’, <caturbhittt.

(षोभ (२१९, 29) a place where the river forked into four

channels ; <caturmukha. BEUq (982) ‘deck cabin’, <chadi-grha. Beal (५8७, 8५) ‘having darted down and snatched away, making a sudden dash’. v. peu.

ey विष्टं (29%) ‘in various steps and poses’.

uf एज (22) ‘coloured designs, portraits’.

निव ‘shall be tried surreptiteously’ $ निट, ufem, afer. ष्टां ऽनि, ग्नि (8२, 8७) a canopied area where some of the marriage

rites are performed, <chddana-.

टंक misprint for uy Ft. Bete (२०४) ‘leave’, <chardayantt ; EIU क. टट (ss) a bird.

24 MANASA-VIJAYA

sifs. ‘umbrella’. ए. (कां

wifa (292), having beckoned’, <samjié-.

ष्टौ कन। (५५२) ष्टौ कन)

ष्टाकन।, द्ीफन। ‘canopied area’, <chddana + advaraka.

wife ‘having tied securely’.

ela (११) ‘spiced dish of food’.

शिनि, शिनि ‘long strips of split bamboo for holding the thatch tight.’

शिवि (>) something like a doll’s house made as part of women’s marriage ritual, < ई.

रे (vy, 200) ‘making # dash’, <ksup. v. wea.

Bata (ds) ‘corpenter’, <sitradhara.

cee (१७) ’thrown away as useless and dirty’, <ksipta.

CHUA (>86 BE-UF

# cer (७१). v. CHa.

छंरे (sb) a bird (9)

BISA, waecat a nume of Manasa.

खशणि a name of Manasa $ <jagratt.

ऊन (>) ‘eagerness’, <-yatna.

BCS Y Fell AX.

« एवांव्‌ ‘reply, talk’, <A jawab.

« afacq (१७) ‘on the ground’, <P zamin.

B-Ab (wo) ‘scarf of victory or succeess’. ४. FY-cqS.

छग्रकांनि (229) कानि नाभिनौ.

छप्र-(नख (0d, ८१) ४. खञप्र-यीएन,.

छत्‌९कांनु--खवर्कक्र,.

छर्टेलां ‘was generated’; कनी (२०७ ) ‘I generated’ $ ofa “was born’,

BCT (२७८) -जनटयणग्.

कन-नींन्‌ (११९) ‘light refreshment’.

खमा्षनि (20>) ‘offering of water to the honoured dead’,

apefe (20>), whet (७) a nome of Manasa ; janguli.

GLOSSARY 325

esta (५७) ‘offers freely’, < ydcayali.

oth) wt) (१२) ‘large and small sticks’, < yasti-.

Gifs (४७) as in qanl कडि, = गं ifs pressure’ (१) <yantrika.

खं ।खिश्वैव (sey) —atfeagq ‘one who retains the memory of the former birth’.

Gia (8) यान ‘vessel’.

wifa (७8) ‘adept’, <paani.

Gifs (sa) नि ‘as, as if’.

Gifs] (५७>) ‘you had known’.

# wirefy the name of a Mussalman maid servant; <A za‘fari ‘yellov, saffron coloured’.

ख| वृ] मा] (९७) ‘having smeared’.

छं] श॒ (५४९, २२) सखा 8 ‘gor <ydle.

किनिनं (२०७) ‘pervaded’, literally ‘won’ ; किनि ; < 17.

fea.ety (>२>) किद्ग ‘in the tongue’.

@icq ‘shall live’, कीन (950, 22) ‘came back to life’, < jivat.

afen, afm ‘having measured accurately’.

a fiatfi—caifstet ‘a yogt woman’. |

Bam (२७०) ‘a ‰/0 man’, < 1047.

wary (१०) ‘fighter’, <(#yudhyukdra.

BS (20>)=casfs ‘glow’.

BS ECS (२४६) =युट्व ye. ‘in herds or bands’.

Bale (29) ‘attachment, i. e. ornament’, <yukit.

OA (२५२) ‘gambling’, <dyiita.

wala ‘gambler’, <dyiitakdra.

* way (४१) ‘force’,<A zulm.

(कति (जशो ‘house lizard’, <jyesthiha.

cate] (982) ‘measurement, detailed account’. v. afaz.

Catata (ab, 925) ‘attendance, supply’, <yoga-.

(णार (252) ‘gambler’. v. qx.

* cate ‘Mussalman weaver’, <P julfha.

cata (208) ‘of lac’, <jatu.

वहात (20>) ‘thunder or flash ( of lightning )’.

320

MANASA-VIJAYA

4FITA (225) ‘thunders, flashes’.

are (se) ate ‘a flight of birds’.

arafz (se) « kind of drum, <jharjhara.

ACB = का ‘quickly’ ; cf. jhatits.

arate (av) ‘palanquin’, <jhampana.

ata (83) ‘festoon’.

atfa (8७, 98>) ‘water pot with a snout’.

arate. ४. कानीन.

arf (228) ‘a kind of lidded wicker casket’.

fa Grays (२७७) ‘daughter and son-in-law’.

4S (22) ‘(a growth like) a forelock’.

acs (२8६) 1४ the forelock’.

दमूकि (ss, 598) ‘festoon’ (9)

a4 (vw) ‘sheds tears (in delight)’, fam (२२१). वनि (200) ‘pouch’.

Ais कन (>०).

Bae (>) a kind of musical instrument.

ठन (208) ‘spills’, <talalt.

Bias (>>) ‘hang up high’, <tanga ‘height’. Bra पणि (2) ‘pulling rope’.

Bev (sya) Fehr (१) a small bird.

cbaq (sya). ४. ठिक.

(गं क] (५४२) ‘a small basket’.

(गक एङि (228) ‘umbrella worn as hat’; cf. Portuguese ‘touca’ (नैत (४२) ‘bridegroom’s ceremonial head dress’. $18 (8०, ५०२) ‘army in array’.

Sica ‘in tho gait (of)’.

costa (२२७) ‘puts in touch’.

coatcsf% (२२७) ‘touching one another $ side by side.’ COCF (ष्यं कण्‌ (३४७) (9)

CSR] (५२७) ‘stout stick’.

Comex (223) ‘belabouring with a stout stick’, छक्र (८८), UY A (२७) ‘tiger cub’.

GLOSSARY 427

जाकटोकितनैट (584) ‘the post couriers and watchmen’. wits (१९७) ‘by the roar of’.

Gi] (३७३) ‘robbery ; literally, shouting’.

एंव a deep bow! made of brass or bell metal. wifes ‘lentil soup’.

एरक] (29°) a kind of water fowl.

fez (9४९) ‘a daring or impertinent youngman’. Bate (sea) ‘a diver’. |

waa, Byer ‘a Dom woman’.

A (५५२) a kind of drum, <damaru.

एटनं (२७8) ‘falls down senseless’.

निक a kind of drum.

कि (89, 39) ‘beating of drum’.

CBS (2249) ‘billow’.

एक] (9 ९&>) ‘hard push’,

न्‌ (२५१२) ‘a lump’.

(गन (&>) a kind of drum.

ङक रेक] (१०, १७७) ‘cap’.

उरश्न =-टेखन.

ङ्क] (582, 962) ‘coin’.

* Sofa ‘salutation’, <A taslim.

* रखविखं (७४१) ‘enquiry’, <A tajwiz.

खिन्न (२१४) ‘urge’.

GQa-ofF (१6०) ‘rice flour’.

ऊर कल्‌ (२०) ‘at once’.

छ्‌ (५२२) = र्द.

« Safe (१०, १९) ‘an archer’, <P tamuk ‘broad-headed arrow’. GSISS (996) --रटम-श ?

* Baty (४१) ‘tobaco’, <P tambaku.

SF (२२०) ‘yet’.

Satefa ‘quickly’, <tvard.

wary (२२७) ‘fear, terror’, <trésa.

Stem Rafe (249) ‘a wicker basket used by weavers’ (?)

328 _MANASA-VIJAYA

# मांग (be, oy) ‘all, entire, complete’, <A tamam.

Bla (992) ‘they two’.

SIA-CATG] (292) ‘root of a palm tree’.

