This is the San Jose Convention Center in the heart of the Silicon Valley. In just a few moments, we'll take you inside here for the third annual Computer Bowl. The Computer Bowl is a kind of computer trivia quiz show in which a team of computer experts from the East Coast takes on a team from the West Coast to see which side knows more about computers. Now, the West Coast team won last year. That's why they're the home team for this year's battle. So stay tuned. Play along with us as we bring you Computer Bowl III on this special edition of the Computer Chronicles. ♪♪ Computer Chronicles is made possible in part by Central Point Software. Suppliers of utilities software including disk backup, data recovery, file and desktop management and virus protection. Central Point Software, making computing safer, simpler, faster. Additional funding is provided by the Software Publishers Association, which reminds you it's a federal offense to copy software. And by PC Connection and Mac Connection. And by Byte Magazine and Bix. Welcome to the Computer Chronicles. I'm Stuart Shafae and in just a moment I'll be joined by Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft, as we co-host the third annual Computer Bowl, sponsored by the Computer Museum. The East Coast team won the first year. The West Coast team won last year. So now it's the rubber match to see who knows more about computer trivia. This year's teams feature heavy-hitting all-stars like Philippe Kahn, Heidi Roizen, John Markoff and Ed Juge. So stay tuned. We're on our way to the San Jose Convention Center for the third annual Computer Bowl. Good evening and welcome to the Computer Museum's 1991 Computer Bowl, version 3.0, also known as Computer Bowl III, presented by the Association of Computing Machinery. We're here in the heart of the Silicon Valley tonight at the San Jose Convention Center, home turf of the reigning Computer Bowl champs, the West Coast team. So tonight is the rubber match of this now legendary rivalry, or we could call it the revenge of the nerds part two, as the brains from the East Coast have come to play ball and as you know in a championship match, as they say, anything can happen. We're joined tonight by live audiences connected via satellite at the Computer Museum in Boston and also at the Hub Ballroom on the University of Washington campus in Seattle. And of course we have what I gather is a slightly partisan crowd right here in San Jose. What's it all about? This Computer Bowl, which you can see down here right in front of me, it has been in the possession of the West Coast team for the past 12 months after a thrilling sudden death victory just a year ago in Boston. So without further ado, let's begin by introducing the challengers from the East. In this corner, from Digital Equipment Corporation, Research Vice President Samuel, the Brushman Fuller. From the dubious field of journalism, New York Times Technology writer John, 50% mark off. From International Business Machines, the Vice President for Science and Technology, Dr. John, Jack Armstrong. From AT&T Computer Systems, the Vice President for High Performance and Fault Tolerance Systems, Dr. James No-Fault Clark. And last but not least, the captain of the East Coast team, computer historian and deep thinker Pamela McCordick. Let's hear it for the East. All right, now in the opposing corner, the home team in defending champions from the mellow West Coast. It looks like the East Coast has mellowed out a little bit here. From the Tandy Corporation, the Director of Market Planning for Radio Shack Ed, here comes the Juge. From Intel Corporation, President of the Microcomputer Component Group, David Powerhouse. From Metaphor Computer Systems, President and CEO, David the Goliath Liddell. From the world of jazz and also President of Borland International, Philip King Khan. And the captain of the West Coast team, the President and CEO of tea maker company, Heidi Poison Roizen. All right, you may be seated, ladies and gentlemen. And here's how we're going to play the game. We will have four rounds of questions. There will be three different types of questions in each of the rounds. There are toss-up questions, which are worth 10 points each, and any one of you can answer one of the toss-up questions. There will be what we'll call bonus questions. They're also worth 10 points each. They can be answered by any individual panelist, but a correct answer to a bonus question entitles that team to get into a special bonus round in which we'll have a series of three one-team only questions to be answered only by the captain of that team after due consultation. Thirty points maximum for each bonus round. Now if your answer to a toss-up question or a bonus question is wrong, a player from the other team will have a chance to answer the question. Also please remember, panelists, you have to ring your buzzer, wait to be recognized before you answer, or your answer will not count. If you ring the buzzer before we have finished asking the question and your answer is wrong, the opposing team will get a chance to answer the same question after hearing the full question, and it will then be worth 20 points to that other team. So there is a little penalty for gambling, especially if you lose. Now since we know what a cantankerous group this is here today, we have