Sastre] (ora) a bird.

FS%4 (५>२ ङक.

fsfta =fsfea a bird, <.

fsa, डतर (७) ‘lower beams of a thatched roof’.

छिना ‘the wooden beams on the top of walls to which the frame of the thatched roof is fastened.’

fourafs (229), ferrite fears ‘sun’.

fisef& ‘three-peaked oven,’ <trikiitika.

# BUF ‘a Turk, a Mussalman’, <P turk.

ङ्‌ वछि (०४४) a firework.

Bats (१०) misreading for safe.

Bia (>>७) ‘quilt’, <salika.

छग वड SAI.

# (डनांनिभि (ws).

contfen (seo) a game, <*tripanktika-.

CHF. ५. SFA.

* (Sats (obs) ‘guard, garrison’, <P ta‘inat.

* (छाव (ve) ‘vow to sin no more’, <A tauba.

(डावर (२०४) =ceray ‘your’.

#*ङ] ख्व्‌] (१०) ‘to thee (my) vow to sin no more’, <tu ast tauba.

Fe (२७०) ‘remain !’

धुन] (७8) ‘station’, <sthana.

भालं दनं (७९). ४. (त्रान.

CYS) कृष] (252) ‘indistinct speech’.

HIG a kind of drum, <drakata.

तणगमां a kind of drum.

FEATS (०७७,४७४) ‘throne, authority’.

ख~] (205) ‘fang bite’.

WITS (ct) ‘toothless’.

WAS = HAS]

42

GLOSSARY

तड = EEX, ‘boast and pomp’.

एटश्न्‌ a bird.

« wWaiceq (४६) ‘of a tree’, <P daraxt.

# WaAcTs, तुव ‘a dervish’, <P darwesh. # ufam ‘sea’, <P darya.

* Wate (ve) ‘amazement’, <A dahshat.

श्निव ‘shall bite’, uf area, asfacs, मशि, पमि क्‌ ; <dams..

ता (222) ‘claim necessity’, <déaya. RST ASS (५७३). ‘kneel down’ (?)

# तन्‌ (bo) ‘grain’, <P dana.

witht (99१) ‘brag’; wrt (299) ; <darpa-. * Wf] a kind of drum; cf. P damima.

क्िट्दि-निनि (२२१) =-किवांनिभि.

frat, frat ‘lamp’, <dipavartika.

ए४-द्मि, ए्रक-८कनि ( ४९०) sweetmeat preparations with milk.

एग्पि ग्र. ‘drum’.

gutta (8७) ‘gateman’, <dauvarika. awry Arh (२२०) नदान्‌ वाग.

प्रन श्रु (३२8६) ‘dear son’.

339

प्रव्रि yefa a kind of flute (having a double set of boles?). ५. catafa

«cwate ‘a royal court’, <? diwan. 2 cHatace (५४8) misreading for (कञ्चन avy. * (त्रान्‌ (४२) ‘wall’, <P diwéal.

caetal ‘temple’, <(devagrhaka.

CHOIRS (५) पनाम.

Cry (३५०) पर्‌ा.

(नौऽखं (७२) ‘second’, <(*dvitya.

curate] (209). v. Notes, p. 310.

(णाना (98१, ५४७, 9४१) “palanquin’.

(तांमब्र (४8०) ‘second, equal’.

caratfa कना (seb) ‘double doors’.

crratfa ग्रहति. ५. प्रभवि ब्व.

530 MANASA-VIJAYA

(फांशंणि (४२८५, ३२७) a contraption for catching fish in shalldw running water.

जं.

ufar=yfas ‘softened’. -

catatta (२२९, 22%)=9t7q ‘at the door’.

शकं (3८8) खश्च ?

ufantefey (२४) a snake.

श्ष्ङतिशेग (s+) ‘followers (or disciples) of Dhanvantari’.

afer fSfs (2) a snake.

धनि शनि (>) श्र.

शग्रकि (vs, १६) ‘archer, bowman’, <dhdanuska, dhanuskika.

fare (8०) a snake, (99, go) a name (or a snake).

शुगिनि (४>) ‘bad woman’.

शिक (ca) —afes.

शून्यत ्मन (२७२) ‘died countlessly’.

धमि (>). ५. प्रमति.

धूगिग्रा (वा| (2) a snake.

धूम, ¥4,—yy. ‘smoky, i.e. smoke’.

caffe (२१९) ‘washerwoman’.

OTHE ‘having contemplated’, <dhya-.

AFH (vo) ‘design, drawing’, <A naqsh.

*21q (69) “announcement of one’s lineage’, <A nasab, nisab.

नख (9१), नट (258) ‘move on’! नणि (३१५) ‘moved on’,

नणि (०१५) ‘walking stick’ <MIA latthi.

नडं (>¢>) ‘a ceremony done on the ninth day after the birth of a son’, <napirka.

नवनि (१५०) ‘butter’, <navanita.

* नवां (9९०) ‘candied sugar’, <P nabat.

qINy (४२) = नव्रश्न्त्र ‘barber’.

# नतु (४४) = नत ‘an army’, <P lashkar.

afeq (५०२) ‘do not be’!

a (२२७) ‘boat’, <aava.

HITS (22.0) नां नांगट्छ.

GLOSSARY 33२

Sate (2) a snake.

नाक्छि (vo) ‘faggot’.

नोत्‌ (bs, 29) ‘a very extensive and valuable plantation’, <laksdrama.

at161(89) ‘a serpent worn as scarf’.

नागरा (७०, 598, 92%, २२०) ‘occult control over serpents’.

नांटशश्वनी (205) a name of Manasa.

ना-षोःन (98७) ‘in the place of dancing’.

नाढानि (se) ‘suffering’, <*nastapanika.

नाण्िदष्डमं (५५२) = नां गण्डः.

atfsfe (२५४) ‘grand daughter’, <napir-.

at#t (७१९) ‘an carthen water-jar or vat’, <nandika.

atata ‘a hole, a pit’.

xatate ‘a Mussalman’s prayer’, <P namaz.

atatcavy (298) misprint for गांप्रोटवट्मै.

नांतिटकन-शरूनि (४९०) a sweetmcat preparation of cocoanut.

नान्‌ (५२५) ‘saliva’, <lala.

fasca ‘comes out’, निक्निनं <niskalay-.

श्रः मिका (४१) ‘Mussalman marriage’, <A nikah.

निरिन (s2¥)=fafae.

नित्रणङ्ि, निशे ‘says’, <nigad-.

निनि ( ५२१, 9२४, २०० ) ‘magic for putting everybody to sleep’, <nidrakarika. v. garter.

fay (206,22) ‘you condemn’.

faster] (>०७) = निट्कनंमै (?)

faafua (>) ‘completed’, <mvaria-.

निवा (४७) ‘complete’.

fafa (२२१) =निरिष्टिं ‘attention’ (?)

facaf# (२०४) ‘I state, offer’, <niveday-.

नित्रक्कव्‌ Sy (225) ‘the unwritten Tantra’.

निवक्रि्न| (२०१, २२९) ‘having ascertained’, <cniriks-.

fares, fates ‘Intangible God’.

निर्वीभिनौ (७) a name of Manasa. ` ४. Notes 2. 293.

निशिता (228) ‘having (caused to be) built’, <nirmé-.

MANASA-VIJAYA

faq Tf (२) ‘builder, maker, artificer’, <nirmdanika. निगैकटब्थं (२५७) =-निःगटह.

feritzq (av) ‘in drums’, <‘niksuana.

faptq (२००) ‘thief’ (?)

ferizy (५७>) =-निखटन्‌ ‘emits’ or निष्कृटत्‌ ‘utters’. निमकटक (२५५) निरश्मट्. v. निशकटष्-

« निमान्‌ (२२९) ‘banner’, <P nishan.

निषव (29) misprint for निव.

MS=afS ‘procedure’.

करन] (252) ‘armless’.

Tofy (२५४) = मुरख.

गुखक। मुखा कत, ASF=- 71S कृ, FSF] नङ FI.

नुकि (२५१७) -- नकौ.

नृङावो (२५१) = नरकौ.

casey ‘having turned back’, <xivarta-.

crate. v. freee.

# (नखं ‘spear’, <P nazah.

cau] the name of a Hindu servant, literally ‘shaven head’ CATS] (20¢) ‘fine cloth’.

(नषांटन ‘looks carefully’; caatfa, caatfam; <nibhdlay-. (न षणि (२३७) ‘small erruptions’. v. (वृक्षि Cafam=cacaey ‘fruit offering to a deity’.

Cafa (>) == ८्न षङ.

CHATS (१५) ‘in the south-west corner’, <(nairrta.

* (नोक्त ‘anchor’, <-> langar.

sqsfyq (५७) ‘prophet’, <P paigham-bar.

PW (dR, dG, 290) —= नक्की.

गन्क-रू 1] (>%>) ‘fowler’s net’. |

1G (8 9), AG] ‘a kind of drum’, <pataha.

o13] (>to) an item in women’s ritual in marriage. ifs ‘having muttered (incantations)’.

ofsaaw7gt a name of Manasa. -नंखांजन (१०७) = याजन.

GLOSSARY 333

Mots (२३), tafe (४१०) ‘lotus stalk’.

ATI (200) ‘lotus-born’.

* शंसत्न (४४) ‘foot soldiers, men on foot’, <P pay + NIA dala. AMT ACT.

AANPHS (२७९) AH fre.

भेदविषमि (२७७) ‘having satisfied’, <paritus-.

ataifeq] ‘having scrutinized’.

गेद्र्रागाहे (208) amas ‘one’s alotted span of life’.

शर्व वाभिनौ (©) a name of Manasa.

« AB efy (४४) ‘valiant’, literally ‘heroism’, <P pahlawini.

* “Baty (१९) “an atheletic man’, <P pahlawan.

Ay) itfe (५०२) a kind of bangles or wristlets (with tiny mirrors

attached? Cf. Carya song: टपु atatt मा cae aT)’ <pratiksa-patrika?

SEK (१०) ‘foot soldier’, (s8¥)‘boatmen’, <MIA paikka. atafem (१५) ‘having caught hold of’.

नौं कानिश्र] (७२) ‘having given an angry look’.

stants (229) ‘by flapping the wings’, <paksa+MIA satta. Atte, Atcavs ‘by the wings’, <paksa.

नशं a kind of drum, <faksatodya.

नशु (>8) ‘armoured soldier’, literally ‘armour’, <Apabhramsa akkhara <(paksavara.

शौ शुचिश्च carey (>) ‘mailed (1.८. war) horse’. v. शयन.

नौं दौनिभ्रा ‘having washed clean’; *tatfae $ <praksdlay-.

Atby (५४७) ‘stick used for urging cattle’, <prajana.

Ate (१०२) ‘sends’, <prajayati or prancayatt.

site] (८8) slow burning and smoking taper that burns for a

length of time’, <prajuala.

नंढे ‘flat seat made of wood or metal’.

oitba (२२९४) ‘of fine cloth made of flax’.

गुकिटन (१४९) ‘silk or linnen stuff.

नैन ‘port town’, <pattana.

ste} ‘cloth worn as chest band’, <patta.

siverata (99), ‘screening curtain’, <patfavdra.

334 _MANASA-VIJAYA

aitsty (>8¢). ४. tcBtata

TTS (b,>99) ‘lintel’

“ATG, YG] (>80) ‘seasoned pumpkin’, <paindu knsmanda. v. नौ.

गैडांनक्गां त्री (७) a name of Manasa

aif ‘having laid out’; tf ‘laid out’, <péira-.

नाखि (as in (कब्र नाखि, Tei ats) ‘band’, <patrika.

atfa ‘water’, <paniya.

ofA (२४२) = गोभिष

tira] (298)=At84 ‘shall be obtained’, <praptavya-.

eAty~ay (१०) ‘foot soldier’. ४. नैन.

ata, wea ‘pigeon’, <paravata.

शोर्वडी (0,205) a name of Manasia.

भान] (8¢) ‘section of a ritual narrative (‘mangala’ or ‘pamcali’) sung in a single sitting’.

atfafs (o>) ‘palanquin’, <paryanka-.

atefa (sss) ‘a foot ornament: toe rings chained to anklets’, <padapdsa-.

नीँसु% (२००) ‘unjust behaviour, ill treatment’.

Atay (५५०) ‘do forget!’ नीमि ; गजि; <apasmr-.

नीषि (५९२) ‘ceremony to be donc on the fifth day after the birth of a child’, <pajica-varia-.

गीष, कुश्रिका (१७). ४. Ae Sy.

निं4 (229) ‘drinks’, <pibati.

निंष्टणि-वक्ष (sev) ‘trap-door at the back’.

शिशंनि (५१>) ‘rice paste’, <pista-.

शिखा (५१०,५१8 = नि, fas.

निरएटनाटक (५६७) = निंङ्टनांटक.

निशैनांभ्र (७) a clan name, <paippalada-?

भिग्रङि (२०७) ‘drink’, <pibanti.

शिष्टे = शट.

fafafS (22) ‘satisfaction, assurance’, <(pritt-.

« May (v4) ‘of Pirs’, <P pir.

CR (२७७) ‘asks’, <prcchati.

Hef ‘statuette, doll’, <puttalika.

शरू ट~न॑द (dvs) ‘letter attesting the probable birth of a son’.

Ica ( ०४) = कृट्तु ‘it appeals’, <‘sphurati.

Tq (82) ‘blow (conch shells)’, <purayati.

“retry (25) “making a leader’,

ofa. ४. fasta, atfaceet afer.

शूशे धर्म (४०, ००७,२२१५२२>) = शशं नैर्‌ ‘betel nut and betel leaf’.

Ata समाग (२३२) ‘of the size of a big round paddy container’

<‘piutaka-.

roof’,

offer (२२१) =खगी-भूरम

HA (९,२७२) = भूनीरखि.

# CATWA (208). ए. नतभ्रु.

* CANT] (४१) ‘messenger, footman’, <P piyada.

(नम्‌ (999) ‘a post that supports a main post supporting a thatched

CATS] (>a, 99%) ‘plinth’.

cotata (१४) ‘loose paddy straw’, <pravala. ATT (२४२) = भोयुम्‌.

atafy (२०१) ‘bows down’; es fay]; <pranam-. ACI (२५२ २२०) ‘enters लटवभिन <pravis- @vaty (292) ‘response’; <pravodha-.

अटवा (२४२) ‘do respond!’

यथन (4+) ‘armoured (horse)’. $. नीवि. oaevay (208) ‘praises’, <(prasams-.

मटर (२१७) stretches’, <prasarati.

` यैखाद्व (299) ‘is proposed’, <prastavay-.

etizsata ‘life, soul’

CHS (:) कौ! (०७७, see) = atwesfpat

® कथ, FAS, कटसख। (७१, २8६७} ‘prayer for the dead’, <A fatiha « कृकिटवत्र (95) ‘of a fakir’.

कंकन (१२४) “distracted, puzzled’,

कुठि हि (20s) ‘have hatched’.

कुनदी तु (299) ‘basket of flowers’.

336 _MANASA-VIJAYA

yay] (252) ‘swelling’.

Cetetey (५२७) ‘making a hiss’.

# CNS (७४) ‘dead’, <A fawat.

* Jani (Ya) ‘egg’, <A baiza.

वृह ‘turn of a river’, <vakra. v. वंक, 47@.

TE (२५०) = AF. ४. Fs.

4TH, वट ‘passes time, lives’; दु, que, afez, Ties, afece; <vanc-.

aa (see) a प्प्‌, <vartaka-.

वृ (मगमरांटनतु टक (२२७) = Foe FF (255).

वमि, वणमि ‘fishing hook, fishing angle’, <vadisa-.

वृश्चत (>>). v. वष्मिग्राल.

afG (२५११) ‘pill’, <vatika.

afefata (२४२) ‘of the man with a fishing hook’. v. fy.

# awa ‘exchange’, <A badal.

# वाहनिक् (sve) ‘I exchanged’; qyfayi (28%, २७४). ४. वृषन्‌.

वनि (>¢8) ‘sister’. v. विनी.