two resident expert judges whose job it will be to decide on disputed answers. From the East Coast, the chairman of IDG and star of Computer Bowl II, Pat McGovern. And from the West Coast, a partner in the venture capital firm of Kleiner Perkins Caulfield and Byers, and a member of last year's championship West Coast team, John Doerr. And to make sure everything is on the up and up tonight, all Computer Bowl answers have been verified by International Data Corporation. The scoring is being certified by a representative of Pricewaterhouse. But we'll still have arguments, I'm sure. Finally, it is my pleasure to introduce to you the MVP from Computer Bowl II, our official examiner for the night, the chairman of the board of Microsoft, Wild Bill Gates. Okay, ladies and gentlemen, get your hands ready, get your brains working. And Bill, we are about to begin, it's all yours. The last two letters in the names of many early computer companies were A-C, as in ILLIAC or ENIAC. What did the letters A-C stand for? Okay, we have the West Coast team, Liddell. Automatic calculator. I'm afraid that is not right. Anybody on the East Coast team like to try it? AC. Yes, Pamela. Automatic computer. Automatic computer is right. Ten points for the East, all right. Next question, Bill. How many data bits are there in the S-100 bus? Come on, okay. West Coast Jews. There aren't any data bits in the bus. Anybody on the East Coast like to give that a shot? Okay, Mr. Clark. Eight. Eight is the right answer. Twenty points now for the East Coast, sorry about that, Ed. Go ahead, Bill. A computer language is named after a famous 17th century French mathematician. East Coast Armstrong. Pascal. That is not the correct answer. Wait, wait, wait, listen to the whole question. West Coast, you'll have a chance. What was his first or given name? Philippe Kahn was first. Blaise Pascal. Blaise is the answer. All right. That is 20 points, 20 points for the East. You'll learn patience, you'll learn patience. Okay, Bill. Almost 10 years ago in October 1981, Steve Jobs appeared on the cover of Inc. Magazine and that photo was Jobs wearing a T-shirt, a bathing suit, a shirt and jacket. That's the end of the question. You have five seconds to go. Okay, we have Fuller on the East Coast. A T-shirt. That is not correct. Okay, we have Philippe Kahn. A shirt and jacket. That is correct. He was wearing a shirt and jacket. He couldn't be in a bathing suit. All right, we're now coming up to a bonus question. First of all, let's check the score. The West Coast has 30 right now. The East Coast has 20. We're about to begin a bonus round. Pay attention. In the 1959 movie, Desk Set, Catherine Hepburn and her staff are worried that they might be replaced by a computer being installed by Spencer Tracy. What was the name of that computer? Was it the Emirac, Cala Lili 1, Univac? All right, we have West Coast. Heidi Roizen. It was the Univac. I'm afraid that's not correct. You have a chance to try for this question on the East Coast. Maybe repeat the choices, Bill, so the question is clear. Emirac, Cala Lili 1, Univac. Who would like to give it a try? All right, you're on. Yes. Go ahead. Emirac. Emirac is right. 50-50, as Ed said over here. All right, East Coast, that gets you into this next bonus round. I'm going to ask you a series of questions, and the category is going to be television, since you seem to be so good at movies. In the 1950s, now, remember, you can consult now, and only, Pamela, your captain can answer for you. In the 1950s, a computer company was the sponsor of the first computer in the world. It was called the Computer Company. It was a company that was in charge of the computer industry. It was a company that was in charge of the computer industry. It was a company that was in charge of the computer industry. It was a company that was in charge of the computer industry. It was a company that was in charge of the computer industry. What was the Computer Company? Was it IBM, RCA, Burroughs, or Remington Rand? You have 10 seconds. For 10 points. You don't have to ring your buzzer. Yes. RCA. Yes. Not the right answer. The correct answer was Remington Rand. All right. You can still get 20 points out of this bonus round. Here's the second question. That same quiz show was, in fact, a very well-known TV program at the time. What was its title? I've Got a Secret, What's My Line, or Beat the Clock? For 10 points. The show is sponsored by Remington Rand. You don't have to ring. Give me your answer. Beat the Clock. I'm afraid I'm going to have to give it to you. Beat the Clock. I'm afraid you didn't. That's wrong. It was What's My Line, sponsored by Remington Rand. You've got one more shot at 10 points here. Slightly different area. Maybe you'll be better. In the mid-1970s, one of the first real personal computers was introduced. The computer was named after a destination visited by the Starship Enterprise on the program Star Trek. What was the name of that destination and that computer? Was it the IMSI, the Sol, the Altair 8800, or the Apple II? It was the Altair. Sorry? It was the Altair. That's the correct answer. You did get 10 points out of that, the Altair 8800. All right, the score at the end of that bonus round now, the East Coast still ahead 40 to 30 for the West. We're up for another toss-up question, Bill. Who was the recipient of the first Turing Award? Was it John McCarthy, Donald Knuth, Ekstra Dykstra, or Alan Perlis? All right, McCordick on the East Coast. Alan Perlis. Alan Perlis is correct, the 1966. 