# वृनूकि (vs) ‘a musketeer’, <P bundig.

aq (with fey) ‘a man armed with or carrying a bamboo pole’. <vambha-.

aq (seb) = वटश्‌ <vahati.

द्विव (98० ) ‘shall do ritualistic welcome or farewell to’; afar (५४२) $ Aa (985) ; <varay-.

445] a musical instrument.

* aztafq ‘in the presence of; to’, <P bar-d-bar.

afaca (५२९) ‘rains down, gives abundantly’, <varsa-.

aan a@ifs (+e) particular items in housebuilding that keeps tight a thatched roof. ;

वि (*क>्) ‘unguent, oil’, <varniha.

aafa (ce) ‘name’.

afer (१७) ‘strong’, <balivan.

qontAl (202) ‘bull’, <ursabha.

वृहि (५४५२, 20) ‘without’, <vahis.

afeq] (२०१, 208) ‘having traversed or run up along’, <vak-.

GLOSSARY 337

वंशिनि-ङि (sed) ‘sister’s daughter’.

विनो (a2) ‘sister’, <bhagini.

afe-afa (¢¢) misprint for afe-xfe.

tiGatz (२७) ‘moves around, turns in 4 circle’, <uydghutd-?

कौ (222) ‘plays on a musical instrument’, <vuddayati.

वीनां (७, 399) ‘low, flat’, <vamanda.

Teel (४८७) —=qheal.

stew (४८१) = वांश्क-कन्‌ (¢) ‘the host of palanquin carriets’,

STFU ( doe) = वीं क्र ‘a tough man’,

वाक] WH! (>४८) ‘betelnut given as tribute to a tough man’.

वृंकूणि (ee) ‘house’ (2), <udsakuti-.

वां कटएक्। (२२७) == वांषणांक्त. ‘High Land of the Tiger’.

ates (sv>) a bird. |

atq-BfG (७९) ‘tiger-skin’.

aty-stfet (३९७) a kind of children’s chess game.

atetf (28) a style of fencing or wrestling.

® at (9४8) ‘pyrotechnics’, <P bazi.

# वौ कन (५४8) ‘pyrotechnist’, <P bazigar.

वी (वाणि) wrt (9%, ११) ‘leading to the house’.

ATS (sa¢, १९१) ‘stick, baton; staff’, <vadhri.

दान्‌ (8४) ‘magic arrow’, <udnd.

as (३४७) ‘word, speech’, <vuarta.

वांछ (229) ‘long and slender sticks of split bamboo’.

arotfer (8४).

Tray, (8 १, >9) ‘a wrangler’s bangles’.

ate, ater (५२५) ‘in conflict with’.

वारि (ses) ‘a snake charmer’.

वान (>७, 999) ‘banner’, <varnaka-.

वाजिन्न्‌ ‘a man of the merchant or trader class’, <vantk.

# वृजि (७७) ‘slave girl or maid servant in a Mussalman household’, <P banda.

atartfal ‘wife of a man of the merchant class’.

वांभु-चमु (२७७०) ‘a married girl’s father’s house’. |

43

MANASA-VIJAYA

ay (>) ‘father’.

ECE फन्‌ (४9) berries of the plant ४४४).

aq (38,593) ‘in the arm’, <bahu.

atata (२७९) ‘player of musical instruments’, <uiddana. रोव्रर। = AE.

ata ‘pitcher, big waterpot’, <varaka.

atfa ‘small waterpot’, <varika.

acaars कष्‌] (259) ‘tale (of woe) for twelve months’,

<dvddasamastka.

aia (sa) ‘youngman,’ <vallabha.

वानि ‘girl, young woman’, <valhkd.

# atfaq (५९१, १८४) ‘pillow, cushion’, <P biilish. ata (20a) ‘nest’, <udsa-.

वाष्टौ (>) ‘wristlets’.

वटक. ४. 4B.

© तरि (ve). ४. वाजि.

विकि (५०४) ‘sale’, <vikrita.

विषशिश्र| a snake, literally ‘a span long’.

faces (५8) ‘within’.

विव्णाएश (७६) = विद्राणे.

विशि ‘put to trouble’, <vidamba-.

विदि (२५२) = विंड.

विदि (२५९) = वृद्धि.

विन ‘topsyturvy’, <*visthana (opposite to samsthana). # दिङ्ना ‘adieu’, <A wida’.

विक्रा (५२४) ‘occult knowledge’, vidya. विक्छिभ्र] (५२०) misprint for विषखिग्र.

« विनदन (sev) ‘in the sight of’, <P binand. दिनांन। (२९9) = वीगानञ.

faai (५७२) ‘marriage’. ४. विजा.

# विवि ‘a Mussalman married lady’, <P bibi. fas] ‘marriage’, <vivaha.

fagfrs (>>) =वृदट्षिऊ. ‘hungry’.

GLOSSARY 339

वियति ‘deliberation; thoughtful, sad’, <vimarsa. faatfa (228) ‘fan’, <vyajant.

frre =विश्वकर्ी.

विष्खांटनं (8५) =-faretcay. ‘by the agony of poison’. विसम्‌ एकि (8१) ‘terrific beating of drums’.

fae = वृष्टि.

efaaqei ‘in the name of God’, <A bismi’ lah.

विभब्रिष ‘I forgot’; विमतिन)$ <vismr-.

विष्ट (or) ‘in the gallery’,

युक्‌ (२०५) ‘heart, mind’.

*वूखनुतरिं (१०) ‘greatness, wonderful power’, <P buzurgi. qfarn (२२०) = gaz.

वूनिश्र। (288, 258, २५९, 220). ‘diver’ (?)

Wwe (2.98) == yor.

qui fa (१४) वृ भि (9). | चूषिका ‘having sunk’; वृषल ; <Apabhramga budda. यूनिट (२०) =वूनि4 ‘move about’.

qfes ‘ship, fleet of boats’, <vahiira.

afew दांकष्ि (vo, २४२).

qfesta (२५१०).

वू. ५. वृर.

CAS-SSHG (२,७>) a snake.

CARE (२५२). v. ES.

(दणि वाणि.

caf (८४,२२>), a musica] instrument.

स्ना = तांनिश्च| ‘a man of the trader class’.

cary (४७४) द़गांत्र ‘transaction, trade’.

CTSTY (d0,908) = वावर्त.

CHG (५>8) = वृक्ष.

Cam मणि (see) ‘a stick of bilva branch’, <vilvanadika,

cam (५१९) = (दनां ‘a kind of all grass’, <virana. Cif (४२४) ‘time of the day, position of the sun in the sky’, <velé-.

cafes (२५४) ‘shameless

MANASA-VIJAYA

eqatfs ‘members of a bridegrooms party’, <varaydtrika. Ca (७,७०.२ 39,258,293) ‘said’. ४. (वांशेन).

carga (298) ‘said’, <Apabhraméga bolla-.

(वां (२,७>) a snake.

(वां. ४. WBTAG) (३१३).

caitq (५२१) ‘by the speech’, <Apabhraméa 0011२.

cate (8०) ‘wasp’, <varald.

Saath (७) a name of Manasa.

Safesty (2) ‘pious act’, <bhakti-acara or bhakticarya. Stal (sv), Sfx (९१) ‘sister’, <bhagini.

रिट (५७९) ‘shall be obeyed; I shall obey’, <bhajisya-. Ga} (५8४, $8, 509) ‘cargo’.

efor (s28) ‘having chastised’, <bhartsay-.

छांतरिटन (292) ‘sister’s son’, <(bhagineya.

Ste (३०४) ‘you cheat’; Stee (२१५७) ‘cheat’; wifeq (३१५);

<bhanday-.

Steta ofS (४७) an item in house building.

Stq (sea) a species of wild cat.

Sry (४०४,५५१) ‘magic infliction’.

व्र-म्छा त॒ (seo) ‘counteracting magic infliction’.

Bras (sea) ‘skylark’; cf. bhardvaja. | छाटत्‌ (५२४) ‘throws magic infliction at’; जारि (83,505); जांविन(*२०)$

।तिटणक्‌ (५५०) ; <bhaérayati.

Sit (५२७) ‘welfare, good’, <*bhadrapika.

खातर (222) ‘husband’s elder brother’, <(bhraiy-svasura.

ङ] (४०१) ‘mislead’, <(‘*bhandapita.

Se (२०९) ‘you enjoy’.

QI ‘a mesmeriser; a kidnapper’.

Bestel (ses) ‘a firework’.

SS ( ट्ख aio ७४8, STH नांग २७४) ‘idol’, <P, bit <buddha. Sefer (>९>) ‘one who has contact with evil spirit’, <bhudtauyttika. Brey (sve) ‘earth’; (:89,s0) ‘king’.

खेन a musical instrument; cf. bheri.

~ GLOSSARY 347

COMPA, (उक्र ‘wasp’, <bkrngarola.

ङण (sb) ‘having pressed close’.

८खम्‌-खट्ङतं (ax), covtcsy (>१) varictics of acute poison.

cuff ‘penetrated’; (पिशा (२५५).

Com (sey) ‘raft’.

CIB (383,999) ‘Tibetan woollen stuff’.

acy ‘moves about’; खमख; safy ; <bhram-.

TEAS = ध्यय ‘friendship’.

ग्टेन (२०8) ‘died’, <mria-.

मेव (290) = मगल.

# Taly (१०) ‘of Mecca’.

# ग्क्त (७१) ‘in schools for Mussalman boys’, <A maktab.

मल्न-न) एन (५९०) a boys’ game, literally ‘Mughal and Pathan .

qq] (8>) a musical instrument, ‘==, नरकन (?)

qorfa (8२) ‘having done an auspicious rite with’, <mangalay-.

म्नि (वा| (2) a snake.

Treitn Ste (>>) 2 pot containing articles used in auspicious rites in marriage’.

« wafer ‘assembly’, <A 71121115.

Tete (५४१) ‘(if) put in harm’, <*majjapiia.

THA (292) = गिन ‘lost’.

# गकर (vy) ‘present, ready at hand’, <A 1151104.

* गरतं (५१) ‘creatures present’, <A maujidat.

afsatst (2) a serpent.

मगि-नन। (soe) = मनि-थैवांन

THT (४२) = गछन.

WAyAH, Wasa ‘kingfisher’; matsyaranka.

agzq ‘boat’ (originally the name of a treading vessel).

7R (२७) abbreviation of the name Manoratha.

गन।किनौ (२७५) a name of Manasa.

athe (७) a mame of Manasa.

afi¢z] ‘small cupped cymbals’.

ममौटद ate (४.8) a kind of firework.

42 . MANASA-VIJAY.A

WAFS (४०>,०९०,४>8) == गगर), यगु ‘attachment’.

eq (अक्र) a kind of drum, muraja.

e3% (७४) ‘man, strong man’, <P mard.

#ग॑जनं| (*&०) ‘spices’, <^ masala.

यमान (209) ‘in the execution or cremation ground’, <smasana.

ममांवि (sae) ‘mosquito-curtain’, <masakagrha-.

कयभिमं (४8२) ‘mosque’, <A masjid.

यांनी (२५) ‘great occultist’.

गरखनि (ses) ‘great lady’, <mahajanika.

asta (o>, ५३) ‘great magic infliction’.

महो मह (2) a serpent.

मृरिगा (२५४) is an error for afex{ as warranted by rhyme.

TTS (99).

ate (२५२) ‘wife’.

area, ate ‘a box-like vessel, raft’, <manjusa.

ae (०७५९) = गासि ‘pithy core’, <madhya-.

aratay| (s2¥) ‘having accepted unbidden’, <(*mastahapay-.

* गांन (१९) ‘prohibition’, <A mana.

atatazy (१) misprint for नानां.

गांन (>, ०४८९) a class of people allied to fishermen; cf. malla.

गांनाकांत (२०९) ‘a man of the gardener class’.

aifaa Fary (२२०) ‘son of a gardener’.

* गोलूम कु 1(sv) ‘main mast’ (?) <A ma‘lam ‘direction-post’ (pl. ma‘alim) + kaésha.

मानानि मानिनौ ‘a woman of the gardener class’.

मोटि cee (8२) = बटषल्ल कम्‌, ‘a very auspicious moment’.

TES (४४8, ४७) ‘elephant driver’, <mahamaira.

« fas] (49) ‘a head man, middle man’, <P miyan.

fas, fas) ‘friend’, <mitra.

भिय-८डाटन (>¢0,22¢) ‘by the enchantment of the friend’.

# faa (as in coal भिना ) = Freel

# fizqa (५४६) == मतव ‘captain of the fleet’, <P mir bahr.

« faq गणनिज (१०) ‘chief of the assembly’, < mir majlis.

GLOSSARY

# fq यानं (१०) ‘superior chief’, <P mir mv‘alat.

THAT (७७) the name of the greatest saint of the Natha cult. FFE] (950) ‘clean’, <mukia.

FFG ARCA=— TS A777 the name of a tank, literally ‘the tank

Furifies ’, <(muktasaras-,

भक्त (याक ‘salvation, final etnancipation’.

* Zerit (७१) ‘Mussalman’.

तै serrate (७१) ‘act of a Mussalman’, <P musalmani. भू (१४) ‘having opened (the eyes)’.

भूखि-कन्‌ (२३४०) ‘pearl bead’, <mauktika-phata.

* भूद्टक्षि (७७) ‘clerk, accountant’, <A mutdasaddi.

मित्र (9१५) ‘having shut’, <mudrita.

# भूतु, Fafa (9a) ‘cock, hen’, <P murgh.

# भूतप (१०) ‘scholar, disciple’, <A murid.

* यूष न्‌ (2८६) ‘a fan of peacock feather’, <P michal. TUR (०१) ‘offered a (wholesale) price’, <*miulyapay-. FAAS (५००). ४. TANS.

# FANS (99) ‘a Mussalman woman’, <A muslimat. yefa a kind of flute, <madhukavika.

Tet (sao) ‘offers a (wholesale) price’. v. GELS

{SAS -=गृ वर.

(अन (४०, २.१४, } ‘(desirable) company, gathering’, <melaka. ८मर्मान (५8७) ‘departure’. ५. (मनानि.

८गलांमि ‘adieu’, literally ‘meeting’ (euphemism for ‘departure’).

(यनिन,

(मनि (१२>) ‘together’, <miltta.

(गनि (५२७) ‘having discarded’, <Apabhramsa mellivi. (गनि (२०>) ‘to open (the eyes)’.

cafe (५8२) ‘(the boat) started.’

+ caratfa (69), (मांकाौय (२8७) ‘lords, masters’, <A maxadim.

+ (मांकाम (७४, 982) ‘dwelling’, <A makan. (माननम्‌ (8७) ‘Mughal’.

34°

that

V.

ecite (७१) ‘an exalted person, a Mussalman priest’, <<A mulia.

344 -MANASA-VIJAYA

(गारिमनौ (२७८) = (भांरिन। ‘charmed’.

बुगन (४) ‘Lord of creation’.

(ो१-नीषे। (९8, २४8) = (षानेशढे ‘cloth for trying the back and the knees by a yogi during meditation.’

wy (वामानि (२२१) a very big fish, Modern ata catgra.

वभ्न-नैखि (७०) ‘small coloured wicker basket’.

qorafG (9२8) ‘hastily’.

ae (49) ‘in a run’,

#तुवांव्‌ a musical instrument, <P rubab.

aera ‘kitchen house’, <rasavati-.

व्रमांन कांति (sev,29~) ‘very sharp chopper or sword’, <raséyana karitha.

# लुक्न ‘the prophet’, <A rasiil.

Wrz (28) ‘made (him) stop’; azety (252) ; Buddhistic Sanskrit vahayati.

#1 ‘noise, speech’, <vdua.

तरां) टे (१७४8) ‘in royal display’.

area (र) a snake.

बाजे (८८) बराक.

athe (ses) ‘widow’, <randa-.

मुाग-कन्‌| (95¢,20@) a species of banana.

arg ‘king, lord’, <raja.

atH (५५५) तां <cvavena. v. qj.

ates ‘cavalryman’, <rajapuira (2)

fas= ey.