10 points for the East. Next, Bill. What does the term bit net stand for? East Coast, Markov. Because it's time. That is not the correct answer. Would anybody on the West Coast like to try? Yes, Philippe. Binary digit? No, that's even worse. Did he say bit? You almost had it over here. The answer is because it's time, network. You forgot the net part of bit net. Okay, can we move ahead to the next bonus question, please, Bill, number 15, would you? Touch cards were initially developed in 1801 by a textile mill owner to automate the patterns woven into cloth by his textile loom. What was the name of the man who first developed this application? East Coast Armstrong. Jacquard. That's correct, Joseph Marie Jacquard. All right, that bonus question gets the East Coast into a bonus round then. That was a bonus question. And I'm going to ask you again three questions. You have a chance to recoup from the last time. All right, remember, consult. The captain gives us the answer. All right, there are mainly two layouts for a computer keyboard, the QWERTY keyboard and the Dvorak keyboard. However, several of the letters appear in the same position on both keyboards. How many of the alphabetic keys appear in the same place on both layouts? Is it two, four, six, or eight? You have 10 seconds for 10 points. Four. I'm afraid that's not the right answer. It is only two. However, if you'd like to get another 10 points, can you tell me which two keys are in the same position on both keyboards? The one and the two. No, I'm afraid I said alphabetic and it's the A and the M. All right, last question of the bonus round. We're almost out of time in this particular round. The mouse has become a standard computer input device. Who invented the mouse? Doug Engelbart. You got the last one again. 10 points out of that bonus round. Okay, well, that's about time up for round one. And at the end of round one, what do we have here? The East Coast ahead by 70. The West Coast has 30. We're going to be back in just one moment. Welcome back to Computer Bowl 3. This is round two right now and the score stands East Coast 70, West Coast 30. A little bit of work to catch up with you guys. Let's get to the first toss up question, Bill. Who composed the Chinese room problem in an attempt to prove that computers can't think? McCordick on the East Coast. John Searle. John Searle is the right answer. 10 points for the East. Some computer scientists are a bit odd. One famous computer pioneer had a hatred for street musicians. Who was it? McCordick. Charles Babbage. Charles Babbage is right. Another 10 points for the East Coast. Next question. High Sierra is the name of a CD-ROM standard. What is the origin of that name? Was it named after the chief designer's dog, a communications code word, a hotel? Philippe Kahn on the West. Hotel. That's right. It was Del Webb's High Sierra Hotel. Very good. Okay. 10 points more for the West Coast. All right. We're at 90-40 right now, Bill. What was the first machine with an Ethernet interface? Liddell on the West Coast. You want to know. It was the Xerox Alta. That's correct. 10 points for the West. All right. The score right now, 90 points for the East, 50 points for the West. We're coming to an all-important bonus question where somebody's going to get ahead here. Go ahead, Bill. There's a computer company whose name is AST Research. The name of the company came from the first initials of each of the three founders. Can you give me their names? Philippe Kahn, West Coast. Albert, Safi, and Tom. Very, very good. That's three of them, A, S, and T. Okay. West Coast, you are behind by 30 points. You can get 30 points during this bonus round, and the category is startups. Remember, consult and answer only through your captain. It's almost a cliche that many Silicon Valley companies started out in a garage. Of the following companies, which one did not start in a garage? Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Televideo, or Sun? Which one did not start in a garage? You have five seconds. I need your answer now. It was Televideo. It's not correct, I'm afraid. The answer was Sun. Okay. Now obviously from that question, Hewlett-Packard did start in a garage, and the garage was on a street in Palo Alto. The two men were, of course, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. What was the name of the street? You have 10 seconds. What street in Palo Alto did Hewlett and Packard start? Cowper. I'm afraid not. It was Addison Street in Palo Alto. All right, you've got a chance for 10 points still. Digital Research, Incorporated is often referred to as DRI, but in fact when it was first formed, it was called IDR. What did those letters stand for? You have five seconds. I need an answer now. Intergalactic Data Research. Almost, almost. Intergalactic was the hard part. You got that Intergalactic Digital Research. Sorry. All right, I'm afraid the score still stands at 90 to 60 in favor of the East, and we go back to another toss-up question, Bill. Which of the following sort routines was named after a person? Heap sort, quick sort, shell sort, bubble sort. Fuller on the East Coast. Shell sort. Shell sort is right. Next Bill. What do the letters BCD stand for? Liddell on the West Coast. Binary coded decimal. Binary coded decimal is correct. 