वरिष = afi.

विमि = शमि,

« Wey (७१) ‘answer, appeal’, <A गणपत.

eh (४९०) ‘bread’.

HATA (>>,४७), WA (४१४) ‘wooden strips for panelling’.

zy (५>.४७) “cross beam of a thatched roof’,

# Cate (99>) ‘daily subsistence or allowance’, <P roza.

» Cate] (७४७) ‘Ramzan fast’, <P roza.

GLOSSARY 345

cata (59°) ‘noise’. ABT (>९७) == Grapes. नन्कटकबु (290) ‘of a lac’. ate the familiar form of the name afewa (afireen). afa (239) ‘I think’, <laksay-. ace (१२) == नाट ‘strikes’. नख्य (>२७) ‘(if you) do contrary to’; afeqa, afeqy|, नटश्च. Tegal (२२२) = arTatyal ‘down faced’, ae (१७) ‘blood’, <lohita. ae ( 111 78-47, नर्-गन्किति) ‘made of iron’, <lauha. MEAT (> 96) = HSA. नाव weet (sco) ‘acid dish made of gourd’, <alabz amla. . HAPSpft (2) a snake. ater (with atid, abl; ७९, 229) ‘gourd shell bowl’. नि, नापि (with नोखेञ्। १.४.) ‘mendicant’s staff’, <MIA latthi. fafastcs (22¢) ‘has been painted’. afsaca (9०8) ‘to take by force’, <lunth-. agferay (9१५) ‘having caught from high.’ cae, FS कषां (७५) ‘plough hand’. CARS, CTETG (2d) ‘tail’. (नागाशन (399) ‘horripilated’, <lomdifica-. cate ‘tears’. v. न्‌ ‘blood’. catesevq (902) ‘in an iron chamber’. (मों श-८माट्टं (२७२) = CATS-CaAICR. “at (o>) a snake. मतु] (*>४२) ‘bowl’, <Sarava. afer (3) ‘wife’s sister’, <Syalika. भनिन्विनानि (७१) a very potent antidote of poison, <Salyavuisalytka. भूना (०७०, ०९५) ‘best kind of rice’, <~. fares] (89, ५२७) ‘occult knowledge and power’, Siksa. faraca (९२०) ‘at the top of the bed’, <‘ikhara. e@sxq (8४) the name of a river. चैष) ‘parrot’, <‘Suka. 44

346 MANASA-VIJAYA

CATTS (२०१) ‘decorates’, <sobha-.

A). v. शिवि

ज्ये मव (pe) a personal name.

cto (२) a snake.

(ङती (७) a name of Manasé.

मैय (ss) ‘sixth’, <sastha+-ma (from saptama etc.).

HIYA (५०७) ‘of the fnend’s husband’s’, <sakha-.

मह (२) the name of a serpent; (gu) the name of the greatest poison doctor, =*{%{.

मङ्क-खांयटम (५१४) = अमश्था खां यटमं (१)

जह (गष्थ)-धब्ुखति the name of the greatest poison doctor.

गताम (8१, 8४, >४०) = मष्थंतांखं ie. मह «ets.

wafer] छि (२) a snake.

wee (४१) ‘do cease’; wafe, wefan ; <samkalay-.

जनि ‘stopped, pressed, shrunk’.

गृश्ट्तु (२२१) ‘appears’, <Csancarats.

A*iTY (sev) ‘come to’, <savcarayats.

# जतु (9९७) ‘game of chess’, <P. shatranj.

TS), मा ‘step-mother’, <sapatni-.

FCS (२०१) गडा or माषौ.

WAG (2¢, >, ७४) ‘step-mother’. ४. मड).

मुर] भिनर। (- ७२) ‘having somehow passed’, <samtdépay-.

गशटन=-खटश्र.

SAA (89) = जशथ॑खतु! a musical instrument.

मवं (२२९) -=मश्िव ‘shall endure’.

भविं (*०१) मने ‘oath’.

म] कोटवर (२०४) ‘to all’.

HSTACSTA (98 ०) == ASTACHTS.

WAC (२२१) = FTTH.

FACT (dob) =मश्ट्याश.

ममांरि (२१) म्मा ‘having completed’, <samadhdé-.

जगां नैक (sub) =A.

मद्व तिनं ‘ceased’, <samuvudray-.

GLOSSARY 347

werq ‘is possible, <sambhavati.

HASTA (>>¥) ‘all out magic infliction’. v. sta, fappera.

ACN, ARTA (७६, ७४) ‘do accost’, <sambodhay-.

मटक (४२४) ‘speech, response’,

जगि (२०४) ‘response, reply’.

मरिन Ciba (२७१) ‘pleased look’,

मभएंन्‌ ‘hawk’.

म्र] ‘friend’s husband’, <sakha.

Waa (*१०} a water fowl.

जवुमाःय]भरिनौ (७) a name of Manasa.

‘HA (296). ४. भ॑व].

watfa (५१०), Halal (oy) a water fowl.

wepptefe (४६०) ‘a kind of rice and pulse cake’.

HFA (939), = HHA Or WAY; ‘handsome’.

भवीशुक (sy, १४२, >>28} = मवींदाक्र. ‘commander in chief’.

मपृत, AYA = TOA ‘father-in-law’,

मषटटम्‌ (282). V. वष्ट.

AAS. ४. AT.

FRA. ४. YPC.

मरि, महौ ‘woman friend’, <sakhi.

afeatta (भ) =aifeatza ‘to collect (water) as a part of marriage ritual’, <sadhay-.

FUERA (०५). ४. HOH.

ACSA] (४०२, 9s) ‘formal establishment of friendship between two women’, <‘*sakhipalaka or sabhikakdlaka,

acer (3४१) ‘at the completion’.

जानि (x) ‘churning stick’.

AGF (>), HGF (४७) a type of beam in a thatched roof.

aoa (ses) an animal.

भाषि (४8५) ‘song of boatmen when pulling oars’, <Sabda-.

« जाहि (s0)=atfra] ‘obtained as marriage dowry’, <P shadi.

» जोरि (७). v. aft.

भाषि नऽ {४७४} ‘obtain by begging’.

348 MANASA-VIJAYA

मोटक् (२५७) = HCH.

मानि (vd, ४२, 220) ‘a kind of flute, <sanika.

मों ने (५९१) ‘in a sweep’.

AHS, मोच] (8) = मोश्रूञ। ‘box’, <samputaka.

ATSB (9२७) ‘entered’. ५४. w{t1z.

मां गाम्र (249) ‘enters’, <samayati.

aryata 8 bird.

जांद्रम ‘crane’.

aifa (२७) ‘having raised’; atfax (२8). ; <sdray-.

जानान (>>) दषा “praiseworthy’.

मोनि-िमा।नि (>०४)- ४. शोनि-विभोनि,

wife a bird, <sarika.

argfe (२२१) ‘mother-in-law’, <*Svasrittika.

जक. ४. MGS.

atutf ‘pincers’, “<samdamsika.

भान (209) =a.

Hrerq (१२) ‘enters’; Feral (22). ४. मामांग्र.

भिक] (२२७) ‘horn’, <Sraga.

faq ‘the sacred plant of the cult of Manasa (euphorbia nivulia).’

FANS ‘to boil to softness’; fete, भिक), freran, मिका; <sidhya-.

भिखं।न (२०७) ‘boiled’, <*sidhyapana.

faral-fawn (e+) ‘knowledgee of a siddha’,

भिक्षि (09, २५७) = भिक्ष. |

भिर्ि-कऱे। (९१) ‘matted hair worn by a siddha.’

भिक्ि-दूनिं (९१) ‘pouch carried by a siddha.’

मिम्भूतिप् (2) a snake, literally ‘vermilion coloured’; <sindira-.

# fete (१२) ‘sepoy’, <P sipahi.

भिवांन (28).

भितरनि (v9) ‘sweets offered to a Pir’, <P shirini.

farita (५8>) ‘of glass’.

fareaty (200) = गणना. “blow from a horn’.

z's (s+> with Wes) ‘happy married woman’, <subhaga-.

GLOSSARY 349

शकं गड (>8०) = Beats or Yetaq ‘dried leaf of bitter taste used in cooking’, <(suska-.

QT (93°) = EH.

Wats (५9०) “free movement’, <suvarima.

# (म्व ‘quickly’, <P shitab.

* CHSfq ४५) ‘a three stringed musical intrument’, <P sihtara.

# (मकारे (१९). ए. भिक.

* (गनांग (xv) ‘salutation (of a Mussalman)’.

# (Hay (५>) ‘a saiyad’, <A saiyid.

(मां ख्तुग (22¢) ‘remembrance’, <smarana.

(मां टज ‘remembers’, <smarats.

* (मांभांतु (v9, 9५8) ‘horsemen’, <csuwar.

* (गोभि (268). ४. (मांरोतु.

CAITS (*२४) ‘by the current’, <svotas-.

wen] (*>)-- खखक्रमु ‘crossbeams supported by columns’.

CoA. ४. BAA.

Bs (>७>) = खन,

CBE (२२१) (चद्‌.

« क्क (छ) ‘truth’, <A hagiqat.

* किम (७४) ₹किकृ 9

Be (o2>)=Bs ‘rivalry, daring’

एति (*>४) ‘a wicker box for keeping snakes

BCSl-gs2y (२२०) ‘a very miserable fellow’, <hatabhagya + duhkhi

Brat (208) Bec.

Bq (५२२) ‘remove (yourself) 1

Beira (v0) ‘as a personal (or marriage) gift’.

+ BSE (ses) a kind of firework, <P hawa <A hawa’.

# etext (१०) ‘inclination, desire’, <A hawas.

ate (४9४) ‘shout, loud call’, <Apabhramga hakkha.

® BS (७१) ‘requirement’, <A hajat.

* Bteiy (४९) ‘barber’, <A hajjam.

e watz (१०) ‘thousand’, <P hazar.

* wera) (9¢) ‘officer having command over a thousand men’.

350 MANASA-VIJAYA

7९] नैटत (२०६) ‘on the hand’, <hasta-upara.

Btfert (209) ‘shall strike’, <hanay-= ghatay-.

alata (२०), श्।वांटब्‌ (२३४, ६५५, 200), BAIA (२२, 908) ‘keen desire’, <abhilasa + द<द.

Biaigfs (>°) ङग gfe ‘having walked on all fours’. literally

‘having made with difficulty a movement’, <chammati+ kuddati.

रान (s2%) ‘plough’, <hala.

रोन। (७१६) a measure by counting.

wate (<>) = शनिश्च] a snake ; literally, ‘slender as a neck chain <hara-.

शानिग्र (२). ४. Brae.

21 7 (२२१ ‘shark’.

ize (¢>) ‘shouts or urges’. ५. ute.

कांत्रिश्र| (ve, 9२९, 365) ‘having called up’, <*hakkaray-.

# faye (७१) ‘to Hindus’.

# feaatf (४७) ‘follower of Hinduism’, <P hinduwan (pl.).

fafa (sea) a bird (?)

fern (298) ‘having done or wished injury to’, <himsd.

* क्‌] (७१). ‘hookah’, <A huqgqa.

* EFF (५४) ‘command’, <A hukm.

* टतु (vs) ‘in the presence’, <A huzir.

हनि (९९) ‘to offer oblation (into the sacred fire)’; Bf (२९०, २९८} <*hunots=juhoti.

* हग (१७) ‘poison’, <A huma.

era (8%) ‘by the end (of a bow)’.

(ख (५२९) ‘down, downcast’, <MIA hetthi.

CSB) (१५) ‘meat’, literally ‘mutton’, <edaka.

(श्छांटन (8>, 86, १९१). Sce Notes p. 306.

CECA (२२९) ‘like (this)’.

(श्‌, cecal “here, now’.

(श्ना (३२०७, २७२) यदटश्ने] ‘neglect.’

ददेखाट्नत (२४५). ४. CRB. =

INDEX

Agni-puradna xxxv fn., xl fn., 296

Amrta xxxvi, xxxvili

Ananta xlii

Aniruddha 305

ApSaras xxix, xxxvii, xli

Arayi xxix, ऋक, 297

Arittha viii

‘Astamangala’ 310

Astavakra 297

ASvins xxix, xxxiii, xxxvi, xxxix, xli, 298, 300, 301

Atharvaveda xxxi, xxxiv, Xxxvi, XXXVii, XxXXviii, xxxix, xl, xii, 295, 299, 303, 308, 309.

Avestan xxxvi

Alamba(ya)na, Alampayana viii

Gpas xXxxvii

apya yosa xxxil

Astika 299

Balarama

‘Bathau’ xiii

Baudhayana 299

Bauls xxxvii

‘bada-kharu’ 304

Bahura (Bahura) Brahmani xxii

Banesvar Ray xvi

‘bara’, ‘bari’ 303

Behula xxxv

Behulaé-lakhindaram xiv

‘Belali’ xxvi

एल पाण xxvi

Bhagavan-candra Visarad xvi

Bhadgavata-purdna 298, 299, 303, 306

Bhesajo jalaésah 301

Bhujyu 307

Bhuridatta-jataka viii

Bihula-kathad xxvi fn.

Boar xxxix

Brahma xxxv

Brahmiani xxii, xxxv

Brahmavatvarta-purdna 295

Brahmana-sarvasva 304 1.

Brhatsamhitad 293

Brhaspati 297

Buddha 297

Byadi xxxvi

Byddibhaktitarangini xxii, xxviii f-

Caitanyadais Mandal xxix

Candi (Candika) 293, 307

Candimangala xii

Candradhara 300

षव ~~ ---~ ~ ^" न= ~ + == ~~ ~ = ~ == ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ==

Cavaka-samhita 208

Carya song 204, 295

‘Cenhgamuri’ xxxiii

Cyavana 299

Cyavana xxxiii, 298

Dasakumaracarita 294, 296

Dangur ix, xxiv

Devi Visahari xxvi

Devi-purdna 295, 303

dhanvan xxxiv, 303

Dhanvantari viii, xxxviii, 301

Dhanvantari-Sankha 298

Dharma worship xvi, xxxvii, 294

Dhatarattha viii

Dhamai 297, 305

Dhrtarastra Airavata 299

Digambari 293

Dotola Bhavant xxvi

Durgavar xxi ff, xxxvi

Durvasas 298

Elapatra 300

Elephant xli

Euphorbia Nivuiia xlii, 301

Gajalaksmi xv, xxxi, xli

Gandharva xxix, xxxvi, xxxvii, xii, 300, 303

Gandha-vanik 300, 303, 305

Gandhe$vari xxxi, xXxxv, 300, 302, 305

Ganga xl

Garuda xxxix 1

‘Garuda-asana’ 304

Gorakh-vani vii f, 310

Gorakhiya yogis vii

Harivamhséa 306

Harsacarnita xxxiv

*‘‘Hari-jhi’’ xxxiv

Hayagriva xxxix

Hemanta ix

hematdla xiii, 303, 306

‘hemtala bari’ 303

Horse xxxix

Ichneumon x!

Indra 297, 298

Jagamohan Mitra xxix

Jagatgauri xlii, 293 f.

Jagatjivan Ghosal xxf., 294, 2096, 297, 299, 301, 302, 303

Jagati xxxiv f.

Jagatigauri xxxv

Jagatimangala xvi

Janamejaya 299

jangida xxxiv, xl

Janmacitra 305

‘jarani-mandap’ xiii

Jaratkarava xxxlt

Jaratkaru xxxii f., xl, 295, 297, 298, 299

Jaya 299

‘jaya-neta’ 300, 304

Jaya Visahari xxvi

1447277 xxxv

ष्णा xxxiv

Jalini 302

Jaliya and Jalana 302

jangalika (jangulika) xxx1v

Janguli xxxiv, 293, 298

Janguli-vidya xxxiv

Jivankrsna Maitra xxv f.

jhalla-malla 302

14811217 xxxi

Kamaldkirtana xv

Kamaldmangala xv

Kamale Kamini xli

Kamathasura xxxi

Kamboja girl xxix

Kapila 297

Kapisthala-katha-samhita 299, 302, 303

Karani xliii

‘kariyd jangala’ 308

Narnthka xxxili

Kaugalya ix

Kausika-sitra xxx

Kavicandra xv

Kalakarni xxxilti

Kalidaha xxxviii

Kalidasa 295, 296

Kaliprasanna Bandyopadhyay xxix

Kanarittha viii

Kani xxxiii f.

keta xxxii

Ketaka xxxi f.