10 more. Before Seymour Cray co-founded Control Data, he was a computer engineer at what company? Liddell on the West. Univac. I'm afraid that is not the right answer. Anybody on the East like to give that a shot? Matter of fact, we didn't complete the question, Bill. I guess you can finish the question. Sperry Rand. No, you cannot talk now. IBM Honeywell. Which of those three companies? There's no consultation. One person must answer, Pamela. Honeywell. I'm afraid that's not right. The answer is Sperry Rand. All right, next question, Bill. What was the first encyclopedia to appear in CD-ROM? I.D. Roizen on the West Coast. Grolier. Grolier's is correct. Three computer companies have the word Packard in their name. Can you name those three companies? You have 10 seconds. All right, House on the West. Hewlett Packard, Packard Bell, and Packard Computer. I don't think number three is correct. The third one is Ferranti Packard. So I'm afraid no hope on that. And I'm sorry I did not give you a chance to answer that question. In the true tradition of judging, we'll make up for it later. All right, next question, Bill. Ada Lovelace is often referred to as the first programmer, but her father's occupation had nothing to do with... I.D. Roizen, West Coast. Lord Byron. However... I'm going to have to ask the judges on this one. Well, let me ask Bill to finish the question. Bill did not finish the question. Let me see what you think. Finish the question, Bill. Or math. What did... I'll read it. I won't be so literal next time. I was going to say Lord Byron is a famous author. Let Bill re-ask the question. But her father's occupation had nothing to do with computers or math. What did Ada Lovelace's father do for a living? He was Lord Byron. She answered Lord Byron. That's what he did. John, you agree? I agree. All right, I'm afraid that's the wrong answer. Do we get a chance to... Yeah, you're right. You're certainly entitled to a shot. Okay. He was a poet. Yes. Very. Good. All right, we're about to go into a bonus question now. That's why we have judges here. The score is 120 for the East, 80 for the West. We're into a bonus question right now. Time to catch up, Bill. A book entitled, Who Got Einstein's Office, is about an institution where a lot of early computer research was done. What is the institution? McCordick on the East. The Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Very good. That's exactly right. All right, it is a bonus round now for the East Coast. You are ahead 130 to 80 right now. Let's see if you can build up your lead. Again, consult. Don't ring your buzzer. Only Pamela can answer. The category is books. What book containing a bird's name is about illegal break-ins on computer networks? The Cuckoo's Egg. Cuckoo's Nest is correct for 10 points. She didn't say that. I'm sorry? You didn't? Wrong answer. Wrong answer. What did you say? Wrong answer. Wrong answer. Everybody's talking. She said Cuckoo's Egg. Cuckoo's Egg. Oh, I'm very sorry. Okay. Next question. The Cuckoo's Egg. The answer is The Cuckoo's Nest. Pam said The Cuckoo's Egg. Excuse me. Actually, this is wrong. The answer is The Cuckoo's Egg. Judges, please. She was right. The answer is The Cuckoo's Egg. Thank you very much. That is correct. 10 points. We have the wrong answer here. Okay, we're still on the bonus round. 10 more points. The Book of the Month Club recently offered a new novel based on a computer theme. What was the name of that book? Was it Goodbye, Mr. Mips? The Open Window, version 3.0, or The Difference Engine? It was The Difference Engine. The Difference Engine is correct. 10 points. All right. Here's your last bonus round question. Kurt Vonnegut once wrote a short story about a computer that wrote poetry and then eventually committed suicide. What was the name of that computer? Was it called Epikak, Mycen, Dresden? Which of those three? I need an answer now. Epikak. Epikak is correct for 10 points. Okay. That's the end of the bonus round. In fact, that is the end of round two. Right now, the East with a very commanding lead of 160 points. The West Coast, 80 points, but we have two rounds to go. No, no, no. We have two rounds to go. For those of you here in the San Jose Convention Center and for all of you watching live via satellite, please stay seated. We're going to resume the Computer Bowl in just a moment after we take a very brief technical break. Now, for those of you watching this at home on television, that's it for this special edition of Computer Chronicles. We'll be back next week with the last half of the Computer Bowl, rounds three and four, to see whether the East Coast or the West Coast earns the title of Masters of the Computer Universe. We'll be here again next week. Computer Chronicles has been made possible in part by Central Point Software, makers of Central Point Antivirus, a comprehensive program for the detection, removal, and prevention of more than 500 computer viruses. Additional funding has been provided by the Software Publishers Association, which reminds you, it's a federal offense to copy software, and by PC Connection and Mac Connection, and by Byte Magazine and Bix, the Byte Information Exchange.