Ketakadasa xiii f., xv, 206, 308. 309

Kesin xxxvii, 300

Kirata girl xxxiv

Kirtilatd xi fn.

Krsna 298

Krgna-pada 303

Ksemananda I xiii f

Ksemananda II xiv f

Ksemananda [1 xv

Kusa-(Kugala-) dev Pal xxix

Kurukul(l)jA xxxiv, 293

Kharadaha 306

Laksmi xxxi,

pee ~~ tens ee ee "~~ - ~ > ~ ~ -- ~~ ---------- ----- --- --

Latik xx Lotus xli

Madhu xxxvi, xxxvii

Mahabharata vii, xxxii, xxxiii fn. xl, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300

mahadmanas अभर

Mahamayiri-Vidya xxx fn.

Mahdnanda ix, xxiv

Mahdvastu 297, 298, 300, 302

MaheSacandra Das De xxix

Maina Visahari xxvi

Mainaka-pur xxvi

Maitrdyani-samhita 302, 303

Manakar xxi ff., 294

Manasa xxx

Manas& xxx f.

Mana xxx

Mangalacandika xxix

Maninaga 300

Manoratha 297

Manyu xxx

Maruts 297

Marutta 297

‘“‘Mattuva’’ xxiii

Mayana-pur xxvi

Madhai 297, 305

Mdlavikagnimitra 296

Malini 302

Malo (Mala) 302

Manaséi xxii

Marai xxiii fn.

Monkey «xl

nakta xxxv

Nakti xxix

Naga xxxvili, xl, xli

Nagalaksmi xxxi

Narayan Dev xvii

Natha cult 297

Netala xxv fn.

Netul&é xxv

Neto (Net&) xxxv, xxxviii

netva XXXV

Nirrti xxix, xxxv, xxxviii

Nirvasini 293

Padma (naga) 300

Padmadakini 302

Padma xxxi, xxxv, xli

Padmda-purdn(a) ix, xvi, xxxi

Padmavati xxxi

Paduma Kuméiri xxvi

Paidva xxxix

Palm Capital xlii

Palmyra xiii

Paiicavimsa-brdhmana xi, 299

Paumavai xxxi

Peacock xl

Pedu xxxix

Pillar x)ii, xliv

Pingala (naga) 300

12078 xxii

‘Ponad-behuli-mangala’ xxxvi

Prajapati xxxv, 296

Prsni 297

Rasik Migra xvi

Radhanath Raycaudhuri xxix

Ramayana vii

Rgveda xxx, XxXxXili, XXXV, XXXvi, XXXVii, Xxxviil, xxxix, xll, 2095, 296, 297, 299, 300, 307, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309

Rudra xxx, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxix, xl

‘Saka Haumavarka’ 300

‘Saka Tigraxaudi’ 300

Sakuntala 308

samaja 300

Samvarta 297

Sankha viii, 303

Sankha (naga) 300

Sankha-Dhanvantari 303

Saraswati xxix, अञ, XxXxvli

Sarpamudra 296

Sarpasattra 299

Sarpt 299

Satapatha-brahmana 296

Satravah (AV 4.3) 309

‘sayala’ 305

Sayu 401

Sadhanamalaé 293, 298, 303

Samkhyayana-dranyaka xxxii

Satali Hill 3०8

Savitri-Satyavan vi

Sesa (naga) xlii

Shahzada Ray xv, xvi

Shell xl,

‘siddhi-jata’ 300

‘siddhi-jhuli’ 300

Sija xxxix, xlii

Sijuya Hill 309

Sitaram Das xv f.

Soma xxix, XXXv, XXxvi, XXXVil, Xxxviii. xxxix, 300

somakalasa 301

Somasravas 299

Somaka 300

Somai Pandita 300

Sri xxix, xxxi

“Srikavikankana’’ xvi

‘“‘Srikavivallabha’’ xvi

Srutasravas 299

Sthiind xl

[

Sugandha xxxi, xxxv, 300, 305

Sura xxxvi

Suelakalasa xxxviii

Syena XXxix

Taittiriya-samhita 295

Taksaka Vaisaleya 299

‘*Tantra’’ Vibhiti xx

Taladhvaja 306

Tara xxxv

Totola (Totala) xx, xxi, xxxv

Tuttéra xxxv

Tvarita xxxv

Tvastr xxxili, xxxiv. xxxviii, xl, 295, 297

UccaihSravas xxxix

Ugra Dhanafijaya 299

Ugratapa 299

Urubilva Kasyapa 297

Urugila xxxiv

Usas xxix, 300

Usa 305

urdhvakrsana 299

Vamsidas xvii ff., 295, 296, 299, 308

Vamsivadan Cakravarti xvii

Varuna xxxvii

Vak xxxv, 303

Vancharama Ghosa ii

var upram XXXviil, 301

varaka 301

vart XXXIX, 301

Varuni xxxvii fn,

Vastospati xxxiii, xlii, 295

Vidhura-jdtaka viii fn.

vidhurd xxxv

Vijay Gupta xix f. 297, 299, 301

Vikramorva$si 295

Vinaya Text from Gilgit xxx, 305

Vipradésa xxxix, 300, 301, 310

Vibhiiti xx

Visa xxxvii, xxxviii, 300

Visadakini 302.

Visahari (Visahari) xxxii

Visahari-Vidya xxxii

Visahari-caritra xxvi fn.

Visnu Pala ix ff., xvi, 294, 295, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305. ` 306, 307, 308, 309

Visnu-purana 3006

Visvaripa xxxvi

Water fowl xl

Water weed xii

Yama vi, viifn., 301

Yama-pukur xxxviili

Yami vi

Yamuna xxxviii, xl

Page ii iii vii XXVii Xxxii 256 257 261 266 271 279 283 288

295

line

ERRATA

vead

were imitated Manasa’s Manasa Personified netva-jala that he would chiefs overcame he proceeded grains

the osprey

read ‘utd’si mitrdvaruno’

4,

for

was initiated Mapasa’s of Manas& Parsonified nera-jala that would © chief overcome the proceed grain osprey

vasistha’ .

ADDENDA Page xxxix

The Varaéha (Boar) avatar of Visnu is an important mutation of the cult of the boar. By vanquishing the serpent (maga) Sesa Visnu, incarnated as the Boar, rescued the Earth from the nether region, the dominion of the naégas. Cave 14 in Ellora contains a prominent sculpture depicting the Boar trampling the coiled body of the serpent Sesa.

Page xl

The peafowl was from the late vedic times the most import- ant bird connected with the anti-serpent cult. In the following incantation against poison, occurring in RV (1. 1071. 14) as well as in AV (10. 4. 4) the peahen is mentioned:

trvh saptd mayiryah saptd svdsaro agrivah

ta’s te visdm vi’ gabhrira udakém kumbhinir iva.

‘Thrice seven peahens, seven sisters maidens; they have carried away thy poison, as girls with pitchers (carry away) water.’

The anti-venom lore connected with the peafowl became Maha- mayurti Vidya in later Buddhism and it was equivalent to Visahari Vidya in Brahmanism (see p. xxx).

Cave 6 in Ellora contains a fairly large sculpture which I identify as an image of Mahamayiri Vidya. The goddess is standing ; there is a female attendant on the left ; on the right there is a pea- cock with its fan of feathers and below it a monk is reading a book (the sacred text of Mahadmayiiri) placed on cross-legged stool.

This sculpture is perhaps the oldest image of a goddess of snake- poison cure. It is also important as illustrating the process of concretisation of the abstract, which is responsible for the origin of so many gods and goddesses in the Indian religious cults, Buddhistic. Jain and Brahmanical.

लान बहादूर शास्त्री राष्टरीय प्रशासन अकादमौ, पुस्तकालय Lal Bahaaur Shastri National Acadmey of Administration Library

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